Medium (Plural = Media) = The material used to create a work of art. (Ex: paint, pencil, clay, wood, words, sounds) Different media produce different

Transcription

1 Media and Process

2 Medium (Plural = Media) = The material used to create a work of art. (Ex: paint, pencil, clay, wood, words, sounds) Different media produce different kinds of images or works of art. Process = The method used to create a work of art. (Ex: painting, drawing, sculpting, writing, making music)

3 Medium: Process Paint: Painting Pencil: Drawing Clay, Wood: Sculpting Words: Writing Sound: Music

4 Drawing Printmaking Painting Photography/Video Sculpture Craft Arts Architecture Design

5 Drawing - History - Dry Media - Wet Media - Innovative Drawing

6 Drawing = the result of an implement running over a surface and leaving some trace of the gesture. Drawing is the most basic artistic means of conveying information. The oldest trick in the book. Two-Dimensional

7 Earliest drawings = Cave drawings by pre-historic man Hunting patterns for animals Story telling Sacred or spiritual significance gods, ancestors, burial grounds, powerful forces in nature.

8 Paper

9 Papyrus = Paper made of pounded papyrus plants invented by Egyptians in 4000 BCE Parchment = Paper made from dried animal skins used by Romans and other civilizations in the Mediterranean area around 200 BCE. Rag Paper (as we know it) was originally made of pounded cloth rags. From the 18 th century onward, paper was made from wood pulp. On an industrial scale, we still make paper from wood pulp today. Specially Cotton rag paper is still made for artists.

10 Rag Paper Invented in China, 200 BCE Introduced to the Muslim world in the 8 th century (~700 CE). Introduced to the Western world, specifically Italy, in the 13 th century (~1200 CE)

11 Availability of paper during the Renaissance gave artists more opportunity to: - work out ideas before painting. - keep their drawings. Leonardo da Vinci, Study of the Shoulder and Neck,

12 Sketchbook by Stuart Ruel

13 Drawing eventually came to embody the soul of an artist one could recognize the progress of an artist s thinking. Drawings were visual evidence of creative genius, a direct depiction of the artists imagination at work. This became the case as the value of creative thought in other fields mathematics, science, music became more important during the Renaissance.

14 Advancement of human knowledge: convey very complex information. Anatomy = The study of human and animal bodies. Drawing became increasingly important and tied to medical advances. Botany = A branch of biology: the study of plants. Drawing was very important in the medical field and understanding our environment. Cartography = The science of drawing maps. Drawing was important for travel, exploration, discovery, and the development of trade routes, railroads, and eventually highways.

15 Binder Binder = any material added to an art medium that holds the medium together. More binder = Harder medium Lighter line/color Stronger medium Less binder = Softer medium Darker line/color Delicate medium Examples of binders: Gum Arabic, Wax, and Clay Media that need binders are: Chalk, Pastel, Graphite, and Ink Media that sometimes does not need a binder: Charcoal

16 Dry Media Chalk, Pastel, Charcoal, Graphite

17 Chalk = Natural minerals (hematite, soapstone, and shale) + gum arabic (binder). Create volumetric shape by blending lighter and darker areas together. Used a lot during the Renaissance. Chalk

18 Pastel Pastel = Chalk + Pigment (color) + Binder

19 Gestural lines Direct immediacy in application Bold colors Many artists build up layers of colors by using a fixative for every new layer Mary Cassatt, Young Mother, Daughter, and Son, Pastel on Paper, 43 ¼ x 33 ¼ in, 1913.

20 Charcoal Charcoal = Burnt wood (sometimes a binder like gum arabic is used too). Create volumetric shape by blending lighter and darker areas together

21 Compressed Charcoal Compressed charcoal is shaped into a block or form of a stick. Gum or wax is the binder.

22 Vine Charcoal Vine charcoal are long and thin piece of charcoal stick that are the result of burning sticks or vines in a kiln without air. The removable properties of vine charcoal from dusting and erasing is favored by artists for making preliminary sketches or basic composition.

23 Blending of light and dark areas True sense of volume Expressive, direct Wide range of value Georgia O Keeffe, Banana Flower, Charcoal and black chalk on paper, 21¾ x 14¾ in, 1933

24 Graphite Graphite = Soft carbon (similar to coal) Pencil = Graphite + Clay (binder) enclosed in a cylinder of wood

25 Vija Celmins, Untitled (Ocean), Graphite on acrylic ground on paper, 14 1/8 x 18 7/8 inches, 1970 Photo-realistic graphite drawing Used pencils of differing hardness for each drawing to show the full potential of the medium.

26 Chuck Close, Self Portrait,

27 Wet (Liquid) Media Pen and Ink Brush and Wash/Ink

28 Pen and Ink Ink = Pigment + liquid binder. Quickly render light and shadow by drawing with undiluted (dark) or diluted (light) ink Variation in line and visual texture Fast, expressive

29 Miguel Endara Hero, 2011 Ink on paper, 11 x 17 inches Making of Hero

30 Brush and Ink/Wash Wash = Diluted ink Defines volume and form by adding shadow Visual pattern of light and dark elements, makes a drawing more dynamic Immediacy, spontaneity Expressive line thin, thick, thin Artist has lots of control of brush

31 Extremely versatile Brushes come in a wide variety of materials, textures, and shapes. These create different effects.

32 Impressive grayscale Thick and thin lines Visual texture of fabric, skin, hair Elisabetta Sirani, The Holy Family with a Kneeling Monastic Saint, Pen and brown ink, black chalk, on paper, 10 3/8 x 7 3/8 in, 1660.

33 Thick and thin contour lines Quick, gestural Modernism = liberation from tradition Jean Dubuffet, Corps de Dame, Pen, reed pen, and ink, 10 5/8 x 8 3/8 in, 1950

34 Innovative Drawing Change media, surface, or process Decision can be made out of necessity or can be related to concept.

35 Media Use alternative materials to make lines Matisse used scissors to make lines he cut out shapes and collaged them Immediacy Playful Intuitive Henri Matisse, Venus, Paper collage on canvas, 39 7/8 x 30 1/8 in, 1952

36 Cai Guo-Qiang uses fireworks for drawing Video of Cai Guo- Qiang s explosion drawings Cai Guo-Qiang Drawing for a Transient Rainbow 2003 Gunpowder on two sheets of paper 179 x inches

37 Surface Draw on alternative surfaces, such as a wall Whitfield Lovell, Whispers from the Walls, Mixed-media installation, varying dimensions, 1999

38 Process Create a sequential narrative: animated films, comics, and graphic novels Marjane Satrapi, page from Kim Wilde chapter in Persepolis, Ink on paper, 16 6/16 x 11 11/16 in, 2001.

39 William Kentridge Ann Hamilton Video: Ghost a Border Act