Prevention of Hazardous Fires and Explosions

Transcription

1 Prevention of Hazardous Fires and Explosions

2 NATO Science Series A Series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NATO Science Committee. The Series is published by IOS Press and Kluwer Academic Publishers, in conjunction with the NATO Scientific Affairs Division. A. Life Sciences IOS Press B. Physics Kluwer Academic Publishers C. Mathematical and Physical Sciences Kluwer Academic Publishers D. Behavioural and Social Sciences Kluwer Academic Publishers E. Applied Sciences Kluwer Academic Publishers F. Computer and Systems Sciences IOS Press 1. Disarmament Technologies Kluwer Academic Publishers 2. Environmental Security Kluwer Academic Publishers 3. High Technology Kluwer Academic Publishers 4. Science and Technology Policy IOS Press 5. Computer Networking IOS Press NATO-PCO-DATABASE The NATO Science Series continues the series of books published formerly in the NATO ASI Series. An electronic index to the NATO ASI Series provides full bibliographical references (with keywords and/or abstracts) to more than contributions from internatonal scientists published in all sections of the NATO ASI Series. Access to the NATO-PCO-DATA BASE is possible via CD-ROM "NATO-PCO-DATA BASE" with user-friendly retrieval software in English, French and German (WTV GmbH and DATAWARE Technologies Inc. 1989). The CD-ROM of the NATO ASI Series can be ordered from: PCO, Overijse, Belgium Series 1: Disarmament Technologies - Vol. 26

3 Prevention of Hazardous Fires and Explosions The Transfer to Civil Applications of Military Experiences edited by V. E. Zarko Institute of Chemical Kinetics and Combustion SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia V. Weiser Fraunhofer Institut Chemische Technologie ICT, Pfinztal, Germany N. Eisenreich Fraunhofer Institut Chemische Technologie ICT, Pfinztal, Germany and A. A.Vasil'ev Lavrentyev Institute of Hydrodynamics SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russia W Springer-Science+Business Media, B.V.

4 Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Prevention on Hazardous Fires and Explosions The Transfer to Civil Applications of Military Experiences A C.I.P. Catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. ISBN ISBN (ebook) DOI / Printed on acid-free paper All Rights Reserved 1999 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1999 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1999 No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner.

5 TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE 1. C. o. Leiber, R. M. Doherty Review on explosion events - a comparison of military and civil experiences 2. B. N. Kondrikov Explosions caused by fires at high explosives production 3. M. A. Delichatsios Prediction of large scale fire behavior using nuterial flammability properties 2 4. V. N. Parmon, O. P. Krivoruchko, Yu. I. Aristov Use of modern composite materials of the chemical heat accumulator type I 3 for fire protection and fire extinguishing L. Cordova, Y. Zhou, C. C. Pfaff, A. C. Fernandez-Pello Test method for ranking the fire properties of materials in space based facilities 4 6. V. Weiser, N. Eisenreich, W. Eckl From rocket exhaust plume to fire hazards - methods to analyse radiative heat flux 6 7. B. H. Hjertager, T.Solberg A review of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modelling of gas explosions 7 8. A. A. Vasil'ev Detonation hazards of gaseous mixtures 9. V. V. Mitrofanov, S. A. Zhdan Evaluation of hazard of spray detonation M. Samirant Dispersion-initiation and detonation of liquid and dust aerosols - experiences 12 derived from military fuel-air explosives II. Yu. N. Shebeko Hydrogen fire and explosion safety of atomic power plants A. A. Vasil'ev, A. I. Valishev, V. A. Valishev, L. V. Panfilova, i. A. Oopchian Hydrogen accidents and their hazards 15

6 vi 13. J. P. Garo, J. P. Vantelon Thin layer boilover of pure or multicomponent fuels 14. E. A. Granovsky, V. A. Lyfar', E. V. Vasiljuk Industrial accident modelling: consequences and risk V. S. Babkin The problems of porous flame-arresters L. De Luca, L. Galfetti Ignition and extinction of solid propellants by thermal radiation A. G. Knyazeva, V. E. Zarko An assessment of ignition hazard for shielded energetic materials and its relation to flammable chemicals H. Singh Application of high energy materials for commercial use - the Indian scene E. Planas-Cuchi, J. Casal Modelling of fire effects on equipment engulfed in a fire A. V. Fedorov, V. M. Fomin, T. A. Khmel' Mathematical modeling of catastrophic explosions of dispersed aluminum dust Zarudnev, Y. P. Buravlev, V. V. Gazhiyenko, Y. A. Gorbunov Characteristics and applicability of radiothermallocation system for the purpose of fire detection in Chemobyl NPP area A. M. Grishin Limiting conditions of forest fires spreading and elaboration of the new methods to fight them D. G. Akhmetov, B. A. Lugovtsov, V. A. Maletin Vortex powder method for extinguishing a fire on spouting gas-oil wells G. V. Ivanov, V. G. Ivanov, V. G. Surkov, O. V. Gawrilyuk Nanosize electro-explosion powders: assessment of safety in the production and application V. A. Shandakov, V. F. Komarov, V. P. Borochkin Cold gas generators: multiple use in hazardous situations 341

7 26. B. Vetlicky, M. Krupka Fast response fire extinguishing systems based on military equipment V. I. Manzalei On near-limiting mechanisms of catastrophic explosions penetrating through channels 351 vii

8 PREFACE Military research and development not only aims at destruction but also at protection of men, equipment and facilities against effects of weapons. Therefore concepts have been developed that improve safety for stationary and mobile facilities against action of pressure waves (detonation of warheads during conventional attacks), thermal radiation (nuclear bombs) and fires which induced precautions of fire safety to protect ammunition depots and crew's quarters. Effective fast fire extinguishing systems were designed for tank compartments and motors. To destroy closed buildings and remove land mines the gas and dust explosions (FAE = Fuel/Air Explosives) have been used. In the process of production of ammunition and explosives a number of safety requirements has to be met in order to eliminate the ignition sources and to avoid the total damage in the case of hazardous situations like explosions. On this way military and related industries have accumulated vast knowledge and sophistic experience which is very valuable in various civil applications like chemical industries and energy production. All this expertise requires interdisciplinary specialists with comprehensive knowledge of complex relations in physics, chemistry and engineering sciences. The knowledge is based on theoretical and experimental research work the origin of which dates back to many centuries and often had been classified and is therefore unknown to civil researchers. The aim of the workshop was the exchange of highly academic knowledge and results of scientific research on the topics of industrial safety technology. The main focus concerned effects, protection, suppression and avoidance of fire and explosion hazards. The researchers who primarily worked on military subjects met qualified experts in civil safety aspects of fires and explosions to discuss their experience and to work out new concepts concerning co-operation, especially application of military know-how for civil use. In this context contributions from Europe, the former Soviet Unions and the USA to the following objectives are presented: Fire risk in plants and storage Ignition and flame spread Fires of solvents and industrial chemicals Gas- and dust-explosions Damage from fires and blasts Fire modelling Advanced extinguishing technologies IX

9 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Major support for this useful workshop was provided by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. So we are very grateful to the NATO for all sponsorship. Special thanks are due to Mrs. Nancy Schulte of the NATO Scientific Affairs Division for all her patience and help and to Prof. Hiltmar Schubert who also accompanied all phases of the workshop's organisation with willing suggestions. The production of this volume was a collaborative work, and there are many to whom the editors like to thank. Specially the good co-operation between Novosibirsk and Pfinztal was exemplary. Special thanks are due to all lectures and authors for their cooperation in preparing their manuscripts, excellent presentation and dedication to the meeting.