Geometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing

Transcription

1 Western Technical College Geometric Dimensioning & Tolerancing Course Outcome Summary Course Information Description Career Cluster Instructional Level Total Credits 1.00 Total Hours Recognition and interpretation of geometric dimensioning and tolerances symbols and application as applied to prints for manufacture of parts. Manufacturing Technical Diploma Courses Types of Instruction Instruction Type Lecture Credits/Hours 1 CR / 36 HR Course History Purpose/Goals This course prepares learners to interpret and apply geometric symbols and tolerances found on industrial prints. Target Population This course is targeted toward individuals who would like to learn the fundamentals of geometric dimensioning and tolerancing (GD&T) for manufacturing careers. This course is designed for incumbent workers, displaced workers, workers who would like to improve employability and skills, high school graduates, and individuals in need of application based employer demanded skills. Additionally, this course is designed to help learners meet the requirements for Western Technical College's machine tool technical diploma program and the requirements to earn a "CNC Programmer" certificate as part of a CNC Skills Institute. Pre/Corequisites Pre/Corequis ite Blueprint Reading Textbooks Blueprint Reading for Machine Trades. 7th Edition. Copyright Schultz, Russ. Publisher: Pearson. ISBN-13: Required. Course Outcome Summary - Page 1 of 12

2 Learner Supplies Scientific calculator (recommend T1-36x Solar). Vendor: Campus Shop. Required. Program Outcomes 1. MACH 2. Interpret industrial/engineering drawings Type TSA Status Active Summative 1.1. in a performance demonstration 1.1. Interpret orthographic projections 1.2. Interpret lines, symbols, standards, and notations 1.3. Interpret a Bill of Materials 1.4. Interpret a title block 1.5. Determine location of part features according to established specifications 1.6. Calculate tolerances according to established specifications 1.7. Develop drawings that follow view projection standards 1.8. Interpret Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing Course Competencies 1. Explain the rationale for using geometric dimensioning and tolerancing instead of coordinate dimensioning on engineering drawings. Domain Cognitive Level Understandin g Status Active 1.1. In the classroom, lab, or shop setting 1.2. In written and applied assignments 1.3. Individually and in groups 1.4. On tests and quizzes 1.5. Given examples, prints, and handouts 1.1. learner explains four major consequences of print errors 1.2. learner contributes to class discussion of print reading misinterpretations by describing at least one personal experience 1.3. learner correctly describes the four parts of the ASME GD&T standard 1.4. learner correctly describes the role of ASME 1.5. learner includes the role of the automotive industry and military in description of GD&T standards 1.6. learner correctly describes three major shortcomings of the coordinate tolerancing system 1.7. learner correctly describes a minimum of 8 of the 10 dimensioning rules 1.8. learner correctly explains the five categories for dimensioning rules 1.9. learner provides four accurate definitions of GD&T learner correctly describes a minimum of three benefits of GD&T learner states a minimum of four facts related to GD&T learner describe two common reasons for myths associated with GD&T learner provides three counter arguments to dispel the myth associated with GD&T learner completes all assignments with a minimum of 70% accuracy and turns them in by the specified learner scores a minimum of 70% on tests and quizzes Course Outcome Summary - Page 2 of 12

3 1.a. 1.b. 1.c. 1.d. 1.e. 1.f. 1.g. 1.h. Describe common print reading misinterpretations Identify the ASME dimensioning and tolerancing standard Describe the origins of geometric dimension and tolerancing Describe the major shortcomings of coordinate tolerancing Describe the ASME Fundamental Dimensioning Rules Define Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing (GD&T) Explain the benefits of GD&T Compare GD&T to coordinate dimensioning 2. Define geometric dimensioning and tolerancing terminology Domain Cognitive Level Understandin g Status Active 2.1. In the classroom, lab, or shop setting 2.2. In written and applied assignments 2.3. Individually 2.4. On tests and quizzes 2.1. learner uses correct terminology in classroom and shop conversations and discussions 2.2. learner correctly matches terms to definitions on assignments, quizzes and tests 2.3. learner correctly defines a feature 2.4. learner correctly defines features of size (FOS) 2.5. learner differentiates between FOS and non-fos 2.6. learner correctly defines actual local size 2.7. learner correctly defines two types of mating envelopes 2.8. learner correctly defines two types of material conditions 2.9. learner correctly describes eight modifiers used in GD&T learner correctly describes 14 geometric symbols learner correctly describes the five categories of geometric controls learner correctly defines regardless of feature size (RFS) learner correctly defines terms associated with datums learner correctly defines terms associated with feature control frames learner correctly defines all other basic terms associated with GD&T and industrial prints learner completes all activities with a minimum of 70% accuracy learner scores a minimum of 70% on assignments, tests, and quizzes 2.a. Define basic GD&T terms required to interpret prints 2.b. Describe GD&T modifiers 2.c. Define geometric characteristic categories 2.d. Define geometric characteristic symbols 3. Identify geometric dimensioning and tolerancing symbols Domain Cognitive Level Knowledge Status Active 3.1. In the classroom, lab, or shop setting 3.2. In written and applied assignments 3.3. Individually 3.4. On tests and quizzes 3.5. Given prints, diagrams, and handouts 3.1. learner correctly matches symbols to terms on assignments, quizzes and tests 3.2. learner correctly matches abbreviations to terms on assignments, quizzes, and tests 3.3. learner correctly identifies the four form symbols on prints 3.4. learner correctly identifies the two profile symbols on prints Course Outcome Summary - Page 3 of 12

4 3.5. learner correctly identifies the three orientation symbols on prints 3.6. learner correctly identifies the three location symbols on prints 3.7. learner correctly identifies the two runout symbols on prints 3.8. learner correctly identifies modifiers 3.9. learner correctly identifies datum reference letters learner correctly identifies other ASME Y14.5M symbols and abbreviations on prints learner correctly determines whether print dimensions are FOS or non-fos learner accurately calculates MMC and LMC for print dimensions learner completes all assignments with a minimum of 70% accuracy and turns them in by the specified learner scores a minimum of 70% on tests and quizzes 3.a. Identify form symbols 3.b. Identify profile symbols 3.c. Identify orientation symbols 3.d. Identify location symbols 3.e. Identify runout symbols 3.f. Identify modifiers 3.g. Identify datum reference letters 3.h. Identify other ASME Y14.5M symbols and abbreviations 3.i. Identify maximum and least material conditions for print features 4. Interpret feature control frames Domain Cognitive Level Comprehensi on 4.1. In the classroom, lab, or shop setting 4.2. In written and applied assignments 4.3. Individually 4.4. On tests and quizzes 4.5. Given prints, diagrams, and handouts Status 5. Explain the general rules that apply to geometric dimensioning and tolerancing Course Outcome Summary - Page 4 of 12 Active 4.1. learner correctly labels the compartments in a feature control frame 4.2. learner correctly describes each of the symbols or items in feature control frame compartments 4.3. learner writes accurate explanations of how feature control frames are read 4.4. learner correctly interprets feature control frames in applications 4.5. interpretations describe the relationships to specified datum(s) 4.6. interpretations accurately describe the effect of modifiers on part features or tolerances 4.7. learner correctly interprets feature controls frames for all 14 geometric symbols 4.8. learner correctly interprets feature control frames for each modifier that may occur in a feature control frame 4.9. learner completes all assignments with a minimum of 70% accuracy and turns them in by the specified learner scores a minimum of 70% on tests and quizzes 4.a. Describe the function of a feature control frame 4.b. Identify feature control frames on prints 4.c. Explain the elements of feature control frames 4.d. Determine the placement of symbols and modifiers in feature control frames 4.e. Specify the order of precedence for datum references in feature control frames 4.f. Identify composite feature control frames 4.g. Read feature control frames 4.h. Describe how feature control frame placement affects the application of a geometric control 4.i. Explain feature control frame components in specific applications 4.j. Interpret feature control frames in print applications

5 Domain Cognitive Level Comprehensi on Status Active 5.1. In the classroom, lab, or shop setting 5.2. In written and applied assignments 5.3. Individually 5.4. On tests and quizzes 5.5. Given prints and handouts 5.1. learner accurately describes Rule #1 and Rule # learner correctly states two paraphrased versions of Rule # learner correctly describes the two components of Rule # learner describes two ways to override Rule # learner correctly describes the limitation of Rule # learner explains the exceptions to rule # learner completely describes how to inspect a FOS controlled by Rule # learner writes a complete and accurate description of Rule # learner correctly identifies print dimensions controlled by Rule # learner determines values of boundaries established by Rule # learner completes all assignments with a minimum of 70% accuracy and turns them in by the specified learner scores a minimum of 70% on tests and quizzes 5.a. Explain the general rules in ASME Y14.5M b. Determine when rules apply to print dimensions or part features 5.c. Paraphrase Rule #1 5.d. Describe the components of Rule #1 5.e. Describe how to override Rule #1 5.f. Describe limitations to Rule #1 5.g. Explain the exceptions to Rule #1 5.h. Explain Rule #2 6. Calculate virtual condition and boundary values 6.1. In the classroom, lab, or shop setting 6.2. In written and applied assignments 6.3. Individually 6.4. On tests and quizzes 6.5. Given prints, diagrams, and handouts 6.1. learner accurately describes two reasons basic dimensions are used on prints 6.2. learner correctly locates basic dimensions on prints 6.3. learner accurately and completely writes a description of virtual condition 6.4. learner calculates virtual conditions for features of size 6.5. learner calculates inner and outer boundaries for features of size 6.6. learner accurately and completely explains the concept of bonus tolerances 6.7. learner calculates bonus tolerances for features of size 6.8. learner completes all assignments with a minimum of 70% accuracy and turns them in by the specified 6.9. learner scores a minimum of 70% on tests and quizzes 6.a. Explain the uses for basic dimensions on prints Course Outcome Summary - Page 5 of 12

6 6.b. 6.c. 6.d. 6.e. 6.f. 6.g. 6.h. 6.i. 6.j. 6.k. Identify basic dimensions on prints Describe tolerances that apply to basic dimensions Explain virtual condition Determine inner boundaries Determine outer boundaries Determine worst case boundaries Determine virtual conditions for parts Describe bonus tolerances Explain when bonus tolerances can be applied Determine bonus tolerances 7. Identify datums and datum features 7.1. In the classroom, lab, or shop setting 7.2. Using computers and actual CNC machine tools 7.3. In written and applied assignments 7.4. Individually 7.5. On tests and quizzes 7.6. Given prints, parts, process sheets, specification sheets, and all available shop equipment and supplies 7.1. learner writes an accurate description of datum systems 7.2. learner lists a minimum of three benefits of datum systems 7.3. learner writes and accurate description of implied datums 7.4. learner lists a minimum of four problems that may be associated with implied datums 7.5. learner locates and labels datums on prints 7.6. learner draws datum reference frames for specified parts shown on prints 7.7. learner draws and dimensions datum targets on prints 7.8. learner draws datum feature simulators for given applications 7.9. learner creates a datum feature locator for a given applications datum feature locator is machined to meet GD&T part specifications for inspection learner completes all assignments and projects with a minimum of 70% accuracy and turns them in by the specified learner scores a minimum of 70% on tests and quizzes 7.a. Describe datum systems 7.b. List the benefits of datum systems 7.c. Describe implied datums 7.d. Explain problems associated with implied datums 7.e. Identify datums on prints 7.f. Explain the datum reference frame the function when locating parts 7.g. Explain the rule 7.h. Describe datum targets and symbols 7.i. Describe datum target applications and requirements 7.j. Interpret feature of size datum specifications 7.k. Draw datum feature locators for various applications 7.l. Create a datum feature locator gage or fixture 8. Interpret tolerances of form 8.1. In the classroom, lab, or shop setting 8.2. In written and applied assignments 8.3. Individually and in groups 8.4. On tests and quizzes 8.5. Given prints, parts, handouts, and all available shop equipment and supplies Course Outcome Summary - Page 6 of 12

7 8.1. learner accurately describes straightness 8.2. learner accurately describes flatness 8.3. learner accurately describes circularity 8.4. learner accurately describes cylindricity 8.5. learner uses a flow chart to determine the legality of form controls as shown in feature control frames 8.6. learner correctly calculates surface error for flatness in specific applications 8.7. learner determines if straightness controls are applied to features of size or surfaces 8.8. learner correctly calculates straightness error for specific applications 8.9. learner correctly calculates circularity error for specific applications learner correctly calculates cylindricity error for specific applications learner draws and dimensions gages for inspecting straightness learner correctly calculates bonus tolerances and allowable tolerances learner demonstrates the correct procedure for inspecting straightness of a part learner demonstrates the correct procedure for inspecting flatness of a part learner demonstrates the correct procedure for inspecting circularity of a part learner demonstrates the correct procedure for inspecting the cylindricity of a part learner completes all assignments with a minimum of 70% accuracy and turns them in by the specified learner scores a minimum of 70% on tests and quizzes 8.a. Describe straightness as it applies to part inspection 8.b. Describe flatness as it applies to part inspection 8.c. Describe circularity as it applies to part inspection 8.d. Describe cylindricity as it applies to part inspection 8.e. Describe tolerance zones for each of the four form controls 8.f. Determine the legality of form control specifications for given conditions 8.g. Describe the procedures for inspecting form controls 8.h. Calculate form control errors 8.i. Interpret each of the form controls in specific applications 9. Interpret tolerances of orientation 9.1. In the classroom, lab, or shop setting 9.2. In written and applied assignments 9.3. Individually and in groups 9.4. On tests and quizzes 9.5. Given prints, parts, handouts, and all available shop equipment and supplies 9.1. learner accurately describes perpendicularity 9.2. learner accurately describes angularity 9.3. learner accurately describes parallelism 9.4. learner correctly describes the size and shape of tolerance zones for perpendicularity controls applied to parts 9.5. learner correctly describes the size and shape of tolerance zones for angularity controls applied to parts 9.6. learner correctly describe the size and shape of tolerance zones for parallelism controls applied to parts 9.7. learner correctly lists three conditions that exist when a perpendicularity control is applied to a surface 9.8. learner correctly describes three conditions that exist when a perpendicularity control is applied to a FOS 9.9. learner correctly explains the conditions that apply when multiple datums are used with a perpendicularity control learner correctly lists three conditions that exist when an angularity control is applied to a surface learner correctly describes three conditions that exist when an angularity control is applied to a FOS learner correctly lists three conditions that exist when a parallelism control is applied to a surface Course Outcome Summary - Page 7 of 12

8 9.13. learner correctly describes three conditions that exist when a parallelism control is applied to a FOS learner applies orientation controls to drawings per limit specifications learner uses a flow chart to determine the legality of orientation controls as shown in feature control frames learner demonstrates the correct procedure for inspecting perpendicularity of a part learner demonstrates the correct procedure for inspecting angularity of a part learner demonstrates the correct procedure for inspecting parallelism of a part learner completes all assignments with a minimum of 70% accuracy and turns them in by the specified learner scores a minimum of 70% on tests and quizzes 9.a. Describe perpendicularity as it applies to part inspection 9.b. Describe angularity as it applies to part inspection 9.c. Describe parallelism as it applies to part inspection 9.d. Describe tolerance zones for each of the three orientation controls 9.e. Describe the most common perpendicularity applications 9.f. Explain how perpendicularity may affect flatness or the WCB of a FOS 9.g. Explain the conditions that apply when a perpendicularity control is applied to a surface 9.h. Explain the conditions that apply when a perpendicularity control contains two datum planes 9.i. Describe the most common applications of a angularity control 9.j. Explain the conditions that apply when an angularity control is applied to a surface 9.k. Explain the conditions that apply when an angularity control is applied to a diameter 9.l. Explain how angularity may affect flatness or the WCB of a FOS 9.m. Describe the most common applications of a parallelism control 9.n. Explain the conditions that apply when a parallelism control is applied to a surface 9.o. Explain the conditions that apply when a parallelism control is applied to a diameter 9.p. Describe the procedures for inspecting orientation controls 9.q. Determine the legality of orientation control specifications for given conditions 9.r. Interpret each of the orientation controls in specific applications 10. Interpret tolerances of location In the classroom, lab, or shop setting In written and applied assignments Individually and in groups On tests and quizzes Given prints, parts, handouts, and all available shop equipment and supplies learner writes an accurate description of the concept of true position learner writes an accurate description of tolerance of position learner correctly describes the shape and size of tolerance zones for specific applications shown on part prints learner correctly lists six advantages of tolerance of position learner correctly lists four relationships that can be controlled with tolerance of position learner correctly lists three conditions that exist when an MMC modifier is used with a tolerance of position control learner calculates maximum permissible bonus and datum shifts for specific applications shown on part prints learner applies locational controls to drawings per tolerance specifications learner calculates tolerance zones for specific applications shown on part prints learner draws tolerance zones on part prints for specific applications learner demonstrates the correct procedure for inspecting tolerances of location for parts learner writes an accurate description of tolerance stacks learner accurately calculates tolerance stacks for specific applications shown on part prints learner uses the floating fastener formula to calculate position tolerance values for specific applications Course Outcome Summary - Page 8 of 12

9 shown on part prints learner writes an accurate description of concentricity learner writes an accurate description of symmetry learner describes the shape and size of tolerance zones for concentricity in specific applications learner completes a chart that differentiates concentricity and runout concepts learner demonstrates the correct procedure for inspecting concentricity of parts learner demonstrates the correct procedure for inspecting symmetry of parts learner describes the shape and size of tolerance zones for symmetry in specific applications learner uses a flow chart to determine the legality of locational controls as shown in feature control frames learner completes all assignments with a minimum of 70% accuracy and turns them in by the specified learner scores a minimum of 70% on tests and quizzes 10.a. Describe true position as it relates to part detail locations 10.b. Explain tolerance of position control 10.c. Describe tolerance zones for tolerance of position applications 10.d. Determine WCB of features of size controlled by tolerance of position 10.e. Describe the conditions that apply when a MMC modifier is used with a tolerance of position control 10.f. Describe the procedure for inspecting tolerance of position applications 10.g. Explain tolerance stack 10.h. Calculate tolerance stacks using tolerance of position 10.i. Explain floating fastener assemblies 10.j. Apply the floating fastener assembly formula to specified applications 10.k. Relate true position to part print specifications 10.l. Determine the legality of locational control specifications for given conditions 10.m. Describe concentricity as it applies to part inspection 10.n. Describe symmetry as it applies to part inspection 10.o. Differentiate between runout and concentricity 10.p. Describe the procedure for inspecting symmetry 10.q. Describe the procedure for inspecting concentricity 10.r. Interpret each of the location controls in specific applications 11. Interpret tolerances of runout In the classroom, lab, or shop setting In written and applied assignments Individually and in groups On tests and quizzes Given prints, parts, handouts, and all available shop equipment and supplies learner accurately describes circular runout learner accurately describes total runout learner uses a flow chart to determine the legality of runout controls as shown in feature control frames learner correctly lists three methods for establishing a datum axis for a runout specification learner correctly describes three types of part errors circular runout may affect learner correctly describes four types of part errors that a total runout control may affect learner accurately calculates maximum axis offset for specific applications shown on part prints learner correctly describes the shape and size of tolerance zones for circular runout for specific applications learner correctly describes the shape and size of tolerance zones for total runout for specific applications learner accurately calculates runout tolerance stacks for specific applications learner correctly completes a concept comparison chart for circular runout and total runout controls learner adds controls to part prints for specific runout applications learner demonstrates the correct procedure for inspecting total runout of a part Course Outcome Summary - Page 9 of 12

10 learner demonstrates the correct procedure for inspecting circular runout of a part learner completes all assignments with a minimum of 70% accuracy and turns them in by the specified learner scores a minimum of 70% on tests and quizzes 11.a. Describe circular runout as it applies to part inspection 11.b. Describe total runout as it applies to part inspection 11.c. Describe tolerance zones for each of the two runout controls 11.d. Describe the methods for establishing a datum axis for a runout specification 11.e. Describe the conditions that apply in specified circular runout applications 11.f. Describe the conditions that apply in specified total runout applications 11.g. Compare circular runout and total runout 11.h. Determine the legality of runout control specifications for given conditions 11.i. Describe the procedures for inspecting runout on parts 11.j. Calculate tolerance stacks using runout 11.k. Interpret circular runout for given applications 11.l. Interpret total runout for given applications 12. Interpret tolerances of profile In the classroom, lab, or shop setting In written and applied assignments Individually and in groups On tests and quizzes Given prints, parts, handouts, and all available shop equipment and supplies learner accurately describes profile of a surface learner accurately describes profile of a line learner accurately describes true profile learner uses a flow chart to determine the legality of profile controls as shown in feature control frames learner correctly lists four part characteristics that profile affects learner describes three advantages of using profile controls learner interprets feature control frames for profile of a surface for part print applications learner interprets feature control frames for profile of a line for part print applications learner correctly describes the shape and size of tolerance zones for profiles for specific applications learner accurately calculates profile stacks for specific applications learner adds controls to part prints for specific profile applications learner demonstrates the correct procedure for inspecting profile of a surface on a part learner demonstrates the correct procedure for inspecting profile of a line on a part learner accurately calculates tolerance stacks for profile applications learner completes all assignments with a minimum of 70% accuracy and turns them in by the specified learner scores a minimum of 70% on tests and quizzes 12.a. Describe profile of a surface as it applies to part inspection 12.b. Describe profile of a line as it applies to part inspection 12.c. Describe tolerance zones for each of the two profile controls 12.d. Describe true profile 12.e. Describe the part characteristics that a profile control can be used to control 12.f. Describe the advantages of profile tolerancing over coordinate tolerancing 12.g. Describe common applications for profile of a surface controls 12.h. Describe the conditions that apply in specified profile of a surface applications 12.i. Describe the conditions that apply in specified profile of a line applications 12.j. Determine the legality of profile control 12.k. Describe the procedures for inspecting profiles on parts Course Outcome Summary - Page 10 of 12

11 12.l. 12.m. 12.n. Calculate tolerance stacks using profile Interpret profile of a surface for given applications Interpret profile of a line for given applications 13. Adapt geometric dimensioning and tolerancing principles to machine setup applications. Domain Cognitive Level Applying Status Active In the classroom, lab, or shop setting In written and applied assignments Individually and in groups On tests and quizzes Given prints, parts, handouts, and all available shop equipment and supplies learner analyzes a minimum of three prints with GD&T controls for turned parts learner analyzes a minimum of three prints with GD&T controls for milled parts learner works with a team to determine inspection methods learner works with a team to come to a consensus on appropriate machining methods learner contributes to team discussion and decision making process learner completes machining plans for six analyzed prints with input from team machining plans document all processes and decision criteria learner completes inspection plans for six analyzed prints with input from team inspection plans list all inspection devices and equipment required inspection plans are complete, accurate, and document decision criteria learner scores a minimum of 70% on collaborative team work rubric criteria learner completes all assignments with a minimum of 70% accuracy and turns them in by the specified learner scores a minimum of 70% on tests and quizzes 13.a. Analyze prints for parts that can be manufactured in CNC turning centers 13.b. Analyze prints for parts that can be manufactured in CNC machining centers 13.c. Discuss inspection methods for completed parts 13.d. Discuss machining methods to achieve specified tolerances 13.e. Work in a team setting to make decisions 13.f. Create machining plans 13.g. Create inspection plans 14. Identify inspection tools and techniques for parts using geometric dimensioning and tolerancing principles. Domain Cognitive Level Analyzing Status Active In the classroom, lab, or shop setting In written and applied assignments Individually and in groups On tests and quizzes Given prints, parts, fixtures, handouts, inspection sheets, and all available shop equipment and supplies learner analyzes a minimum of two turned parts learner analyzes a minimum of two milled parts learner analyzes a minimum of two fixtures for milled parts learner compares the relationships between fixtures and parts for a minimum of two applications learner calculates clearance and interference limits between fixtures and mating parts learner calculates MMC and LMC for mating parts learner works cooperatively with a team to determine possible modifications to fixture design Course Outcome Summary - Page 11 of 12

12 14.8. learner works cooperatively with a team to determine appropriate GD&T controls to apply to the part print to ensure part quality learner works with a team to create modified fixture drawings with GD&T controls learner completes a report template to document all changes to original part print learner completes report templates that document the rationale for changes to the fixture design learner scores a minimum of 70% on collaborative team work rubric criteria learner completes all assignments with a minimum of 70% accuracy and turns them in by the specified learner scores a minimum of 70% on tests and quizzes 14.a. Analyze part quality from print specifications 14.b. Calculate MMC and LMC 14.c. Recommend print corrections to conform to GD&T standards 14.d. Design fixtures for part inspection. 14.e. Develop procedures for part inspection. 14.f. Select inpection tools. 15. Analyze engineering drawings that use GD&T principles. Domain Cognitive Level Analyzing Status WIP 15.a. Identify GD&T symbols. 15.b. Interpret feature control frames. 15.c. Identify datums and datum features. Course Outcome Summary - Page 12 of 12