Conversion to Digital Radiography from Film Radiography
|
|
- David Johns
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Conversion to Digital Radiography from Film Radiography Steve Mango Worldwide Technical Manager Carestream NDT Rochester, NY
2 Overview: Overview of digital Basic computed radiography (CR) Basic digital radiography (DDA) Image quality measures ASTM standards Digital radiography system qualification Customer acceptance of digital Audit criteria
3 What is Digital Radiography? Sources, shielding, image: same as film Detector: different type for both CR & DR (film is a detector also) Everything after exposure to image formation is different from film Need computer and monitor Image is an array of rows and columns of pixels Each pixel has a value proportional to dose, which eventually produces an analog gray value (brightness) on a display monitor Digital radiography is a way for you to improve your throughput and reduce consumable expenditures while improving the end customer image experience.
4 What is a Digital Image? Digital Image Analog Image
5 Digital Conversion Other industries have converted (for example; photography) Medical and dental radiography have converted NDT is the last to go, still primarily film It s not a matter of if ; it is a matter of when Reduce consumables, reduce re- work, eliminate chemical disposal charges, eliminate film storage costs, improve image evalua?on, share and store files electronically.
6 What s so Great about Digital? The user can; adjust brightness adjust contrast apply magnification apply image processing apply measurements, do calculations, and obtain statistics apply annotations include stamps Saves inspector?me and consumable cost while improving produc?vity.
7 What do your people need to learn to be prepared for digital? Digital Imaging Fundamentals it not the same as film! ASTM Standards pertaining to Digital Digital System Qualification Digital System Performance Baselining & Monitoring Image Quality Measures Computer Literacy A Totally New User Interface!
8 Varied requirements for digital certification ASNT training requirements Level I: 24 total hours, 16 hours hands-on Level II: 24 total hours, 16 hours hands-on NAS410 training requirements NAS410 Level I: 16 total hours, 8 hours hands on NAS410 Level II: 40 total hours, 8 hours hands-on The Industry has standardized on training MAI training requirements curricula for the transition to digital radiography with common guidelines from FWGIDR, MAI Level I: 8 hours formal training plus 20 DWGNDT, and OJT MAI. hours MAI Level II: 40 hours formal training plus 120 hours OJT
9 Kinds of Radiography Radiographic Testing (RT) film Computed Radiography (CR) Digital Radiography (DR) Digital Detector Array (DDA) Linear Detector Array (LDA) Computed Tomography (CT)
10 Computed Radiography
11 Computed Radiography Invented in 1975 by George Lucky at Kodak First commercialized in the mid 1980 s Digital image from film like plates Work flow is more like film Imaging plates are flexible like film Dynamic range is four decades (i.e., 1X to 10,000X)
12 Components of Computed Radiography Imaging Plate (IP) photostimulable phosphor Laser scanner or reader Computer, Software, and Monitor (image viewing)
13 Computed Radiography Imaging Process Stimulating Laser Detector (PMT) Galvo-driven scanning mirror (Fast scan) Filter Translation stage "Slow scan" Clock/sync * Computer A/D convert Storage Display Hard-copy output device
14 Computed Radiography: Imaging Plate
15 Imaging Plates
16 Imaging plate selection
17 Imaging plate payback compared to film One 14 X 17 plate typically costs about the same as one box (100 sheets) of film Imaging plates wear out over time Film wears out too over time Proper care and handling of IPs is required to achieve favorable payback! Imaging plates are a reusable media compared to film which is only used once. With proper handling of the imaging plates they can easily be used hundreds (or thousands) of?mes. The longer they last, the faster the payback.
18 Comparison of CR to Film
19 Digital Radiography/DDAs
20 Digital Radiography Invented in the early 1960 s, the worlds first digital radiograph was via fluoroscopy Image is immediate The detector is an electronic device Workflow is less like film, more like a digital camera DDA is rigid, not flexible Highest sensitivity Has excellent image quality due to frame averaging
21 Digital Radiography System DR System DR Flat Panel Detector (DDA)
22 Components of Digital Radiography Radiation source Object manipulator (for different exposure positions) Digital Detector Array, DDA Analog to Digital Converter Computer, Software & Monitor
23 Digital Radiography Imaging Process
24 Digital Radiography Detectors - Indirect Contain a thin film transistor photodiode array pixel grid Converts radiation to light Scintillators typically utilize Gadolinium Oxysulfide Terbium doped particle phosphors Scintillators can utilize Cesium Iodide Thallium doped needle phosphors Light is converted to electronic signal by the panel amorphous silicon, α-si Analog to Digital conversion produces pixel value
25 Digital Radiography Detector Handling DR detector contains sensitive electronics Semi portable Drop shock adversely affects detector Temperature and moisture dependent Radiation damage increases with kv; generally above 200kV Periodic detector maintenance required DR panels contain very sensi?ve electronics. In a sta?c environment, where the panel is not moved, the risk is reduced. However, panels can damage easily. Replacement panel costs run about $75K.
26 Calibration and Corrections Raw images obtained from a DDA must be calibrated (corrected) to create an ideal image. These corrections consist of: Offset (dark image) the noise level in the absence of radiation is characterized and subtracted from raw images. Gain the individual pixel to pixel non uniformity (gain) is normalized (x-ray on) and applied to the raw images. Bad pixel correction underperforming pixels are characterized, mapped, and corrected in the raw image.
27 Calibration frequency Offset is the most frequently required calibration. This can be performed as often as every image. As such, these are not normally saved. Gain calibrations last much longer. They are required for different energy and geometry conditions. They may need to be done if the scintillator develops irregularities due to burn in. These calibrations are saved, and are recalled as required. Bad pixel mapping is provided by the manufacturer, and is required very infrequently. As the DDA develops bad pixels with age and/or use, an updated bad pixel map may be required.
28 DDA Calibration Example Uncalibrated Calibrated
29 Digital Radiography Bad Pixels
30 Comparison of DR to Film
31 Image Quality Measures
32 Digital Image quality measures With film, inspectors only had to understand film density With digital radiography inspectors need to understand terms such as; pixel value, digital detector response (PV, DDR) digital driving level (DDL) contrast to noise ratio (CNR) signal to noise ratio (SNR) interpolated basic spatial resolution (isrb) equivalent penetrameter sensitivity (EPS) An understanding of digital image quality measures is required to qualify a system, gain customer approval, and produce optimum images
33 Exposure Linearity Equal increments of Log Exposure (doubling mas) should yield a straight line response of pixel values in a 12-bit Log system
34 Dynamic Range or Latitude Digital Latitude Film Latitude Pixel value or density Digital Film Exposure CR has a huge dynamic range rela?ve to film. It s easy to get a good shot the first?me. Fewer reshoots, no double loading!
35 Pixel Value (Pixel Intensity, DDR) Proportional to Dose! Can not be treated the same as optical film density The numerical representation of the pixel intensity depends on the chosen scale (i.e., log vs linear) Bit depth determines total range of pixel values Example 12 bit log = 2^12 = 4096, values 0 to 4095 Example 16 bit linear = 2^16 = 65536, values 0 to Pixel values are converted to analog brightness for viewing
36 Pixel Value Adjustment Gray scale (display) value is the number assigned to pixel value Window & level change the display values, not the underlying pixel values Display value is the digital driving level DDL DDL is the shade of gray on the monitor Monitor bit depth determines # of possible gray levels (8-bit = 256 levels)
37 Contrast Pixel value difference between parts of image Radiographic contrast Subject contrast: atomic no. (Z), density, thickness KV, filter, scatter Detector sensitivity Contrast enhancement with processing Use step wedge to define contrast (image sensitivity) and latitude
38 Contrast Sensitivity Minimum percent change in an object which produces a perceptible change in the image Computed Radiography lower contrast sensitivity Digital Radiography higher contrast sensitivity
39 Contrast to Noise Ratio (CNR) Difference between pixel values of adjacent areas Divided by standard deviation of pixel value (N2 N1)/ σ N = pixel value σ = standard deviation Standards specify this contrast is measured inside the 4T hole, and adjacent to it
40 Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) SNR = N/ σ N= pixel value; σ = standard deviation Signal desirable part of image: dose Noise undesirable part of image Scatter Geometric distortion Statistical variation or quantum noise
41 Spatial Resolution (SR) Amount of detail in the image Minimum resolvable separation between high contrast objects SR affected by many factors
42 Spatial Resolution (SR) Resolution is limited by effective pixel size!
43 ASTM Standards for Digital Radiography
44 ASTM Standards for both CR and DR (DDAs) Standard Guides (tutorials) Standard Practices for Performance Evaluation and Long Term Stability Standard Practices for Manufacturer Classification & Qualification Standard Practices for Examination Major revisions to CR standards in progress! DDA Standards due for update this year
45 ASTM E2445 CR Phantom
46 ASTM/USAF CR Phantom for low energy
47 HPX-1 Diagnostic Tool CR Phantom Valida?ng digital system performance at the start and finish of a project can be a sellable benefit to a customer (confirms work) as well as risk management for the inspec?on company.
48 SMPTE TV test pattern to evaluate display monitor performance
49 ASME code acceptance ASME Article 2, Appendix VIII Replacement of film by CR ASME Article 2, Appendix IX Replacement of film by DR ASME code, section V, Article 2 2T hole or essential wire must be displayed
50 Digital Radiography System Qualification
51 Example of a CR System Qualification
52 Minimum pixel value qualification Establishes an exposure range for optimum image quality Determines the minimum pixel value to achieve a predetermined image quality level Equivalent penetrameter sensitivity Signal to noise ratio Allows users to know that they have good image quality based upon the pixel value (pixel intensity) that they achieve Must be qualified for specific systems/parameters!
53 Customer Acceptance of Digital
54 Customer acceptance of digital What s in it for them? Why change? Is it as reliable as film? Demonstrate the same result as film. Productivity Will it make them more profitable? ROI (Note; may not recoup investment with one job) Operating expenses Image management and storage People can be reluctant to change. Digital imaging has a significant cost advantage rela?ve to film. It s worth the effort to convert.
55 RT inspection cost Source: Radiographic Inspection of Aircraft Components, Quality Digest, June 2006; Steven A. Mango.
56 Digital radiography audit criteria How to assess / prepare / comply? Have comprehensive written procedures and be prepared to demonstrate S/W features & image quality measures! Window/level/zoom/pan/1:1 pixel mapping Histogram, ROI stats, variable width line profile Display of DDRs and DDLs Neg/Pos image polarity Annotations DICONDE compliance, lossless image format Process controls (SNR, EPS tests, etc.) Written procedures include scanner settings, viewing cond.
57 Thank You!
Recommended Training Curriculum For Digital Radiography Personnel (Level II)
Paper No. 005-11 Recommended Training Curriculum For Digital Radiography Personnel (Level II) 1 December 2011 This document was created by the Federal Working Group on Industrial Digital Radiography. Reproduction
More informationMinimum Requirements for Digital Radiography Equipment and Measurement Procedures by Different Industries and Standard Organizations
uwe.ewert@bam.de Minimum Requirements for Digital Radiography Equipment and Measurement Procedures by Different Industries and Standard Organizations Uwe Ewert and Uwe Zscherpel BAM Federal Institute for
More informationDigital Detector Array Image Quality for Various GOS Scintillators
Digital Detector Array Image Quality for Various GOS Scintillators More info about this article: http://www.ndt.net/?id=22768 Brian S. White 1, Mark E. Shafer 2, William H. Russel 3, Eric Fallet 4, Jacques
More informationFilm Replacement in Radiographic Weld Inspection The New ISO Standard
BAM Berlin Film Replacement in Radiographic Weld Inspection The New ISO Standard 17636-2 Uwe Ewert, Uwe Zscherpel, Mirko Jechow Requests and information to: uwez@bam.de 1 Outline - The 3 essential parameters
More information10/3/2012. Study Harder
This presentation is a professional collaboration of development time prepared by: Rex Christensen Terri Jurkiewicz and Diane Kawamura Study Harder CR detection is inefficient, inferior to film screen
More informationExperiences of users in Digital Radiography
Computed Radiography Products & Applications Experiences of users in Digital Radiography Jimmy Opdekamp May Jimmy 2006Opdekamp Global Product Manager CR Int l Workshop Imaging NDT Chennai, 25-28 April
More informationSpokane Industries Computed Radiography Implementation Experience. David Jolin Technical Sales
Spokane Industries Computed Radiography Implementation Experience David Jolin Technical Sales djolin@spokaneindustries.com Outline Background Our Decision for Computed Radiography Implementation of CR
More information10/26/2015. Study Harder
This presentation is a professional collaboration of development time prepared by: Rex Christensen Terri Jurkiewicz and Diane Kawamura Study Harder CR detection is inefficient, inferior to film screen
More informationAUTOMATED AND QUANTITATIVE METHOD FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE OF DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY IMAGING SYSTEMS
International Workshop SMART MATERIALS, STRUCTURES & NDT in AEROSPACE Conference NDT in Canada 2011 2-4 November 2011, Montreal, Quebec, Canada AUTOMATED AND QUANTITATIVE METHOD FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE OF
More informationAmorphous Selenium Direct Radiography for Industrial Imaging
DGZfP Proceedings BB 67-CD Paper 22 Computerized Tomography for Industrial Applications and Image Processing in Radiology March 15-17, 1999, Berlin, Germany Amorphous Selenium Direct Radiography for Industrial
More informationNON-DESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION UTILIZING IMAGING PLATES FOR FIELD RADIOGRAPHY APPLICATIONS
19 th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing 2016 NON-DESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION UTILIZING IMAGING PLATES FOR FIELD RADIOGRAPHY APPLICATIONS Brian S. WHITE 1 1 Carestream NDT, 1049 Ridge Road West, Rochester,
More informationDIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY. Digital radiography is a film-less technology used to record radiographic images.
DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY Digital radiography is a film-less technology used to record radiographic images. 1 The purpose of digital imaging is to generate images that can be used in the diagnosis and assessment
More informationHardware for High Energy Applications 30 October 2009
Paper No. 003 09 Hardware for High Energy Applications 30 October 2009 This document was created by the Federal Working Group on Industrial Digital Radiography. Reproduction is authorized. Federal Working
More informationCR Basics and FAQ. Overview. Historical Perspective
Page: 1 of 6 CR Basics and FAQ Overview Computed Radiography is a term used to describe a system that electronically records a radiographic image. Computed Radiographic systems use unique image receptors
More informationMigrating from traditional to Digital Radiography in Aerospace
Migrating from traditional to Digital Radiography in Aerospace More info about this article: http://www.ndt.net/?id=22663 Abstract Lennart Schulenburg VisiConsult X-ray System & Solutions GmbH Brandenbrooker
More informationUNDERSTANDING THE CURRENT CAPABILITIES AND LIMITATIONS OF DIGITAL INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHY
UNDERSTANDING THE CURRENT CAPABILITIES AND LIMITATIONS OF DIGITAL INDUSTRIAL RADIOGRAPHY A DISCUSSION REGARDING THE CURRENT STATE OF THE TECHNOLOGY AND THE REASONS BEHIND THE SLOW TRANSITION FROM FILM
More informationComputed Radiography
BAM Berlin Computed Radiography --INDE 2007, Kalpakkam, India -- Uwe Zscherpel, Uwe Ewert BAM Berlin, Division VIII.3 Requests Requests and and information information to: to: Dr. Dr. U. U. Zscherpel Zscherpel
More informationEquivalent Penetrameter Sensitivity (EPS) for Performance Evaluation of Computed Radiography Systems Muzibur Khan * and Mike Brothers
Equivalent Penetrameter Sensitivity (EPS) for Performance Evaluation of Computed Radiography Systems Muzibur Khan * and Mike Brothers More info about this article: http://www.ndt.net/?id=22782 Abstract
More informationPERFORMANCE CHARACTERIZATION OF AMORPHOUS SILICON DIGITAL DETECTOR ARRAYS FOR GAMMA RADIOGRAPHY
12 th A-PCNDT 2006 Asia-Pacific Conference on NDT, 5 th 10 th Nov 2006, Auckland, New Zealand PERFORMANCE CHARACTERIZATION OF AMORPHOUS SILICON DIGITAL DETECTOR ARRAYS FOR GAMMA RADIOGRAPHY Rajashekar
More informationHPX1-Plus. For Non-Destructive Testing. THE BENCHMARK IN COMPUTED RADIOGRAPHY.
HPX1-Plus For Non-Destructive Testing THE BENCHMARK IN COMPUTED RADIOGRAPHY. Introducing the The HPX family of products has earned many of the NDT industry s most prestigious awards. It was no surprise
More informationAcquisition, Processing and Display
Acquisition, Processing and Display Terri L. Fauber, R.T. (R)(M) Department of Radiation Sciences School of Allied Health Professions Virginia Commonwealth University Topics Image Characteristics Image
More informationUnit thickness. Unit area. σ = NΔX = ΔI / I 0
Unit thickness I 0 ΔI I σ = ΔI I 0 NΔX = ΔI / I 0 NΔX Unit area Δx Average probability of reaction with atom for the incident photons at unit area with the thickness of Delta-X Atom number at unit area
More informationMoving from film to digital: A study of digital x-ray benefits, challenges and best practices
Moving from film to digital: A study of digital x-ray benefits, challenges and best practices H.U. Pöhler 1 and N. D Ademo 2 DÜRR NDT GmbH & Co. KG, Höpfigheimer Straße 22, Bietigheim-Bissingen, 74321,
More informationDigital Imaging Considerations Computed Radiography
Digital Imaging Considerations Digital Radiography Computed Radiography o Cassette based Direct or Indirect Digital Radiography o Cassetteless Computed Radiography 1 CR Image Acquisition Most like conventional
More informationAdvancements In Digital Radiography: CR, DR, and DICONDE
Advancements In Digital Radiography: CR, DR, and DICONDE Leo BOIY and Rick CUSCINO, GE Sensing & Inspection Technologies, Berchem, Belgium and Lewistown, USA Introduction Imaging in today s digital age
More informationRadiology Physics Lectures: Digital Radiography. Digital Radiography. D. J. Hall, Ph.D. x20893
Digital Radiography D. J. Hall, Ph.D. x20893 djhall@ucsd.edu Background Common Digital Modalities Digital Chest Radiograph - 4096 x 4096 x 12 bit CT - 512 x 512 x 12 bit SPECT - 128 x 128 x 8 bit MRI -
More informationDigital radiography: Practical advantages of Digital Radiography. Practical Advantages in image quality
Digital radiography: Digital radiography is set to become the most common form of processing radiographic images in the next 10 years. This is due to a number of practical and image quality issues. Practical
More informationEssential Parameters for the Visibility of IQIs and Small Indications in Digital Radiography
7 th European-American Workshop on Reliability of NDE Essential Parameters for the Visibility of IQIs and Small Indications in Digital Radiography Uwe EWERT, Uwe ZSCHERPEL, Justus VOGEL, Fangzhou ZHANG
More informationON THE WAY TO DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY
The 14 th International Conference of the Slovenian Society for Non-Destructive Testing»Application of Contemporary Non-Destructive Testing in Engineering«September 4-6, 2017, Bernardin, Slovenia More
More informationDigital Radiography : Flat Panel
Digital Radiography : Flat Panel Flat panels performances & operation How does it work? - what is a sensor? - ideal sensor Flat panels limits and solutions - offset calibration - gain calibration - non
More informationSYLLABUS. TITLE: Equipment Operation I. DEPARTMENT: Radiologic Technology
CODE: RADT 156 INSTITUTE: Health Science TITLE: Equipment Operation I DEPARTMENT: Radiologic Technology COURSE DESCRIPTION: This course covers the principles of equipment operation and maintenance of radiographic
More informationSECTION I - CHAPTER 2 DIGITAL IMAGING PROCESSING CONCEPTS
RADT 3463 - COMPUTERIZED IMAGING Section I: Chapter 2 RADT 3463 Computerized Imaging 1 SECTION I - CHAPTER 2 DIGITAL IMAGING PROCESSING CONCEPTS RADT 3463 COMPUTERIZED IMAGING Section I: Chapter 2 RADT
More informationTHE CR SPECIALISTS HD-CR CR 35 NDT
THE CR SPECIALISTS HD-CR CR 35 NDT COMPUTED RADIOGRAPHY SYSTEMS Digital Intelligence Ready to Change. www.duerr-ndt.com VERSATILE AND DEPENDABLE HIGH-TECH MADE IN GERMANY Highest resolution DÜRR NDT is
More informationISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 16371-1 First edition 2011-10-01 Non-destructive testing Industrial computed radiography with storage phosphor imaging plates Part 1: Classification of systems Essais non destructifs
More informationCOMPUTED RADIOGRAPHY CHAPTER 4 EFFECTIVE USE OF CR
This presentation is a professional collaboration of development time prepared by: Rex Christensen Terri Jurkiewicz and Diane Kawamura New Technology https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ptkzznazb 7U COMPUTED
More informationPRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS AND EFFECTS OF METALLIC SCREEN FLUORESCENCE AND BACKSCATTER CONTROL IN GAMMA COMPUTED RADIOGRAPHY
19 th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing 2016 PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS AND EFFECTS OF METALLIC SCREEN FLUORESCENCE AND BACKSCATTER CONTROL IN GAMMA COMPUTED RADIOGRAPHY Steven MANGO 1 1 Carestream
More informationFOCUS. Digital Radiography in Industry: Digital Detector Arrays in Radiographic Testing. Introduction. Definitions. by Brad Kraai
Vol. Vol. 13, 15, No. No. 1 3 FOCUS Digital Radiography in Industry: Digital Detector Arrays in Radiographic Testing by Brad Kraai Introduction Digital detector array (DDA) systems within industrial radiography
More informationEssential Parameters and Conditions for Optimum Image Quality in Digital Radiology
18th World Conference on Nondestructive Testing, 16-20 April 2012, Durban, South Africa Essential Parameters and Conditions for Optimum Image Quality in Digital Radiology Uwe EWERT, Uwe ZSCHERPEL, Mirko
More informationCurrent technology in digital image production (CR/DR and other modalities) Jaroonroj Wongnil 25 Mar 2016
Current technology in digital image production (CR/DR and other modalities) Jaroonroj Wongnil 25 Mar 2016 Current technology in digital image production (CR/DR and other modalities) 2/ Overview Digital
More informationIntroduction. Chapter 16 Diagnostic Radiology. Primary radiological image. Primary radiological image
Introduction Chapter 16 Diagnostic Radiology Radiation Dosimetry I Text: H.E Johns and J.R. Cunningham, The physics of radiology, 4 th ed. http://www.utoledo.edu/med/depts/radther In diagnostic radiology
More informationDürr NDT GmbH & Co. KG Höpfigheimer Straße 22 D Bietigheim-Bissingen Germany. Contract No. BAM ZBA Dürr
lndustrial Computed Radiography with storage phosphor imaging plates results of a classification of the system Dürr HD-CR 35 NDT scanner with blue HD- IP Plus imaging plates (HD-IP + ) BAM reference BAM
More informationFig.2: Scanner VistaScan for image plates
RADIOGRAPHIC INSPECTION OF WELDINGS BY DIGITAL SENSORS H. Thiele, H.-J. Friemel RADIS GmbH, Johanniskirchen, Germany Abstract: The newly available digital sensors for radiographic inspection are suitable
More informationCARESTREAM INDUSTREX Digital Imaging Plates
TECHNICAL DATA / Non-Destructive Testing February 2011 TI-2632 CARESTREAM INDUSTREX Digital Imaging Plates CARESTREAM INDUSTREX Flex XL, GP and HR Digital Imaging Plates (IPs) are designed for computed
More informationSECTION I - CHAPTER 1 DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY: AN OVERVIEW OF THE TEXT. Exam Content Specifications 8/22/2012 RADT 3463 COMPUTERIZED IMAGING
RADT 3463 - COMPUTERIZED IMAGING Section I: Chapter 1 RADT 3463 Computerized Imaging 1 SECTION I - CHAPTER 1 DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY: AN OVERVIEW OF THE TEXT RADT 3463 COMPUTERIZED IMAGING Section I: Chapter
More informationCARESTREAM INDUSTREX Digital Imaging Plates
2016-09-29 TI-2632 CARESTREAM INDUSTREX Digital Imaging Plates CARESTREAM INDUSTREX Flex Digital Imaging Plates (IPs) are designed for computed radiography in nondestructive testing applications. These
More information» There are many possible techniques for making good radiographs. » Following a defined procedure will simplify technique
Recommended Techniques» There are many possible techniques for making good radiographs using CR» Following a defined procedure will simplify technique development and shorten the time to a good image»
More informationHPX-PRO. For Non-Destructive Testing.
HPX-PRO For Non-Destructive Testing The Answer to Portable Digital NDT. www.carestream.com Introducing the The HPX-PRO CR system is built for high image quality, improved productivity and extreme portability.
More information3/31/2011. Objectives. Emory University. Historical Development. Historical Development. Historical Development
Teaching Radiographic Technique in a Digital Imaging Paradigm Objectives 1. Discuss the historical development of digital imaging. Dawn Couch Moore, M.M.Sc., RT(R) Assistant Professor and Director Emory
More informationINDUSTREX (installed and tested prior to shipping) Windows 7 Ultimate 64 bit Filter
HPX-PRO For Non-Destructive Testing IMAGING PLATES When it comes to portable digital imaging with the HPX-PRO, there is no question that you also need rugged imaging plates that can withstand harsh mobile
More informationDELWORKS DR MEDICAL. take the next step
DELWORKS DR MEDICAL take the next step DELWORKS MEDICAL DR If you are thinking of taking the next step to digital radiography, consider a DelWorks Medical DR Retrofit Package, the easy and affordable way
More informationHPX-PRO. For Non-Destructive Testing. THE ANSWER TO PORTABLE DIGITAL NDT.
HPX-PRO For Non-Destructive Testing THE ANSWER TO PORTABLE DIGITAL NDT. www.carestream.com Introducing the The HPX-PRO CR system is built for high image quality, improved productivity and extreme portability.
More informationDental Radiography. One of the problems of dental radiography is having different dimensions than normal.
The prototype receptor (the recording medium) most commonly used in dental radiography is the radiographic film. However, there are many other new more efficient receptors than the formed one that can
More informationEngineering Policy & Procedure
FPD > Engineering > Global Standards Engineering Policy & Procedure Revision History Number: G2-4 Section: G Subject: Radiographic Examination Procedure 1.0 SCOPE This procedure specifies the requirements
More informationDigital Industrial Radiography
Digital Industrial Radiography Dr. Helmut Wolf, Anna University Chennai Dr.Theobald Fuchs, Fraunhofer Development Center X-ray Technology, Fuerth, Germany 1. Introduction In the previous issues, the physical
More informationSTUDENT REVIEW QUESTION SET K CR/DR CONTENT AREA
STUDENT REVIEW QUESTION SET K CR/DR CONTENT AREA RADT 2913 COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW 1 The CR cassette is backed by aluminum that: A. reflects x-rays B. absorbs x-rays C. captures the image D. transmits x-rays
More informationDo you have any other questions? Please call us at (Toll Free) or , or
INSTRUCTIONS Read the appropriate course/ textbook. This is an open book test. A score of 75% or higher is needed to receive CE credit. You will have a maximum of three attempts to pass this course. Please
More informationNDT Supply.com 7952 Nieman Road Lenexa, KS USA
Durr NDT ScanX Computed Radiography System The Workhorse of Portable Digital Radiography in NDT There are 2 models available: ScanX Discover HR ScanX Discover HC ScanX Discover HR ScanX Discover HC The
More information17th World Conference on Nondestructive Testing, Oct 2008, Shanghai, China
17th World Conference on Nondestructive Testing, 25-28 Oct 2008, Shanghai, China Real-time Radiographic Non-destructive Inspection for Aircraft Maintenance Xin Wang 1, B. Stephen Wong 1, Chen Guan Tui
More informationDigital Radiographic Inspection replacing traditional RT and 3D RT Development
Digital Radiographic Inspection replacing traditional RT and 3D RT Development Iploca Novel Construction Meeting 27&28 March 2014 Geneva By Jan van der Ent Technical Authority International Contents Introduction
More informationRADIOGRAPHIC EXPOSURE
RADIOGRAPHIC EXPOSURE Receptor Exposure Receptor Exposure the that interacts with the receptor. Computed Radiography ( ) requires a. Direct Digital Radiography (DR) requires a. Exposure Indicators Exposure
More informationExposure Indices and Target Values in Radiography: What Are They and How Can You Use Them?
Exposure Indices and Target Values in Radiography: What Are They and How Can You Use Them? Definition and Validation of Exposure Indices Ingrid Reiser, PhD DABR Department of Radiology University of Chicago
More informationMinimum Requirements for Digital Radiography Equipment and Measurement Procedures by Different Industries and Standard Organizations
More Info at Open Access Database www.ndt.net/?id=16708 Minimum Requirements for Digital Radiography Equipment and Measurement Procedures by Different Industries and Standard Organizations Uwe EWERT, Uwe
More informationDürr NDT GmbH & Co. KG Höpfigheimer Straße 22 D Bietigheim-Bissingen Germany. Contract No. BAM ZBA Dürr
Industrial Computed Radiography with storage phosphor imaging plates results of a classification of the system Dürr HD-CR 35 NDT Plus scanner using HD-IP Plus imaging plates (HD-IP + ) BAM reference BAM
More informationDigital Radiography Systems Techniques and Performance Evaluation for Space Applications
172 Digital Radiography Systems Techniques and Performance Evaluation for Space Applications V.N. Misale, S. Ravi and R. Narayan Proceedings of the National Seminar & Exhibition on Non-Destructive Evaluation
More informationNAVSEA Requirements for Computed Radiography DRAFT
NAVSEA Requirements for Computed Radiography DRAFT 4-17-2015 1. SCOPE This document provides requirements for using filmless digital computed radiography (CR) as an alternative to film radiography when
More informationPerformance evaluation of a photon counting detector for high energy NDT applications
Performance evaluation of a photon counting detector for high energy NDT applications More info about this article: http://www.ndt.net/?id=22842 Abstract Angela Peterzol 1, Pascal Brun 1, Charlotte Eriksson
More informationX-ray Imaging. PHYS Lecture. Carlos Vinhais. Departamento de Física Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto
X-ray Imaging PHYS Lecture Carlos Vinhais Departamento de Física Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto cav@isep.ipp.pt Overview Projection Radiography Anode Angle Focal Spot Magnification Blurring
More informationA Comprehensive Review of Image Production
A Comprehensive Review of Image Production Presented by: John Fleming, M.Ed., RT(R)(MR)(CT) St. Petersburg College Office: (727) 341-3758 E-mail: flemingj@spcollege.edu Lesson Objectives: ARRT Content
More informationStrategies for Film Replacement in Radiography - a comparative study -
IV Conferencia Panamericana de END Buenos Aires Octubre 2007 Strategies for Film Replacement in Radiography - a comparative study - 1 Uwe Ewert, 1 Uwe Zscherpel, 2 Klaus Bavendiek 1 BAM-Berlin, Federal
More informationACQUISITION HARDWARE FOR DIGITAL IMAGING
ACQUISITION HARDWARE FOR DIGITAL IMAGING WILLIAM R. WIDMER Use of digital radiography is growing rapidly in veterinary medicine. Two basic digital imaging systems are available, computed radiography (CR)
More informationSetting up digital imaging department!
Outline Setting up digital imaging department! From screen/film to digital radiography PACS/Tele radiology Setting up digital department Digital Imaging Napapong Pongnapang, Ph.D. Department of Radiological
More informationNDE SOLUTIONS RADIOGRAPHY COURSE OUTLINE
NDE SOLUTIONS RADIOGRAPHY COURSE OUTLINE 80 Hour Course Length 1.0 NDT Qualification and Introduction (3 Hours) 1.1 NDT Introduction 1.2 NDT Qualification and Certification 1.2.1 NAS 410 1.2.2 SNT-TC-1A
More informationDACON INSPECTION SERVICES. Computed RADIOGRAPHY
CR Computed RADIOGRAPHY Who we are Conventional and Advanced NDT and Inspection Services Oil and Gas, Refinery, Petrochemical, Heavy Industry, Mining Over 400 personnel including more than 300 inspectors
More informationReal Time Linear Array Imaging. Brian Caccamise
Real Time Linear Array Imaging Brian Caccamise 1 Real Time Linear Array Imaging What is Real Time Linear Array Imaging? Or Real Time Radiography (RTR)? 2 Real Time Linear Array Imaging It s Not This! Shoe
More information5th Pan American Conference for NDT 2-6 October 2011, Cancun, Mexico
QUALIFICATION PROCESS AND INSPECTION VALIDATION OF COMPUTED RADIOGRAPHY TECHNIQUE FOR DWDI WELD INSPECTION Carla Alves MARINHO 1, José Maurício RABELLO, Marcos AIUB, Eduardo IGUCHI, Ricardo LOPES 2, Davi
More informationExamination of Pipe Welds by Image Plate Based Computed Radiography System
Examination of Pipe Welds by Image Plate Based Computed Radiography System Sanjoy Das, M.S.Rana, Benny Sebastian, D. Mukherjee and K.K. Abdulla Atomic Fuels Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai
More informationI. PERFORMANCE OF X-RAY PRODUCTION COMPONENTS FLUOROSCOPIC ACCEPTANCE TESTING: TEST PROCEDURES & PERFORMANCE CRITERIA
FLUOROSCOPIC ACCEPTANCE TESTING: TEST PROCEDURES & PERFORMANCE CRITERIA EDWARD L. NICKOLOFF DEPARTMENT OF RADIOLOGY COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY NEW YORK, NY ACCEPTANCE TESTING GOALS PRIOR TO 1st CLINICAL USAGE
More informationDigital Profile Radiography Practical uses and limitations
Digital Profile Radiography Practical uses and limitations Mr. Neil Young Asset Reliability Inspections Bunbury, Australia www.ari.com.au neil.young@ari.com.au Introduction Profile digital radiography
More informationWhile digital techniques have the potential to reduce patient doses, they also have the potential to significantly increase them.
In press 2004 1 2 Guest Editorial (F. Mettler, H. Ringertz and E. Vano) Guest Editorial (F. Mettler, H. Ringertz and E. Vano) Digital radiology An appropriate analogy that is easy for most people to understand
More informationSeminar 8. Radiology S8 1
Seminar 8 Radiology Medical imaging. X-ray image formation. Energizing and controlling the X-ray tube. Image detectors. The acquisition of analog and digital images. Digital image processing. Selected
More informationHalf value layer and AEC receptor dose compliance survey in Estonia
Half value layer and AEC receptor dose compliance survey in Estonia K. Kepler, A. Vladimirov Training Centre of Medical Physics, University of Tartu Testing Centre of the University of Tartu, Estonia E-mail:
More informationA COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF DIGITAL DETECTOR SYSTEMS FOR HIGH ENERGY APPLICATIONS
11th European Conference on Non-Destructive Testing (ECNDT 2014), October 6-10, 2014, Prague, Czech Republic More Info at Open Access Database www.ndt.net/?id=16394 A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE PERFORMANCE
More informationRadiographic Testing (RT) [10]
Radiographic Testing (RT) [10] Definition: An NDT method that utilizes x-rays or gamma radiation to detect discontinuities in materials, and to present their images on recording medium. 1> Electromagnetic
More informationDRX Plus Detectors: Going from Good to Great
DRX Plus Detectors: Going from Good to Great Authors: Karin Töpfer, Tim Wojcik Introduction Carestream s introduction in 2009 of the world s first portable, wireless, cassette-sized detector the CARESTREAM
More informationTESTING FLAT-PANEL IMAGING SYSTEMS: What the Medical Physicist Needs to Know. JAMES A. TOMLINSON, M.S., D.A.B.R. Diagnostic Radiological Physicist
TESTING FLAT-PANEL IMAGING SYSTEMS: What the Medical Physicist Needs to Know JAMES A. TOMLINSON, M.S., D.A.B.R. Diagnostic Radiological Physicist Topics Image Uniformity and Artifacts Image Quality - Detail
More informationDISC QC/QA Program for Digital Imaging Systems using the DR Radchex Plus Meter
DISC QC/QA Program for Digital Imaging Systems using the DR Radchex Plus Meter Revision Date: January 5th, 2017 www.disc-imaging.com Table of Contents Section A: Preliminary Setup Requirements... 4 Tools
More information2013 LMIC Imaging Workshop. Sidney L. Shaw Technical Director. - Light and the Image - Detectors - Signal and Noise
2013 LMIC Imaging Workshop Sidney L. Shaw Technical Director - Light and the Image - Detectors - Signal and Noise The Anatomy of a Digital Image Representative Intensities Specimen: (molecular distribution)
More informationPhotostimulable phosphor plates (PSPs)
DIGITAL IMAGING Digital imaging Photostimulable phosphor plates (PSPs) Indirect digital PSPs are composed of a polyester base with a phosphor layer (europium activated barium fluorohalide) on one side.
More informationEssentials of Digital Imaging
Essentials of Digital Imaging Module 1 Transcript 2016 ASRT. All rights reserved. Essentials of Digital Imaging Module 1 Fundamentals 1. ASRT Animation 2. Welcome Welcome to Essentials of Digital Imaging
More informationAcceptance Testing of a Digital Breast Tomosynthesis Unit
Acceptance Testing of a Digital Breast Tomosynthesis Unit 2012 AAPM Spring Clinical Meeting Jessica Clements, M.S., DABR Objectives Review of technology and clinical advantages Acceptance Testing Procedures
More informationThe most Comprehensive, Reliable, Economical and Easy to use GAFCHROMIC film based RT QA system Updated Feb 08 BUSINESS UNIT OF ISP
The most Comprehensive, Reliable, Economical and Easy to use GAFCHROMIC film based RT QA system Updated Feb 08 GAFCHROMIC EBT dosimetry film Designed and optimized for ALL RT procedures Can be cut into
More informationGamex CR 2.0 Program description and operating manual
Gamex CR 2.0 Program description and operating manual Issue No. : 2.0 Date of Issue : Jan. 2013 Z.U.T. NDT SOFT http://www.ndtsoft.eu Copyright (c) 2013 by Z.U.T. NDT SOFT All Rights Reserved Disclaimer
More informationPhoton Counting and Energy Discriminating X-Ray Detectors - Benefits and Applications
19 th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing 2016 Photon Counting and Energy Discriminating X-Ray Detectors - Benefits and Applications David WALTER 1, Uwe ZSCHERPEL 1, Uwe EWERT 1 1 BAM Bundesanstalt
More informationHigh Energy Digital Radiography & 3D-CT for Industrial Systems
DIR 2007 - International Symposium on Digital industrial Radiology and Computed Tomography, June 25-27, 2007, Lyon, France High Energy Digital Radiography & 3D-CT for Industrial Systems Non-Destructive
More informationSmall Animal Radiographic Techniques and Positioning COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL
Small Animal Radiographic Techniques and Positioning COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL Section 1 Theory and Equipment 1 Introduction to Digital Imaging Small animal radiography has changed dramatically in the past
More information7/24/2014. Image Quality for the Radiation Oncology Physicist: Review of the Fundamentals and Implementation. Disclosures. Outline
Image Quality for the Radiation Oncology Physicist: Review of the Fundamentals and Implementation Image Quality Review I: Basics and Image Quality TH-A-16A-1 Thursday 7:30AM - 9:30AM Room: 16A J. Anthony
More informationPre Conference Workshop on Advanced Digital imaging
Pre Conference Workshop on Advanced Digital imaging Uwe Zscherpel, uwez@bam.de BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, Division 8.3 Radiological Methods, Berlin, Germany 1 Content: 1.
More informationA Practical Overview of the Clinical and Operational Impact of Computed Radiography(CR) Implementations. Shirley Weddle, RT(R)(M), CIIP, BBA
A Practical Overview of the Clinical and Operational Impact of Computed Radiography(CR) Implementations Shirley Weddle, RT(R)(M), CIIP, BBA OBJECTIVES Define Computed Radiography (CR) Discuss CR vendor
More informationStandard Practice for Qualification of Radioscopic Systems 1
Designation: 95 An American National Standard Standard Practice for Qualification of Radioscopic Systems 1 This standard is issued under the fixed designation ; the number immediately following the designation
More informationNPTEL NPTEL ONLINE COURSE. NPTEL Online Certification Course (NOC) NPTEL. Theory and Practice of Non Destructive Testing
NPTEL NPTEL ONLINE COURSE NPTEL Online Certification Course (NOC) NPTEL Theory and Practice of Non Destructive Testing Dr. Ranjit Bauri Dept. of Metallurgical & Materials Engineering IIT Madras, Chennai
More information