Inspection and Measurement

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1 Inspection and Measurement Inspection An action to insure what is being manufactured conforms to the specifications by attributes use of gages: go or no-go by variables use of calibrated instruments Measurement An act of measuring by variables, an fundamental activity of inspection Four fundamental measures length (L) time (T) mass (M) temperature (T) ME

2 Length Standard Gage blocks Grade Inches Millimeters Recalibration Period 0.5 (laboratory) 0.000, Annually 1 (laboratory 0.000, Annually 2 (precision) 0.000, Monthly to semiannually 0.000, (working) 0.000, Monthly to quarterly 0.000, ANSI/ASME B89.1 ME

3 Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing Basic: Definition: A numerical value used to describe the theoretically exact size, profile, orientation, or location of a feature of datum target. It is the basis from which permissible variations are established by tolerances in feature control frames or on other dimensions or notes. Example: ME

4 ME

5 ME

6 Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing Datums: Definition: A theoretically exact point, axis, or plane derived from the true geometric counterpart of a specified datum feature. A datum is the origin from which the location or geometric characteristics of features of a part are established. ME

7 Accuracy and Preciseness ME

8 Tolerance Tolerance: Undesirable but permissible deviation from a desired dimension ME

9 Allowance and Tolerance Needed to specify fitting condition of two mating parts Allowance: Intentionally introduced to control the fit Clearance Interference ME

10 Fitting ME

11 Specifying Tolerance and Allowance Specifying tolerance Bilateral Unilateral Limit max min Clearances ANSI standard: 8 classes ISO standard: 18 grades ME

12 Tolerance and Allowance ME

13 Measurement by Vernier Calipers ME

14 Micrometer Caliper ME

15 Laser Interferometer ME

16 Vision System ME

17 Vision system: shape detection ME

18 Laser Triangular Sensor ME

19 Coordinate Measuring Machine(CMM) ME

20 Surface Roughness Measurement DEFINITIONS: Roughness Waviness Lay ME

21 Roughness Measurement R R a q n i1 y i n y y y 2 i n ME

22 Example Surface roughness measurements were taken from the surface and the measured values are shown in Table 1. Determine Ra. Avergage y(i) abs(y(i)) R a y i y n ME

23 Roughness Notation ME

24 Statistical Process Control Frequency Distribution : variance = x 2 x i n 1 x x: mean x= 1 n R : range x x max min ME

25 Quality Control Chart X UCL LCL n i1 X X n i 3 3 i i1 R R X high X low UCL LCL R R n n X X X R R 3 R 3 R R X X ME

26 Process Capabilities C p USL LSL ' 6 ˆ ' ˆ : true standard deviation C pk ' min, USL X LSL X 3 ˆ ' ' ME

27 Thickness, 10-5in Example (Thickness of Disk Grinding) Cycle no. Output Target Thickness Output Output Target LSL USL Cycle no ME

28 Example X ' , 10.1, C pk ' min, min USL X LSL X 3 ˆ ' , min 36.4, ' 1.2 ME

29 Output thickness (10-5 in) Intelligent Control Example Computer Hard Disk Grinding Process 3120 Upper limit Conventional Adaptive Target Lower limit Cycle number ME

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