Dynamics of Droplets

Transcription

1 Experimental Fluid Mechanics Dynamics of Droplets Bearbeitet von Arnold Frohn, Norbert Roth 1. Auflage Buch. xi, 292 S. Hardcover ISBN Format (B x L): 15,5 x 23,5 cm Gewicht: 1340 g Weitere Fachgebiete > Technik > Werkstoffkunde, Mechanische Technologie > Elastizität, Plastizität, Rheologie schnell und portofrei erhältlich bei Die Online-Fachbuchhandlung beck-shop.de ist spezialisiert auf Fachbücher, insbesondere Recht, Steuern und Wirtschaft. Im Sortiment finden Sie alle Medien (Bücher, Zeitschriften, CDs, ebooks, etc.) aller Verlage. Ergänzt wird das Programm durch Services wie Neuerscheinungsdienst oder Zusammenstellungen von Büchern zu Sonderpreisen. Der Shop führt mehr als 8 Millionen Produkte.

2 Table of Contents Preface ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: V 1. Theory ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Surface Tension and Internal Pressure Liquid-Liquid and Solid-Liquid Interfaces Charged Droplets Small-Amplitude Droplet Oscillations Internal Circulation Instability of Droplets Instability of Jets Relaxation Phenomena Relaxation of velocity Relaxation of temperature Thermodynamics Multiphase Systems Kelvin-Helmholtz Equation Thermodynamics of the Interface Gibbs Isotherm Phase Transition Processes Evaporation of a Single Droplet Diusion-controlled evaporation of a single droplet Combustion of a single droplet Evaporation of multicomponent droplets Evaporation through lms Evaporation and combustion in droplet arrays Interaction with Light Geometrical approximation Glare Points Rainbow Mie scattering Inuence of Gaussian Intensity Distribution Radiation Pressure Partial Wave Resonances

3 VIII Table of Contents 2. Droplet Generation ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Introduction Spray Generation Droplet Stream Generator Physical Principle and Technical Performance Operation Characteristics Operation Characteristics Droplet on Demand Generator Dropper Droplet Systems :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Introduction Sprays Droplet Streams Monodisperse Streams Droplet Arrays Deection with Electrical Field Single Droplets Single Moving Droplet Aerodynamically Suspended Droplets Droplet Suspension with Thin Fibers Electrostatic Levitation Electrodynamic Levitation Electromagnetic Levitation Dielectrophoretic Levitation Ferrouid Levitation Optical Levitation Acoustic Levitation Microgravity experiments Combined Levitation Techniques Experimental and Measurement Techniques :::::::::::::: Introduction Photographic Observation Techniques Droplet stroboscope Video Observation Techniques Velocity Laser-Doppler Velocimetry Laser-Two-Focus Velocimetry Particle-Image Velocimetry Young's fringes Size Images Phase Doppler Technique Interference Method

4 Table of Contents IX White-Light Method Glare Point Method Rainbow Other Techniques Refractive Index Introducing Remarks Phase Doppler Based Instruments Glare points Rainbow Temperature Thermocouples Schlieren Method Infrared Method Thermochromic Liquid Crystals Other Methods Surface Tension Size Change Rates Experiments to Study Mechanical Interactions ::::::::::: Introduction Droplet-Gas Interaction with surrounding uids Wind tunnels for the investigation of droplet systems Interaction with Acoustic Field Shock Tube Experiments Droplet Deformation Droplet Fragmentation by Shock Waves Ignition Delay Times of Droplets in Shock Tubes Droplet Interaction with Solid and Liquid Surfaces Cold Solid Surfaces Cold Liquid Surfaces Heated Surfaces Wetting of Solid Walls During Droplet Impact Comparison with Numerical Results Droplet-Droplet Interaction The dynamics and geometry of a binary encounter Experimental Setup and Results Numerical Results for Binary Droplet Collisions Experiments to Study Phase Transition Processes :::::::: Introduction Experimental Setups Arrangements and Sensors to Detect Scattered Light Optically Levitated Droplets Acoustically Levitated Droplets Droplet Streams

5 X Table of Contents 6.3 Evaporation Measurements on Single Droplets Measurements on Droplet Streams Combustion Burning Rates Droplet Temperature Flame Propagation Microexplosions Freezing Droplet Size and Shape Depolarization Droplet Streams in High Pressure Environments Miscellaneous Applications ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: Introduction Internal Combustion Engines Fire Suppression Spray Cooling Fuel-Coolant Interaction in Nuclear Reactors Cleaning with High Pressure Jets Medicine and Health Bioaerosols Production of Small Solid Particles Applications in Agriculture Acid Rain Cloud Physics Air Trac and Condensation Trails Eects of Heavy Rain and Ice Accretion on Aircraft Wings Applications in Space Droplets in a Microgravity Environment Droplets as Chemical Reactor Atomization of Alloy Powders Ink-Jet Printing Solder Jet Technology Picoliter Fluid Dispenser in Biotechnology Micro-Jet Printing of Microlenses Applications in Medicine Droplet-Based Manufacturing Thermal Spraying Compound droplets Microencapsulation Submicron Particles and Microspheres Slurry Droplets Emulsions Aerosols

6 Table of Contents XI 7.32 Contact Angles and Wettability Droplet Separation Technology References :::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 261 Index ::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 289