Drilling Engineering Handbook

Transcription

1 Drilling Engineering Handbook

2 Drilling Engineering Handbook Ellis H. Austin International Human Resources Development Corporation Boston D. Reidel Publishing Company, A Member of the Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, DordrechtlBostonlLancaster

3 Copyright 1983 by International Human Resources Development Corporation. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1983 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without wrilten permission of the publisher except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. For information address: IHRDC, Publishers, 137 Newbury Street, Boston, MA Ubnuy of ConlftSS Cataloging In Publici don Data Austin, Ellis H., I92S- Drilling engineering handbook. Includes index. \. Oil well drilling-handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Title TN871.2.A '.338 ISBN_1 3 :978_90_277_1 884_6 001 : _94_009_7261 _2 Published by D. Reidel Publishing Company, P.O. Box 17,3300 AA Dordrecht, Holland in co-publication with IHRDC Sold and distributed in North America by IHRDC In all other countries, sold and distributed by Kluwer Academic Publishers Group, P.O. Box 322, 3300 AH Dordrecht, Holland e ISBN-13:

4 Contents Preface ix 1 Principles of OilweU Drilling Introduction Power Plant and Transmission System Hoisting Equipment Rotating Equipment Circulating System Rig Personnel 31 2 Drilling Fluids Functions Properties of Drilling Fluids Composition and Treatment of Water Muds Oil-Base Muds Gas (Air) Drilling Fluid Application of Nitrogen Drilling Fluids Program 50 3 Drilling Problems Loss of Circulation 59 v

5 Vl / Contents 3.2 Abnormal Pressures and Blowouts Sloughing Shale Deviated Hole Stuck Drillpipe Control of Formation Fluids Bottomhole Assemblies Drilling Practices Casing Design Cementing Operations Preparation and Running Casing After Reaching Bottom Conditioning the Casing and Hole Mixing and Displacing the Cement Postplug Procedure Cementing Casing Selection Chart ]09 4 Mud Logging , Gas Detection Drilling Rate Pump Stroke Counter Electric Logging Coring and Core Analysis Coring Methods Pressure Coring Hydraulics Drillstem Testing Analysis of Need Equipment Procedures Use of Data Problems and Remedies Drillstem Test Rules of Thumb Offshore Rig Types Platform Rig Jackup Rig 198

6 Contents / vii 6.3 Semisubmersibles 6.4 Drillship 6.5 Submersible Rig 6.6 Offshore Rig Design Rules of Thumb 7 Offshore Environment 7.1 Transportation 7.2 Logistics 7.3 Food 7.4 We~ther 7.5 Communications 7.6 Planning the Well 7.7 Drilling Program 7.8 Drilling-Fluids Program 7.9 Casing and Cementing Program 7.10 Calculations for Cementing 7.11 Alternative" Casing Programs 7.12 Drilling Curve 7.13 Logging Program 7.14 Open-Hole Well Testing 7.15 Completion Program 7.16 Completion 7.17 Abandonment 7.18 Blowout Prevention Procedures 7.19 Pit Drill 7.20 Inside BOP Drill 7.21 Accumulator Drill Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C Index About the Author

7 Preface This book presents the fundamental principles of drilling engineering, with the primary objective of making a good well using data that can be properly evaluated through geology, reservoir engineering, and management. It is written to assist the geologist, drilling engineer, reservoir engineer, and manager in performing their assignments. The topics are introduced at a level that should give a good basic understanding of the subject and encourage further investigation of specialized interests. Many organizations have separate departments, each performing certain functions that can be done by several methods. The reentering of old areas, as the industry is doing today, particularly emphasizes the necessity of good holes, logs, casing design, and cement job. Proper planning and coordination can eliminate many mistakes, and I hope the topics discussed in this book will playa small part in the drilling of better wells. This book was developed using notes, comments, and ideas from a course I teach called "Drilling Engineering with Offshore Considerations." Some "rules of thumb" equations are used throughout, which have proven to be helpful when applied in the ix

8 x / Preface proper perspective. The topics are presented in the proper order for carrying through the drilling of a well. The help, patience, and understanding of friends, coworkers, and professional associates is greatly appreciated. My special thanks to Field Roebuck, Roebuck-Walton, Inc., Dallas, Texas, for his suggestions, proprietary material, and encouragement. A debt of gratitude to my wife, Virginia, without whose help this book would not have been written.

9 Drilling Engineering Handbook