Friedrich Wilhelm zu Pferde

Transcription

1 TRANSLATION LINKS 1. type into your browser... english+italian+glossary+nautical terms 2. utilise the translation dictionary Nautical Terms & Expressions from Euromodel website An interpretive build of the Friedrich Wilhelm zu Pferde 17 th. Century German Frigate Launched 1684 Checked the Essential Resource Information File? Scale 1:48 05.HULL CONSTRUCTION August 2018 My interpretive build is based on the supplied drawings, the kit material and an amount of extra material. This work only illustrates how this ship might be built.the level of complexity chosen is up to the individual This resource information was based on the original text supplied by Euromodel and then expanded in detail as the actual ship was constructed by the author, Peter Coward. Neither the author or Euromodel have any commercial interest in this information and it is published on the Euromodel web site in good faith for other persons who may wish to build this ship. Euromodel does not accept any responsibility for the contents that follow. 1

2 This is NOT an instructional manual but illustrates my own interpretation based on the drawings and the supplied kit. Additional material used was dictated by my own personal choices. Greater simplification would be achieved by using the material as it is supplied. Reference Texts Historic Ship Models by Wolfram zu Mondfeld (1989) Seventeenth Century Rigging by R.C. Anderson (1955) [almost a complete copy of his earlier book The Rigging of Ships in the Days of the Spritsail Topmast, (1927) ] The Construction and Fitting of the English Man of War by Peter Goodwin (1984) The Masting and Rigging of English Ships of War by James Lee (1984). Growing Specific Shapes 2

3 [To navigate through the contents use control + click ] Contents RECENT CHANGES TO MANUAL... 6 Chapter 1: UPPER QUARTER DECK... 7 Deck Fixing... 7 Planking... 7 Deck Beam... 7 Mizzen Mast Collar... 8 Hatchway & Ladder... 8 Chapter 2: POOP DECK... 9 Drawing Analysis Illustration of Overview Measuring the Drawings Portico (verandah/ porch) Bulkhead C Deck Beam General Discussion - Transom Above Curved Poop Deck Chapter 3: FORECASTLE DECK Deck Support Planking Deck Beam Chapter 4: QUARTER GALLERIES Drawing Overview Construction Overview Gallery Carving Upper Section Central Section Lower Section Chapter 5: TRANSOM Carvings Carving A Carving B Carving C Horseman Painting the Horseman Portraits by Van der Welde Carving the Horseman Stern Ornamentation... Error! Bookmark not defined. Ship s Lantern... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3

4 Illustrations [The figures below are not hyperlinked] Figure 1: Deck Joint... 7 Figure 2: Upper Quarter Deck Beam Construction... 7 Figure 3: Hatchway & Ladder for Upper Quarter Deck... 8 Figure 4: Non-Curved Poop Decks... 9 Figure 5: Poop Deck Curvature Figure 6: Poop Deck Height (sides) Figure 7: Poop Deck Height (centre-line) Figure 8: Illustrating the Drawings Figure 9: Poop Deck (drawing) Figure 10: Curved Forward Edge Figure 11: Plywood Pieces in Position; Not Fixed Figure 12: Curved Poop Deck Heights Figure 13: Laminated Portico Doors Figure 14: Portico Completed Figure 15: Bulkhead C Planks Overlapping Figure 16: Poop Deck Beam Figure 17: Transom Height at Mid-Line Figure 18: Transom Capping Figure 19: Forecastle Deck Support Figure 20: Forecastle Deck Beam Figure 21: Gallery Side View Figure 22: Curvature of Block A Figure 23: Quarter Gallery Variations Figure 24: Quarter Gallery - Wale Relationship Figure 25: Gallery Sections Figure 26: Blank Upper Gallery Port Piece Figure 27: Back View, Upper Gallery Port Piece Figure 28:Underside View, Upper Gallery Port Piece Figure 29: Stern View, Upper Gallery Port Piece Figure 30: Carved Planks on Port Upper Section Figure 31: Temporary Shape Determination Figure 32: Gallery Central Piece Figure 33: Block Dimensions (excess sizing) Figure 34: Lower Height Relationships on the Transom Figure 35: Underneath Surface Figure 36: Top Surface Figure 37: Back Surface Figure 38: Top Gallery Sections Fixed Figure 39: Lower Quarter Gallery Section Bulge Figure 40: Curving the Aft Surface of Lower Gallery Figure 41: Lower Gallery Section Alternative Figure 42: Carving Areas Figure 43: Transom Overall View Figure 44: Piece A

5 Figure 45: Quarter Gallery and Carving A Joint Figure 46: Filler Mixture Figure 47: Carving A Figure 48: Piece B Figure 49: Deck Surface Correlation Figure 50:Carving B above Deck Surface Figure 51: Aft View of Carving B Figure 52: Top View of Carving B Figure 53: Carving B Fixed in Place Figure 54: Carving B Figure 55: Piece C Figure 56: Carving C - Another Build Figure 57: Block for Carving 'C' Figure 58: Extensive Variations on the Transom Figure 59: Carving C Figure 60: Recessed Window Figure 61: Window Behind Carving C Figure 62: Friedrich Wilhelm (reference source unknown) Figure 63: Over-Painting for the Painted Horseman Figure 64: Two Large Ships From the Brandeburg Navy Figure 65: Transom of a French Naval Ship Figure 66: Transom of a Dutch Naval Ship Figure 67: A Carved Horseman Figure 68: Forming a Three-Dimensional FigureFigure 67: A Carved Horseman Figure 68: Forming a Three-Dimensional Figure Figure 69: Figurine Cut From the BoardFigure 68: Forming a Three-Dimensional Figure Figure 69: Figurine Cut From the Board Figure 70: Initial Painting of the HorsemanFigure 69: Figurine Cut From the Board Figure 70: Initial Painting of the Horseman

6 RECENT CHANGES TO MANUAL August 2018 Editing of the file contents for transom build and its carvings Addition of metal ornamentation on stern 6

7 Chapter 1: UPPER QUARTER DECK Deck Fixing An overlapping joining piece (Fig. 1) underneath the two deck halves is essential forward of Frame 8 due to the steep curvature of the deck failure to do this makes it virtually impossible to produce a uniform deck surface. Figure 1: Deck Joint Planking Due to the short length of the Upper Quarter Deck, there was no need to adopt the planking system of the other decks. Deck Beam The construction was a little convoluted wished to give some depth to the beam away from the bulkhead underneath and Fig. 2 illustrates what was done but many approaches possible. Scrap timber is required for this feature. deck planking beam plywood base bulkhead 2 x 2 mm. packing strips Figure 2: Upper Quarter Deck Beam Construction 7

8 Mizzen Mast Collar The Mizzen Mast fitting and alignment was checked before constructing the collar from some scrap material and reduced to a thickness of 1.9 mm. The forward and stern ends of the actual hole were slightly tapered to allow for the mast inclination. Hatchway & Ladder The coaming (outer frame) was constructed from 1 x 2 mm. scrap timber to fit around the hole provided. As discussed in FW.04, the railing composition can vary enormously between different builds. The comments for newel and rail construction for the Upper Quarter Deck can be found in the Hatchway & Ladder section for the Quarter Deck. Interestingly, Fig. 3 shows an orientation for the ladder which is different to that in the drawings. Just another example how variations can intentionally or otherwise creep in! Figure 3: Hatchway & Ladder for Upper Quarter Deck 8

9 Chapter 2: POOP DECK Common Construction Method Euromodel made a sensible decision to provide the shaped plywood Poop Deck piece as a means to produce a flat deck which then avoids many problems. The flat deck is the easiest approach for the average ship builder who is working with a kit construction. In Fig. 4, the photos illustrate a typical flat Poop Deck! Interestingly, there are quite a few variations between these two photos (e.g. height of transom, steps on inclined bulkhead, portico missing) Figure 4: Non-Curved Poop Decks Alternative Method: A curved Poop Deck and an inclining bulkhead in the drawings when combined together present problems and would require a larger plywood piece (or adding on to aft edge of the piece provided in the kit) as well as greater skill levels in fitting the pieces together. This build was based on an individual interpretation and serves to highlight one possible approach. It was decided to go with the curved deck. 9

10 Drawing Analysis This section is only valid if not following Euromodel s suggestion of a flat deck. Careful examination of Plan Sheets 2 and 12 show the Poop Deck having... a distinct curvature from the mid-line to the sides i.e. athwartships, to use the nautical jargon (Fig. 5) Figure 5: Poop Deck Curvature roughtree rail planksheer beam deck beam (shaded blue, Fig. 6) is shown level with the planksheer indicating that either side the deck abuts just below the planksheer. Figure 6: Poop Deck Height (sides) at the forward edge,the mid-line is slightly above the roughtree rail height (Fig. 7) Figure 7: Poop Deck Height (centre-line) In summary, the surface of the Poop Deck... a. is curved athwartships b. on either side, edge follows the line of the planksheer. 10

11 Illustration of Overview Fig. 7 height of bulkhead & inclination towards stern Fig. 5 bulkhead curvature Figure 8: Illustrating the Drawings Fig. 6 allowance for deck thickness to bring up to level of planksheer Plan Sheet 2 shows the forward edge of the Poop Deck as a straight line (Fig. 9). Figure 9: Poop Deck (drawing) The problem is that the bulkhead underneath has a curved top edge and when this is inclined backwards (towards the stern), then the edge presented is no longer straight but curved. This then means that the forward edge of the deck is in fact curved and not straight as shown in Fig. 9. Fig. 10 illustrates the above comment. However, in order to do this, I used a larger scrap piece of plywood I had in the scrap box. extra length added The supplied piece could be used but... extension piece added at the stern end. width is reduced considerably (huge excess) 5 mm. scrap plywood maintains maximun height required along mid-line Figure 10: Curved Forward Edge deck edge fits under planksheer edge 11

12 bulkhead piece is totally flat! Figure 11: Plywood Pieces in Position; Not Fixed Measuring the Drawings Given that the supplied plywood transom was 5 mm. thick (blue in Fig. 12), it was placed in the centre of the transom drawing leaving 1 mm. thickness either side. All measurements were taken from the foreward edge of the blue shaded area the centre of the drawing inner planking. 27 mm. approx. 25 mm. approx. 28 mm. Figure 12: Curved Poop Deck Heights 12

13 Portico (verandah/ porch) The same build notes apply to a flat Poop Deck except that the door height would be shorter. There are a varied number of choices possible for the double door construction (refer back to Fig. 4) but the drawings for the doors were copied and that was not the simplest pathway. Two pieces of scrap plywood were laminated with some 0.5 x 4 mm. planking strips. Figure 13: Laminated Portico Doors angled wooden block underneath: width = combined width of two doors. 2 x 2 mm. strips glued either side of doors Figure 14: Portico Completed Bulkhead C Fig. 4 shows different approaches to the appearance of this bulkhead. One photo shows planks laid flat with edges touching and the other shows just the plain plywood surface but again, the intent of the drawings was followed overlapping planks. Figure 15: Bulkhead C Planks Overlapping 13

14 Deck Beam This is the point where producing the curved deck poses a problem. The beam must be on a curve and this 6.0 mm. wide timber had to be carved out of a strip 13 mm. wide! Figure 16: Poop Deck Beam General Discussion - Transom Above Curved Poop Deck 2.0 x 8.5 mm. 4 mm. Again, there are various approaches to this part of the construction. Fig. 4 provides some ideas, neither of which conform to the drawings but they may make life easier! Fig. 17 shows that the maximum height of the transom is only 4 mm. above the curved Poop Deck at the mid-line, so some significant cutting Figure 17: Transom Height at Mid-Line down of the provided plywood transom was needed. If the flat deck is being used, then the height above the deck will be greater! There is also a capping above the transom wall that forms a supporting ledge for some of the metal ornaments. However, this extends out (broken red arrows in Fig. 18) past the hull profile on each side and so this was better left until later in the construction when the transom decorations were being put in position. Figure 18: Transom Capping Refer to Chapter 5 for a detailed commentary on this construction. 14

15 Chapter 3: FORECASTLE DECK Deck Support two additional strips of timber underneath to support each side a curved beam at the aft end edge Before installation the four inaccessible gun carriages needed to be fixed in position before adding the deck. side supporting strip underneath supporting piece underneath inaccessible gun carriage supporting beam Figure 19: Forecastle Deck Support Planking Due to the short length of the Upper Quarter Deck, there was no need to adopt the planking system of the longer Quarter and Main Decks and again the planks were all of the same continuous length. Deck Beam Whilst the actual beam had already been fixed in place, overlying strips were now added to give a better visual impression of the beam (Fig. 19 vs. Fig. 20). The plans give detailed data for the enthusiast to construct capstans typical of this era. This is what I produced but in fairness to the kit material, I have left those details out [if you wish to see what I did, please contact the Euromodel Helpdesk]. Figure 20: Forecastle Deck Beam 15

16 Chapter 4: QUARTER GALLERIES Drawing Overview Euromodel supplies a 50 x 60 x 180 mm. block of limewood for carving these two galleries. Plan Sheet 12 gives an indication as to how this block should be subdivided. This wood is relatively easy to carve but its difference in colour to walnut will make it necessary to paint over or at the very least, stain a wood colour. There again, that may not be an issue if it is decided to plank over the carving instead of the additional carving to simulate the planking as shown in the drawings! American walnut was chosen (which is similar in texture and colour to the kitsupplied walnut - and considerably cheaper than European walnut ) and carved the planking surface. 90 Whether you divide the block as suggested or not, be aware of the angles particularly of Block B that contains the window opening. 60 The galleries appeared to exhibit a slight curvature (bluedashed line in Fig. 21) through the mid-section but this was ignored. Figure 21: Gallery Side View The upper and lower sections of each quarter gallery are separated by a ledge as seen in Fig. 22. This consists of a number of strips and here many builders have utilized widely differing approaches. The choice is yours. In this build, a separate flat piece was inserted between the two halves. What was not clear from the drawings was the carving addition across the stern between the lower sections of the galleries. Fig. 24 (repeated opposite) illustrates what can be done but does not reflect exactly what was decided upon. This extra piece seems often to be ignored or omitted from the various builds seen. Refer to the next page. Figure 22: Curvature of Block A Many builders have successfully avoided building this slight protuberance so it is obvious that different interpretations can be made. 16

17 Construction Overview P Plan Sheet 14 shows a series of diagrams intended to illustrate the method of construction for the galleries. The outcomes seen are as variable as the builders themselves who have utilised their imaginations and different skill levels to decipher the drawings. The following photos of quarter galleries are taken from various builds... that with a planked gallery roof is denoted by P ; the others appear to be carved to simulate planking. The photo to the immediate right illustrates a different approach by one builder - a slightly raised section across the transom (inside yellow broken line). Figure 23: Quarter Gallery Variations There is a double 2 x 2 mm. wale continuous with the top edge of the quarter gallery. The reason for its absence in many builds is probably due to the fact that these upper wales are not provided in the kit and are seen as an additional feature that the ship builder could add. The line of this wale is a strong indicator for the gallery inclination and positioning so even if they are not added, the concept of where the wale would go is a useful guide. The 2 x 2 mm. wale strips were included in this build. Figure 24: Quarter Gallery - Wale Relationship 17

18 Gallery Carving Upper Section Two different methods of creating the ornamental strips could be identified that go along the longitudinal centre line of the galleries (apart from leaving them out altogether). Alternative 1: Leave the block dimensions as shown and glue a strip(s) on the surface for the middle section separating the upper and lower parts of the gallery. This seems to be the implication in the drawings. Alternative 2: Cutting the block into an upper and lower section [the upper section was not cut into three parts as the drawing shows]. The upper section being cut to a minimum height of 30 mm. and finished to 23.5 mm. either side of the window opening (Fig. 25 below). The curved central section behind the window section was 27 mm. in height. The narrower height for the upper section allowed for insertion of the central ornamentation strips which in my build was made from one piece 10mm. thickness. From this a section was carved a little different to that shown in the drawings (Figs ). Some may choose not to carve this separate middle section but the interpretation of Plan Sheet 10 drawings suggested that it was an easier method than carving strips out of the total block. thickness of upper section thickness of lower section thickness of added timber piece Figure 25: Gallery Sections As a simplification, both the upper and lower sections had flat joining surfaces even though the drawings show a distinct curvature. The quarter gallery was seen as two sections but containing a dividing timber plate (Fig. 32) 18

19 It was decided to do the simulated planking by carving the surface (instead of adding actual planks over the blank carving). Dremel cutting tools, flat files and sandpaper were used rather than a chisel and chancing the changes in the wood grain. Fig. 30 shows this planking but further filing and sanding is still required. By the time I had finished, there were slight changes in the dimensions but I ignored them. Not all builders will have a Dremel-type power tool and so using chisels and knifes will be the alternative way to go. Figure 26: Blank Upper Gallery Port Piece 87.0 mm mm. Figure 27: Back View, Upper Gallery Port Piece 38.0 mm. Figure 28:Underside View, Upper Gallery Port Piece Figure 29: Stern View, Upper Gallery Port Piece 19

20 Figure 30: Carved Planks on Port Upper Section Figure 31: Temporary Shape Determination Central Section The central piece (10 mm. thickness) was then formed with some reference to Plan Sheet 1. A degree of liberty was taken with the carving. top view, starboard piece underneath view, starboard piece Figure 32: Gallery Central Piece From the drawings, it is seen that the upper and central pieces have a slight concave surface where they meet but this was kept flat just a little easier to do. 20

21 Lower Section There is a clear indication from the drawings that this section is not planked - although a number of builders have done just that. It was left with a plain timber surface. 20 mm. 40 mm. Fig. 33 shows the size for each of the two lower sections. 85 mm. Figure 33: Block Dimensions (excess sizing) In carving this section, the direct connection between the height of the metal figures (broken blue lines) and the depth of the lower gallery section (broken red lines) was overlooked. Fig. 34 below, which is not this build, illustrates that point clearly. The lower sections were deeper than they should have been which then led me to the exclusion of Carving D (see later). Figure 34: Lower Height Relationships on the Transom 21

22 Figure 35: Underneath Surface Figure 36: Top Surface Figure 37: Back Surface 22

23 Figure 38: Top Gallery Sections Fixed This initially started with a bulge as shown in Fig. 39 but then increased the angle on the aft surface of the lower section and curved it into line with the stern surface. Refer to Fig. 40. Figure 39: Lower Quarter Gallery Section Bulge Figure 40: Curving the Aft Surface of Lower Gallery 23

24 The aft surface of the lower gallery remained as it was (Fig. 40). However, Fig. 41 below shows the simulated planking which, whilst not appearing in the drawings, is a further example of how different builders interpret their build. Figure 41: Lower Gallery Section Alternative 24

25 Chapter 5: TRANSOM CARVINGS Whilst there are many ornate transom metal ornamentation pieces supplied by Euromodel, there are still some intricate wood carvings that ideally need to be added. The stern becomes an area that is very open to interpretation and so the final outcome is widely variable - hence the reason for some pieces not being supplied. In Fig. 43 below, the coloured areas represent carvings that could be created. Carving A: An integral part of the carving that is continuous with the side galleries. Both straight and curved forms have been created in different builds. C B Carvings B & C: Ideally carved but could be omitted? The height of C will depend on the positions of A and B. Carving C often shown without the inner loop at the base. Carving D: Ideally follows the form of A but could be greatly simplified. A Figure 42: Carving Areas D Carving order was strictly A - B - C D [E] 25

26 B C A D Figure 43: Transom Overall View 26

27 Carving A The earlier decision to curve the plywood transom piece meant that more care had to be taken in creating curved timber carvings to fit that initial curve. Carvings A and B (see below) were fixed in position before the overall height of the Carving C pieces could be determined. Many variations for A (green) were possible but in this case it was carved out of one solid piece. Figure 44: Piece A Where the carving joins with the Quarter Gallery (red circle), small joint openings were filled using a paste made from sawdust gathered from sanding this timber mixed with PVA glue. stern view of quarter gallery carving A Figure 45: Quarter Gallery and Carving A Joint Figure 46: Filler Mixture After 12 hours, sanding back was completed. window recessed due to overlying carving C Figure 47: Carving A Second planking was added to the transom. 27

28 Carving B There are a number of alternative approaches possible to how this would be formed. When finished, it ws put in place before attempting any other shapes on the transom. Interpretations could include just cutting down the transom plywood piece to the correct height and then laying a timber strip over the top edge... or... perhaps creating a full carving. The latter was the choice for this build (Figs ). Figure 48: Piece B poop deck Obvious from Fig. 49 is the centre line (broken yellow line) of the top carved strip is only slightly above the poop deck surface refer to Fig 54. As Fig. 50 below shows, this is not always the case. Figure 49: Deck Surface Correlation Figure 50:Carving B above Deck Surface This carving was relatively easy through the use of a power Dremel tool with a shaping bit and a bench mounted vertical narrow-belt sander - again with American walnut. Figure 51: Aft View of Carving B 28

29 Figure 52: Top View of Carving B The timber colour variation seen in Fig. 53 was not a problem as most of this was to be painted over with a background for the horseman. This section could have been swept upwards a bit more? Figure 53: Carving B Fixed in Place Figure 54: Carving B 29

30 Carving C The finished height of C (yellow) is dependent on the placement of A and B. Care was taken in adjusting the length of this carved piece off the ship itself and not the drawings. Figure 55: Piece C Fig. 56 illustrates the general positioning of C but with a simplification when compared to the shape in Fig. 55 above. Figure 56: Carving C - Another Build 6.5 mm. Two blocks, each of the same dimensions as shown in Fig. 57 (but not to scale) were cut out and a pattern for the shape traced over their surface. decreasing thickness towards the base 85 mm. 35 mm. Figure 57: Block for Carving 'C' 30

31 Transom Windows The drawings show a window either side behind carving C and this causes a number of different approaches used by builders. Fig. 56 shows a simplified carving that allowed the full window to be exposed whilst Fig. 58 below has deleted the two windows and filled the space with extra carving. Figure 58: Extensive Variations on the Transom The approach in this build was to still utilise the full carving shape but recess the two windows into the aft ends of the Quarter Galleries. Figure 60: Recessed Window Figure 59: Carving C Carving D was omitted due to an error explained in Fig. 34! 31 Figure 61: Window Behind Carving C

32 Carving E 32

33 Of interest is the zu Pferde or horseman part of the upper transom. Euromodel does supply a printed piece of plywood of a person on a horse but the printing is only there to show where the horseman should be placed. Horseman Painting the Horseman There is the opportunity to paint a horseman similar to that shown in the drawings. A painting of Friedrich Wilhelm on a horse (Fig. 62) has been included that would make an excellent reference for this exercise. [Looking back on the internet, this image was could not be found again and thus apologies to the original authors of this painting for not giving a suitable acknowledgement]. Figure 62: Friedrich Wilhelm (reference source unknown) The supplied figure can be easily over-painted to reform the rider shown in the drawings an easy approach. Historically, it may be more correct but that is uncertain (refer to Figs ) As with all model builds, the final artistic outcome is very much left to the individual. Fig. 63 illustrates how two builders of this ship over-painted especially the shaded green areas to to create an outcome similar to that in the plan drawings. Figure 63: Over-Painting for the Painted Horseman 33

34 Portraits by Van der Welde Figure 64: Two Large Ships From the Brandeburg Navy Figure 64 above illustrates the use of the horseman on the transoms of the Brandeburg Navy ships - whether they are painted or carved is difficult to interpret. Whilst many transoms of the time were adorned with painted murals, there is also evidence of three-dimensional carvings as seen in Figs. 65 & 66 Figure 65: Transom of a French Naval Ship 34 Figure 66: Transom of a Dutch Naval Ship

35 Carving the Horseman A carving of the horseman was done but this did involve considerable more time and patience. It is more difficult but very rewarding. Historically, a carved figurine probably would have added too much weight to the stern of the ship so perhaps some licence was taken in using this approach. Fig. 67 illustrates one such approach that influenced my decision. Figure 67: A Carved Horseman Figure 68: Forming a Three-Dimensional FigureFigure 69: A Carved Horseman After tracing the figure onto some 4 mm. thick soft timber, the surrounding material was removed to a remaining thickness of 2 mm. (Fig. 68) Figure 70: Forming a Three-Dimensional Figure Figure 71: Figurine Cut From the BoardFigure 72: Forming a Three-Dimensional Figure Careful cutting out of the figurine using a finebladed band saw ensued. This was followed by some serious carving, filing, sanding and painting. Figure 73: Figurine Cut From the Board Figure 74: Initial Painting of the HorsemanFigure 75: Figurine Cut From the Board The initial attempt at painting is shown in Fig. 70 but the face needs some change to the skin colour and the bridle is incomplete below the visible hand but that will wait until fixing onto the transom. 35 Figure 76: Initial Painting of the Horseman

36 36