Contents. Contents. Preface... xi. PART A: OVERVIEW 1 Introduction... 1

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Willis Fletcher
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1 Contents Preface... xi PART A: OVERVIEW 1 Introduction Scope Innovation and Patents Prediction of Trends Innovators Comments on Presentation Subject Classification Year-to-year Analyses Text Formatting Definition of Patents Disclaimers Sources Commercial Developments Patenting Authorities and Obtaining Copies of Patents Approaches to Patents Patent Coding How Patent Searches Were Carried Out Method Method Search Results Decorative Effects on Plastics Introduction to Decorative Effects Three-dimensional, Tactile and Depth Effects Acoustic Effects Colour Effects Definition, Detail and Contrast Gloss and Matte Effects Interference Effects Metallic or Reflective Effects Olfactory Effects Selective Coating Deposition Surface Quality Improvement Functional Properties of Inks, Coatings, Films and Substrate Materials...22 References...24 PART B: MATERIALS 4 Materials and Additives for Colour or Reflectivity Changes Background Recent Commercial Developments Colour Change Materials...25 i

2 4.2.2 General Subjects Laser Additives Patent Trends Subjects, Ranking and Innovators Items of Particular Interest Principal Trends Listed Patent Literature Colour Effects Definition, Detail and Contrast Metallic or Reflective Effects...32 References Materials for Effects and Other Special Colours Background Recent Commercial Developments Patent Trends Subjects, Ranking and Innovators Items of Particular Interest Principal Trends Listed Patent Literature Three-dimensional, Tactile and Depth Effects Colour Effects Interference and Refraction Effects Metallic or Reflective Effects Surface Quality Improvement...41 References Films, Foils and Labels Background Recent Commercial Developments In-mould Films Labels and Sleeves Smart Labels Transfer Foils Patent Trends Subjects, Ranking and Innovators Items of Particular Interest Principal Trends Listed Patent Literature Three-dimensional, Tactile and Depth Effects Definition, Detail and Contrast Gloss and Matte Effects Interference Effects Metallic or Reflective Effects Olfactory Effects Surface Quality Improvement...52 References Inks, Paints, Coatings (Excluding Colour Change or Effect Materials) Background...56 ii

3 7.2 Recent Commercial Developments Three-dimensional Tactile and Depth Effects Olfactory Effects Surface Quality Improvement Patent Trends Subjects, Ranking and Innovators Items of Particular Interest Principal Trends Listed Patent Literature Three-dimensional, Tactile and Depth Effects Acoustic Effects Colour Effects Definition, Detail and Contrast Gloss and Matte Effects Olfactory Effects Surface Quality Improvement...62 References Substrate Polymer Resins, Blends and Additives Background Recent Commercial Developments Three-dimensional, Tactile and Depth Effects Acoustic Effects Olfactory Effects Surface Improvement Patent Trends Subjects, Ranking and Innovators Items of Particular Interest Principal Trends Listed Patent Literature Three-dimensional, Tactile and Depth Effects Acoustic Effects Gloss and Matte Effects Olfactory Effects Surface Quality Improvement...70 References...72 PART C: IN-MOULD PROCESSES 9 Coloration, Co-injection, Multilayer Moulding and Multiple Material Moulding Background Recent Commercial Developments Colouring Processes Processing Patent Trends Subjects, Ranking and Innovators Items of Particular Interest Principal Trends Listed Patent Literature iii

4 9.4.1 Three-dimensional, Tactile and Depth Effects Colour Effects Metallic or Reflective Effects Surface Quality Improvement...80 References In-mould Coating and On-mould Painting Background Recent Commercial Developments Patent Trends Subjects, Ranking and Innovators Items of Particular Interest Principal Trends List of Patent Literature Three-dimensional, Tactile and Depth Effects In-mould Coating Three-dimensional, Tactile and Depth Effects On-mould Painting Surface Quality Improvement...86 References In-mould Film Techniques Background Recent Commercial Developments In-mould Film Processes In-mould Labelling Patent Trends Subjects, Ranking and Innovators Items of Particular Interest Principal Trends Listed Patent Literature Three-dimensional, Tactile and Depth Effects Definition, Detail and Contrast Gloss and Matte Effects Metallic or Reflective Effects Surface Quality Improvement...96 References In-mould Printing, Marking, or Use of Engraved Cavities Background Recent Commercial Developments Patent Trends Subjects, Ranking and Innovators Items of Particular Interest Principal Trends Listed Patent Literature Three-dimensional, Tactile and Depth Effects Colour Effects Gloss and Matte Effects Interference Effects References iv

5 13 In-mould Surface Improvement Background Recent Commercial Developments Cooling Improvements Other Surface Improvement Process Techniques Rapid Heat Cycle Moulding Techniques Tool Surface Polishing and Treatment Patent Trends Subjects, Ranking and Innovators Items of Particular Interest Principal Trends Listed Patent Literature Surface Quality Improvement References Part D: Stand-alone or In-line Processes 14 Atmospheric Plasma Deposition or Thermal Spray Background Recent Commercial Developments Patent Trends Subjects, Ranking and Innovators Principal Trends Listed Patent Literature Three-dimensional, Tactile and Depth Effects Colour Effects Metallic or Reflective Effects References Dry Offset and Flexographic Printing Background Recent Commercial Developments Patent Trends Subjects, Ranking and Innovators Items of Particular Interest Principal Trends Listed Patent Literature Definition, Detail and Contrast Surface Quality Improvement References Embossing Background Recent Commercial Developments Patent Trends Subjects, Ranking and Innovators Principal Trends Listed Patent Literature v

6 Three-dimensional, Tactile and Depth Effects Gloss and Matte Effects Flocking Background Recent Commercial Developments Patent Trends Listed Patent Literature Selective Coating Deposition References Foil Transfer Processes Background Recent Commercial Developments Patent Trends Subjects, Ranking and Innovators Items of Particular Interest Principal Trends Listed Patent Literature Three-dimensional, Tactile and Depth Effects Definition, Detail and Contrast Metallic Effects Surface Quality Improvement References Inkjet and Droplet Printing Background Recent Commercial Developments Conveyor/Single Pass Machines Flatbed Machines Inks and Effects Machines for Three-dimensional Objects Printing Heads Products Patent Trends Subjects, Ranking and Innovators Items of Particular Interest Principal Trends Listed Patent Literature Three-dimensional, Tactile and Depth Effects Definition, Detail and Contrast Gloss and Matte Effects Metallic or Reflective Effects Surface Quality Improvement References Labelling, Sleeving and Form Over Part Background Recent Commercial Developments vi

7 20.3 Patent Trends Subjects, Ranking and Innovators Items of Particular Interest Principal Trends Listed Patent Literature Three-dimensional, Tactile and Depth Effects Interference Effects Metallic and Reflective Effects Surface Quality Improvement References Laser and Irradiative Marking, Engraving or Transfer Background Recent Commercial Developments Patent Trends Subjects, Ranking and Innovators Items of Particular Interest Principal Trends Listed Patent Literature Three-dimensional, Tactile and Depth Effects Colour Effects Definition, Detail and Contrast Gloss and Matte Effects Metallic or Reflective Effects Olfactory Effects Surface Quality Improvement References Liquid Coating Techniques Background Recent Commercial Developments Materials Miscellaneous Processes Spray Booths Spray and Coating Feed Equipment Patent Trends Subjects, Ranking and Innovators Items of Particular Interest Principal Trends Listed Patent Literature Three-dimensional, Tactile and Depth Effects Colour Effects Gloss and Matte Effects Metallic or Reflective Effects Selective Coating Deposition Surface Quality Improvement References Pad Printing vii

8 23.1 Background Recent Commercial Developments Patent Trends Listed Patent Literature Definition, Detail and Contrast Surface Improvement References Pigment Orientation Techniques Background Recent Commercial Developments Patent Trends Subjects, Ranking and Innovators Items of Particular Interest Principal Trends Listed Patent Literature Three-dimensional, Tactile and Depth Effects Colour Effects References Plating, Electroplating and Chemical Deposition Background Recent Commercial Developments Patent Trends Subjects, Ranking and Innovators Items of Particular Interest Principal Trends Listed Patent Literature Three-dimensional, Tactile and Depth Effects Colour Effects Gloss and Matte Effects Metallic or Reflective Effects Selective Coating Deposition References Powder or Particulate Coating Background Recent Commercial Developments Patent Trends Subjects, Ranking and Innovators Items of Particular Interest Principal Trends Listed Patent Literature Three-dimensional, Tactile and Depth Effects Metallic and Reflective Effects Selective Coating Deposition Surface Quality Improvement References viii

9 27 Screen Printing Background Recent Commercial Developments Artwork and Screen-making Equipment for Moulded Substrates Effects Patent Trends Subjects, Ranking and Innovators Items of Particular Interest Principal Trends Listed Patent Literature Three-dimensional, Tactile and Depth Effects Definition, Detail and Contrast Metallic or Reflective Effects Olfactory Effects References Sublimation Printing, and Dye Infusion Background Recent Commercial Developments Patent Trends Listed Patent Literature Three-dimensional, Tactile and Depth Effects Colour Effects Selective Coating Deposition References Vacuum Deposition Background Recent Commercial Developments in Decorative Deposition Patent Trends Subjects, Ranking and Innovators Items of Particular Interest Principal Trends Listed Patent Literature Three-dimensional, Tactile and Depth Effects Colour Effects Gloss and Matte Effects Interference Effects Metallic or Reflective Effects Selective Coating Deposition Surface Quality Improvement References Water Transfer Printing Background Recent Commercial Developments Patent Trends ix

10 Subjects, Ranking and Innovators Items of Particular Interest Principal Trends Listed Patent Literature Three-dimensional, Tactile and Depth Effects Gloss and Matte Effects Metallic or Reflective Effects Surface Quality Improvement References Abbreviations Index x

What does that mean? Color is perception

What does that mean? Color is perception Every Person with normal sight can see the same color, but their perception of the color can change how it is interpreted. Perception Is this swatch green? Or is