Introduction To NDT. BY: Omid HEIDARY
|
|
- Norman Stephens
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Introduction To NDT BY: Omid HEIDARY
2 NDT Methods Penetrant Testing Magnetic Particle Testing Eddy Current Testing Ultrasonic Testing Radiographic Testing Acoustic Emission Infrared Testing Visual Testing Other methods
3 NDT Which method is the best? Depends on many factors and conditions
4 NDT Industries involved with NDT: Oil and Gas Metal Manufacturing Construction Composite Manufacturing Metal Fabrication Inspection and Testing Chemical Research and Development Aerospace Training and Certification Power Generation Transportation Medical Electronic
5 Penetrant Testing Also known as Dye Penetrant Inspection (DPI) Penetrant Flaw Detection (PFD) Liquid Penetrant Inspection (LPI) Surface Testing method For detecting surface breaking defects (opened to surface) Applicable to all materials -except for excessively porous (absorbing) materials
6 Basic Steps Pre-cleaning Penetrant application Removal of excess penetrant Application of Developer Inspection Post-cleaning
7 Penetrant Testing Penetrating fluid (penetrant) applied to component Immersion Brushing Aerosol Spraying Electrostatic
8 Advantages of PT Applicable to non-ferromagnetics Able to test large parts with a portable kit Batch testing Applicable to small parts with complex geometry Simple,cheap easy to interpret Sensitivity
9 Disadvantages of PT Will only detect defects open to the surface Careful surface preparation required Not applicable to porous materials Temperature dependant Cannot retest indefinitely Compatibility of chemicals
10 Magnetic Particle Testing
11 Magnetic Particle Testing Test method for the detection of surface and sub-surface defects in ferromagnetic materials
12 Equipment
13 Depth below surface N S N S
14 Ultrasonic Testing
15 Principle High frequency sound sound waves are introduced into a material Reflected sound gives information on the material under test and signals displayed on a CRT Ultrasonic Testing
16 What is Sound? A mechanical vibration The vibrations create Pressure Waves Sound travels faster in more elastic materials Number of pressure waves per second is the Frequency Speed of travel is the Sound velocity
17 Sound at an Interface Sound will be either transmitted across or reflected back Reflected Interface How much is reflected and transmitted depends upon the relative acoustic impedance of the 2 materials Transmitted acoustic impedance Z V
18 Air Large Acoustic Impedance Ratio Steel Steel Large Acoustic Impedance Ratio Air Steel Steel Aluminum Steel No Acoustic Impedance Difference Small Acoustic Impedance Difference
19 Snell s Law C If the angle of Incident is increased the angle of refraction also increases Perspex Up to a point where the Compression Wave is at 90 from the Normal Steel 90 This happens at the FIRST CRITICAL ANGLE C S
20 Probes
21 Compression / Longitudinal Vibration and propagation in the same direction / parallel Travel in solids, liquids and gases Particle vibration Propagation
22 Shear / Transverse Vibration at right angles / perpendicular to direction of propagation Travel in solids only Velocity 1/2 compression (same material) Particle vibration Propagation
23 Ultrasonic Displays A scan The CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) display The Horizontal axis : Represents time base / beam path length / distance / depth The Vertical axis : Represent the amount of sound energy returned to the crystal
24 Ultrasonic Inspection initial pulse defect echo Back wall echo defect Material Thk Compression Probe CRT Display
25 mm The depth of the defect can be read with reference to the marker on the screen
26 Thickness / depth measurement The closer the reflector to the surface, the signal will be more to the left of the screen C B A The thickness is read from the screen B C The THINNER the material the less distance the sound travel A
27 Scanning Procedure Parent Material 0 degree both sides To maximum range for angle probes Full skip distance for 60 or 70 probes
28 Weld Root Scanning Procedure Half skip from both sides For PCN exams : 70 degree probe at half skip from both sides
29 Scanning Procedure Weld Fusion Faces Half to full skip from both sides A probe which strikes fusion faces at 90 degrees Probe angle = 90 - (1/2 Root angle)
30 Defect Orientation ONLY DEFECTS HAVING A SUITABLY ORIENTATED REFLECTING SURFACE CAN BE DETECTED BY PULSE ECHO METHODS!! Orientation favourable, sound reflected back to point of origin Orientation unfavourable, sound not reflected back to point of origin
31 B scan Ultrasonic Displays The End View Display B
32 C scan Ultrasonic Displays The Plan View Display C
33 D scan Ultrasonic Displays The Side View Display D
34 Advantages of UT Sensitive to cracks at various orientations Portability Safety Able to penetrate thick sections Measures depth and through wall extent
35 Disadvantages No permanent record (unless automated) Not easily applied to complex geometries and rough surfaces. Unsuited to course grained materials Requires highly skilled and experienced technicians
36 Radiographic Testing
37 Radiographic Testing Electromagnetic radiation is imposed upon a test object Radiation is transmitted to varying degrees dependant upon the density of the material through which it is travelling Variations in transmission detected by photographic film or fluorescent screens Applicable to metals,non-metals and composites
38 Shorter Wavelength = Increased Energy Shortening Wavelength
39 Electromagnetic Spectrum Industrial radiography Ultra violet Infra red Microwaves TV Electric Waves cm Wavelength
40 Relative Intensity Mev. Wavelengths Co to1.3 Mev Yb to 0.2 Mev Ir to 0.47 Mev Long Wavelength l Short Gamma line spectrum (discrete energies), the wave length is not of a fixed nature. A number of frequencies will be emitted for most sources.
41 Radiographic Sensitivity 7FE12 Step / Hole type IQI Wire type IQI
42 Radiographic Inspection Source Radiation beam Image quality indicator Radiographic film Test specimen
43 The basis of radiography Source High dense discontinuity Low dense discontinuity Lighter region on radiograph Film Darker region on radiograph
44 The basis of radiography Source Thin part Thick part Film Lighter Region on radiograph Darker region on radiograph
45 Radioactive isotope It is small,typically 1mm x 1.5 mm cylinders,that give off gamma rays It occurs in nature and also in artificial isotopes Artificial isotopes are created by bombarding an element with an excess of neutron in the nuclear reactor. Example of nature isotopes are radium and uranium Example of artificial isotopes are iridium 192 and cobalt 60
46 MEASUREMENT OF RADIOACTIVITY THE BASIC UNIT IS CURIE IN SI UNIT, IT IS MEASURED IN BECQUEREL 1 CURIE = 3.7 X BECQUERELS HALF LIFE OF AN ISOTOPE IS THE TIME IT TAKES FOR 1/2 OF THE ATOMS TO DECAY
47 RADIOGRAPHIC FILM IT HAS TWO TYPES SLOW FILM -FINE GRAIN AND NEED MORE EXPOSURE FAST FILM - LARGE GRAINS AND NEED LESS EXPOSURE KNOWLEDGE OF FILM CAN HELPS THE RADIOGRAPHER TO WORK OUT EXPOSURES WHEN CHANGING FILM BRANDS. E.G IN TABLE 5.3 FILM ALSO SHOULD BE STORED IN EDGES, IN COOL DRY CONDITIONS AND AWAY FROM CHEMICALS OR RADIATION
48 Radiographic Techniques
49 Single Wall Single Image SWSI Film Film IQI s should be placed source side
50 Single Wall Single Image Panoramic SWSI panoramic Film IQI s are placed on the film side Source inside film outside (single exposure)
51 Double Wall single Image DWSI Film IQI s are placed on the film side Source outside film outside (multiple exposure) This technique is intended for pipe diameters over 100mm
52 Double Wall Double Image DWDI Film IQI s are placed on the source or film side Source outside film outside (multiple exposure) A minimum of two exposures This technique is intended for pipe diameters less than 100mm
53 Radiographic Film Emulsion AgBr Supercoat Subbing Base Emulsion AgBr Subbing Supercoat
54 Developer Stop bath PROCESSING FILM Running water MANUAL SYSTERM
55 Advantages of Radiography Permanent record Detection of Internal flaws Can be used on most materials Direct image of flaws Real - time imaging
56 Disadvantages of Radiography Health hazard Sensitive to defect orientation Limited ability to detect fine cracks Access to both sides required Limited by material thickness Skilled interpretation required Relatively slow High capital outlay and running costs
Welding Inspection Non-Destructive Testing Course Reference WIS 5
Welding Inspection Non-Destructive Testing Course Reference WIS 5 Non Destructive Testing A welding inspector should have a working knowledge of NDT methods and their applications, advantages and disadvantages.
More informationNON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING 2 MARK QUESTION & ANSWERS UNIT I
NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING 2 MARK QUESTION & ANSWERS UNIT I 1.What do you mean by Non-Destructive Testing (NDT)? Inspecting or testing the materials and components in such a way that allows the materials
More informationNDT-PRO Services expands service offering
NDT-PRO Services expands service offering NDT-PRO Services announced the formal release of two advanced NDT methods, Phased Array (including TOFD) and Eddy Current. What are they and where are the used?
More informationBASICS ULTRASONIC TESTING METHOD. -Dr.Oruganti Prabhakar Proprietor-OP-TECH
BASICS ULTRASONIC TESTING METHOD -Dr.Oruganti Prabhakar Proprietor-OP-TECH INTRODUCTION Ultrasonic Testing (UT) is done by first generating high frequency acoustic waves at the outer surface of the component
More information(A) 2f (B) 2 f (C) f ( D) 2 (E) 2
1. A small vibrating object S moves across the surface of a ripple tank producing the wave fronts shown above. The wave fronts move with speed v. The object is traveling in what direction and with what
More informationAdvanced Digital Radiography for Field NDT
International Symposium on Digital Industrial Radiology and Computed Tomography - We.2.3 Advanced Digital Radiography for Field NDT Ron PINCU, Ofra KLEINBERGER-RIEDRICH Vidisco Ltd. 32 Haharoshet Street,
More informationWallace Hall Academy Physics Department NATIONAL 5 PHYSICS. Waves and Radiation. Exam Questions
Wallace Hall Academy Physics Department NATIONAL 5 PHYSICS Waves and Radiation Exam Questions 1 Wave Parameters and Behaviour 1. The following diagram gives information about a wave. 2011 Int2 12 MC Which
More informationDACON INSPECTION SERVICES. Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing
Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing Who we are Conventional and Advanced NDT and Inspection Services Oil and Gas, Refinery, Petrochemical, Heavy Industry, Mining Over 400 personnel including more than 300
More informationNational 4. Waves and Radiation. Summary Notes. Name:
National 4 Waves and Radiation Summary Notes Name: Mr Downie 2014 1 Sound Waves To produce a sound the particles in an object must vibrate. This means that sound can travel through solids, liquids and
More informationThe Application of TOFD Technique on the Large Pressure Vessel
17th World Conference on Nondestructive Testing, 25-28 Oct 2008, Shanghai, China The Application of TOFD Technique on the Large Pressure Vessel Yubao Guangdong Special Equipment Inspection Institute Floor
More informationINTRODUCTION. Have applications for imaging, detection and navigation.
ULTRASONICS INTRODUCTION The word ultrasonic combines the Latin roots ultra - beyond sonic - sound. Having frequencies above the audible range i.e. above 20000Hz Have applications for imaging, detection
More informationIntroductory Physics, High School Learning Standards for a Full First-Year Course
Introductory Physics, High School Learning Standards for a Full First-Year Course I. C ONTENT S TANDARDS 4.1 Describe the measurable properties of waves (velocity, frequency, wavelength, amplitude, period)
More informationLongitudinal and transverse waves Waves transfer energy from one place to another. There are two types of wave.
Wave Characteristics Longitudinal and transverse waves Waves transfer energy from one place to another. There are two types of wave. Transverse wave. Examples of a transverse wave are water waves and light.
More informationPERFORMANCE CHARACTERIZATION OF AMORPHOUS SILICON DIGITAL DETECTOR ARRAYS FOR GAMMA RADIOGRAPHY
12 th A-PCNDT 2006 Asia-Pacific Conference on NDT, 5 th 10 th Nov 2006, Auckland, New Zealand PERFORMANCE CHARACTERIZATION OF AMORPHOUS SILICON DIGITAL DETECTOR ARRAYS FOR GAMMA RADIOGRAPHY Rajashekar
More informationSonic Distance Sensors
Sonic Distance Sensors Introduction - Sound is transmitted through the propagation of pressure in the air. - The speed of sound in the air is normally 331m/sec at 0 o C. - Two of the important characteristics
More informationGraspIT Questions AQA GCSE Physics Waves
A Waves in air, fluids and solids 1. The diagrams below show two types of wave produced on a slinky spring. A B a. Which one is a transverse wave? (1) Wave B b. What is the name of the other type of wave?
More informationEMAT Application on Incoloy furnace Tubing Ramamohan Reddy M (ASNT Level III UT, PCN Level III UT,PAUT&TOFD)
EMAT Application on Incoloy furnace Tubing By Ramamohan Reddy M (ASNT Level III UT, PCN Level III UT,PAUT&TOFD) Outlines 1. Introduction EMAT 2. EMAT- Ultrasound waves 3. EMAT-Surface waves 4. EMAT-Guided
More informationP6 Quick Revision Questions
P6 Quick Revision Questions H = Higher tier only SS = Separate science only Question 1... of 50 Define wavelength Answer 1... of 50 The distance from a point on one wave to the equivalent point on the
More informationNDT KONFERANSEN ZENOVIEA VOROSCIUC
NDT KONFERANSEN 2011 ZENOVIEA VOROSCIUC Short about FMC Expectations Requirements New Challenges. New Solutions. 2 FMC Technologies Subsea Eastern ~ 150% growth from 2004-2010 MUSD Revenue Employees ER
More informationWave & Electromagnetic Spectrum Notes
Wave & Electromagnetic Spectrum Notes December 17, 2011 I.) Properties of Waves A) Wave: A periodic disturbance in a solid, liquid or gas as energy is transmitted through a medium ( Waves carry energy
More information4.6 Waves Waves in air, fluids and solids Transverse and longitudinal waves
4.6 Waves Wave behaviour is common in both natural and man-made systems. Waves carry energy from one place to another and can also carry information. Designing comfortable and safe structures such as bridges,
More informationThe Battle of Carbon Steel
More info ab The Battle of Carbon Steel Advantages of Eddy Current Array over Magnetic Particle and Penetrant Testing for Inspecting the Surface of Carbon Steel Welds Terence Burke Product Application
More informationISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD. Non-destructive testing of welds Radiographic testing Part 1: X- and gamma-ray techniques with film
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17636-1 First edition 2013-01-15 Non-destructive testing of welds Radiographic testing Part 1: X- and gamma-ray techniques with film Contrôle non destructif des assemblages soudés
More informationIn-Line EMAT Ultrasonic Weld Inspection for ERW Tube Mill Using Guided Ultrasonic Waves
In-Line EMAT Ultrasonic Weld Inspection for ERW Tube Mill Using Guided Ultrasonic Waves Jeffrey S. Monks Innerspec Technologies, Inc. 4004 Murray Place Lynchburg, VA 24501 Phone- 434-948-1306 Fax-434-948-1313
More informationUses of Electromagnetic Waves
Uses of Electromagnetic Waves 1 of 42 Boardworks Ltd 2016 Uses of Electromagnetic Waves 2 of 42 Boardworks Ltd 2016 What are radio waves? 3 of 42 Boardworks Ltd 2016 The broadcast of every radio and television
More informationMarr College Physics S3 Physics Waves and Radiation Homework Exercises
Marr College Physics S3 Physics Waves and Radiation Homework Exercises Page 1 Exercise 1 wave characteristics 1. Copy and complete the following: With a _ wave, the particles vibrate at 90 to the direction
More informationNondestructive Material Testing with Ultrasonics
More Information about this article at http://www.ndt.net/?id=540 Nondestructive Material Testing with Ultrasonics Introduction to the Basic Principles YOUR PARTNER FOR QUALITY Nondestructive Material
More informationApplication of Ultrasonic Guided Wave to Heat Exchanger Tubes Inspection
17th World Conference on Nondestructive Testing, 25-28 Oct 2008, Shanghai, China Application of Ultrasonic Guided Wave to Heat Exchanger Tubes Inspection Ik-Keun PARK 1,a, Yong-Kwon KIM 2,b, Sae-Jun PARK
More informationRadiographic Testing (RT) [10]
Radiographic Testing (RT) [10] Definition: An NDT method that utilizes x-rays or gamma radiation to detect discontinuities in materials, and to present their images on recording medium. 1> Electromagnetic
More informationRADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE
Page 1 of 19 Doc. No. KNS/RT/01.REV 0 RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE Page: 19 of 19 Date: 15.09.2012 RADIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION PROCEDURE PREPARED & APPROVED BY NDE- Level III CERTIFIED BY REVIEWED BY
More informationExamination of Pipe Welds by Image Plate Based Computed Radiography System
Examination of Pipe Welds by Image Plate Based Computed Radiography System Sanjoy Das, M.S.Rana, Benny Sebastian, D. Mukherjee and K.K. Abdulla Atomic Fuels Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai
More informationWaves, Sound and Light. Grade 10 physics Robyn Basson
Waves, Sound and Light Grade 10 physics Robyn Basson Heartbeat Flick in hose pipe What is a pulse? A single disturbance that moves through a medium. Stone in water Other? moving Transverse pulse: A pulse
More informationName: Per: Date: Ms. Yanuck. Study Guide - Unit Test Waves, Magnetism and Electricity
Name: Per: Date: Ms. Yanuck Study Guide - Unit Test Waves, Magnetism and Electricity Write the correct answer on the line: Word Bank: long short waves longitudinal transverse compressions or rarefactions
More informationNON-DESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION SERIES
Industrial Radiology NON-DESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION SERIES Non-destructive evaluation now has a central place in modern technology both as a means of evaluating materials and products as they are manufactured
More informationChapter 16 Light Waves and Color
Chapter 16 Light Waves and Color Lecture PowerPoint Copyright The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. What causes color? What causes reflection? What causes color?
More informationRadiographic testing: Increased detection sensitivity using optimum source to object distance
18 th World Conference on Non destructive Testing, 16-20 April 2012, Durban, South Africa Radiographic testing: Increased detection sensitivity using optimum source to object distance Jan Hendrik COWAN
More informationThe HOIS recommended practice for in-service computed radiography of pipes. Dr Stephen F Burch, WCNDT 2012, Durban, SA. April 2012
The HOIS recommended practice for in-service computed radiography of pipes WCNDT 2012, Durban, SA. April 2012 Dr Stephen F Burch, ESR Technology, Oxfordshire,UK steve.burch@esrtechnology.com ESR Technology
More informationDETECTION OF CORROSION IN BOTTOM PLATES OF GAS AND OIL TANKS USING GUIDED ULTRASONIC WAVES AND ELECTROMAGNETIC ULTRASONIC (EMAT) TRANSDUCERS
DETECTION OF CORROSION IN BOTTOM PLATES OF GAS AND OIL TANKS USING GUIDED ULTRASONIC WAVES AND ELECTROMAGNETIC ULTRASONIC (EMAT) TRANSDUCERS A Presentation prepared for the Jahrestagung der Deutsche Gesellschaft
More information4.6.1 Waves in air, fluids and solids Transverse and longitudinal waves Properties of waves
4.6 Waves Wave behaviour is common in both natural and man-made systems. Waves carry energy from one place to another and can also carry information. Designing comfortable and safe structures such as bridges,
More informationCorrosion detection under pipe supports using EMAT Medium Range Guided Waves
19 th World Conference on Non-Destructive Testing 2016 Corrosion detection under pipe supports using EMAT Medium Range Guided Waves Victor GARCIA 1, Carlos BOYERO 1, Jesus Antonio JIMENEZ GARRIDO 1 1 Innerspec
More informationElectromagnetic Waves & the Electromagnetic Spectrum
Electromagnetic Waves & the Electromagnetic Spectrum longest wavelength shortest wavelength The Electromagnetic Spectrum The name given to a group of energy waves that are mostly invisible and can travel
More informationHDRTR (High Definition Real Time Radiography)
Steve Morrison Shaw Pipeline Services HDRTR (High Definition Real Time Radiography) Advances in Technology API 2010 Winter Standards Meeting New Orleans, LA January 28, 2010 Gamma Radiographic Inspection
More informationReference wavelets used for deconvolution of ultrasonic time-of-flight diffraction (ToFD) signals
17th World Conference on Nondestructive Testing, 25-28 Oct 2008, Shanghai, China Reference wavelets used for deconvolution of ultrasonic time-of-flight diffraction (ToFD) signals Farhang HONARVAR 1, Amin
More informationSection Electromagnetic Waves and the Electromagnetic Spectrum
Section 17.6 Electromagnetic Waves and the Electromagnetic Spectrum Electromagnetic Waves Can you name all the colors of the rainbow? Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet Electromagnetic Waves
More informationMedical Imaging. X-rays, CT/CAT scans, Ultrasound, Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Medical Imaging X-rays, CT/CAT scans, Ultrasound, Magnetic Resonance Imaging From: Physics for the IB Diploma Coursebook 6th Edition by Tsokos, Hoeben and Headlee And Higher Level Physics 2 nd Edition
More informationRECENT ADVANCEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF EMATS TO NDE
RECENT ADVANCEMENTS IN THE APPLICATION OF EMATS TO NDE D. MacLauchlan, S. Clark, B. Cox, T. Doyle, B. Grimmett, J. Hancock, K. Hour, C. Rutherford BWXT Services, Non Destructive Evaluation and Inspection
More informationPhased Array Inspection of Coarse Grain Welds (Austenitic, CRA, etc)
Very high level of the structural noise makes regular shear wave ultrasonic inspection either conventional or PA practically inapplicable to the coarse grain welds. The solution may be found with use of
More informationISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 12096 First edition 1996-05-01 Submerged arc-welded steel tubes for pressure purposes - Radiographit testing of the weld seam for the detection of imperfections Tubes en acier
More informationEasy Ultrasonic Phased Array Inspection of Corrosion - Resistant Alloys and Dissimilar Weld Materials
Multimedia Application Notes Easy Ultrasonic Phased Array Inspection of Corrosion - Resistant Alloys and Dissimilar Weld Materials Many industries increasingly use austenitic welds and welds containing
More informationDIN. A wave is traveling at 5,000 m/s. It has a wavelength of 10 centimeters. What is the wave s frequency? What is the period of the wave?
3. Wave Speed (v=fλ) and Wave period (T=1/f) problems. DIN 1. EOC Review Problem: Two carts are moving on a horizontal frictionless surface. A 8 kilogram cart is moving to the right at 6 m/s. A second
More informationNew Multi-Technology In-Line Inspection Tool For The Quantitative Wall Thickness Measurement Of Gas Pipelines
New Multi-Technology In-Line Inspection Tool For The Quantitative Wall Thickness Measurement Of Gas Pipelines A. Barbian 1, M. Beller 1, F. Niese 2, N. Thielager 1, H. Willems 1 1 NDT Systems & Services
More informationDigital Radiography and its Advantages in Field NDT Inspections Today
17th World Conference on Nondestructive Testing, 25-28 Oct 2008, Shanghai, China Digital Radiography and its Advantages in Field NDT Inspections Today Ron PINCU NDT Division Manager, Vidisco Ltd. 32 Haharoshet
More informationISSUED BY KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA - DOWNLOADED FROM CHAPTER 12 Sound
1. Production of Sound CHAPTER 12 Sound KEY CONCEPTS [ *rating as per the significance of concept] 1 Production of Sound **** 2 Propagation of Sound ***** 3 Reflection of Sound ***** 4 Echo **** 5 Uses
More informationHigh frequency sounds, beyond the range of human hearing, are called ultrasound.
Mr Downie 2014 1 Sound Waves To produce a sound the particles in an object must vibrate. This means that sound can travel through solids, liquids and gases. Sound cannot travel through a vacuum as it contains
More informationBasics of continuous level measurements. By Gene Henry, Level Product Marketing Manager, Endress+Hauser. d = c 2
Basics of continuous level measurements By Gene Henry, Level Product Marketing Manager, Endress+Hauser The most common technologies available for continuous level measurement are ultrasonic, free space
More informationElectromagnetic Waves
Chapter 13 Electromagnetic Waves 13.1 Gamma Rays Gamma rays have a very short wavelength and are very penetrating. They are produced by radioactive substances and are very dangerous to humans unless used
More informationPhysics. Waves and Radiation Homework Exercises. National 4 & 5. Clackmannanshire Physics Network 0914
Physics National 4 & 5 Waves and Radiation ----- 0914 Summary Homework 1: Homework 2: Homework 3: Homework 4: Homework 5: Homework 6: Homework 7: Waves I -Wave definitions - Speed, distance, time calculations
More informationImaging using Ultrasound - I
Imaging using Ultrasound - I Prof. Krishnan Balasubramaniam Professor in Mechanical Engineering Head of Centre for NDE Indian Institute t of Technology Madras Chennai 600 036, INDIA Email: balas@iitm.ac.in
More information1-1. GENERAL 1-2. DISCOVERY OF X-RAYS
1-1. GENERAL Radiography is a highly technical field, indispensable to the modern dental practice, but presenting many potential hazards. The dental radiographic specialist must be thoroughly familiar
More informationELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND LIGHT. Physics 5 th Six Weeks
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES AND LIGHT Physics 5 th Six Weeks What are Electromagnetic Waves Electromagnetic Waves Sound and water waves are examples of waves resulting from energy being transferred from particle
More informationElectromagnetic Radiation
Electromagnetic Radiation EMR Light: Interference and Optics I. Light as a Wave - wave basics review - electromagnetic radiation II. Diffraction and Interference - diffraction, Huygen s principle - superposition,
More informationBANNARI AMMAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SATHYAMANGALAM DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES Unit III ULTRASONICS
A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 BANNARI AMMAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SATHYAMANGALAM DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES Unit III ULTRASONICS Multiple Choice Questions Loudspeaker cannot produce ultrasonic waves
More informationName: Date: Block: Light Unit Study Guide Matching Match the correct definition to each term. 1. Waves
Name: Date: Block: Light Unit Study Guide Matching Match the correct definition to each term. 1. Waves 2. Medium 3. Mechanical waves 4. Longitudinal waves 5. Transverse waves 6. Frequency 7. Reflection
More informationDr. P. SREENIVASULU REDDY 2
ENGINEERING PHYSICS UNIT II - ULTRASONICS SV COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, KADAPA Syllabus: - Introduction - Production of ultrasonic's by piezoelectric method - Properties and detection Applications in non-destructive
More informationElectromagnetic Waves
Electromagnetic Waves What is an Electromagnetic Wave? An EM Wave is a disturbance that transfers energy through a field. A field is a area around an object where the object can apply a force on another
More informationWaves. A wave is a disturbance which travels through a vacuum or medium (air, water, etc) that contains matter A wave transports ENERGY not matter
Waves and Optics Waves A wave is a disturbance which travels through a vacuum or medium (air, water, etc) that contains matter A wave transports ENERGY not matter Waves Some waves do not need a medium
More informationAPPLICATION OF THE DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY IN WELD INSPECTION OF GAS AND OIL PIPELINES
APPLICATION OF THE DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY IN WELD INSPECTION OF GAS AND OIL PIPELINES Davi F. OLIVEIRA, Edson V. MOREIRA, Aline S. S. SILVA, José M. B. RABELLO, Ricardo T. LOPES, Marcelo S. PEREIRA, Uwe ZSCHERPEL
More informationNondestructive Testing (CALIBRATION)
NONDESTRUCTIVE TESTING (CALIBRATION) HPI Nondestructive Testing (CALIBRATION) Hybrid Petroleum institute His allies at all times Calibration of Nondestructive Testing Devices (PND's) INTRODUCTION Nondestructive
More informationPhased Array UT Application For Boiler Tube Inspection in Manufacturing And In-Service Anandamurugan S 1, Siva Sankar Y 2
More Info at Open Access Database www.ndt.net/?id=15156 Phased Array UT Application For Boiler Tube Inspection in Manufacturing And In-Service Anandamurugan S 1, Siva Sankar Y 2 1 GE Inspection Technologies,
More informationISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD. Non-destructive testing of welds Radiographic testing of fusionwelded
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 17636 First edition 2003-09-15 Non-destructive testing of welds Radiographic testing of fusionwelded joints Contrôle non destructif des assemblages soudés Contrôle par radiographie
More informationUnit 1.5 Waves. The number waves per second. 1 Hz is 1waves per second. If there are 40 waves in 10 seconds then the frequency is 4 Hz.
Unit 1.5 Waves Basic information Transverse: The oscillations of the particles are at right angles (90 ) to the direction of travel (propagation) of the wave. Examples: All electromagnetic waves (Light,
More informationPhotomultiplier Tube
Nuclear Medicine Uses a device known as a Gamma Camera. Also known as a Scintillation or Anger Camera. Detects the release of gamma rays from Radionuclide. The radionuclide can be injected, inhaled or
More informationDETECTING DEFECTS by Larry Adams, senior editor. Finding flaws and imperfections in a tube or pipe is made easier using new inspection technologies
DETECTING DEFECTS by Larry Adams, senior editor Finding flaws and imperfections in a tube or pipe is made easier using new inspection technologies This inspection system is designed to detect flaws on
More informationS. GURESH 4 JAN 2017 S. JOHNSON 4 JAN 2017
PAGE 2 OF 15 1.0 PURPOSE This Inspection Method describes the methodology for Ultrasonic Examination using manual and semi-automatic techniques by the contact and immersion longitudinal wave method and
More informationSonaFlex. Set of Portable Multifunctional Equipment for Non-contact Ultrasonic Examination of Materials
SonaFlex Set of Portable Multifunctional Equipment for Non-contact Ultrasonic Examination of Materials General Overview of the Testing Equipment SonaFlex is a unique intelligent ultrasonic testing system
More informationElectromagnetic Spectrum
Electromagnetic Spectrum Wave - Review Waves are oscillations that transport energy. 2 Types of waves: Mechanical waves that require a medium to travel through (sound, water, earthquakes) Electromagnetic
More informationEngineering Policy & Procedure
FPD > Engineering > Global Standards Engineering Policy & Procedure Revision History Number: G2-4 Section: G Subject: Radiographic Examination Procedure 1.0 SCOPE This procedure specifies the requirements
More informationPHASED ARRAYS FOR SMALL DIAMETER, THIN-WALLED PIPING INSPECTIONS
PHASED ARRAYS FOR SMALL DIAMETER, THIN-WALLED PIPING INSPECTIONS Michael Moles 1 and Ed Ginzel 2 1. Senior Technology Manager, Olympus NDT, 48 Woerd Avenue, Waltham, MA, USA 02543. Tel: +1 416 831 4428,
More informationWAVES & EM SPECTRUM. Chapters 10 & 15
WAVES & EM SPECTRUM Chapters 10 & 15 What s a wave? repeating disturbance transfers energy through matter or space Oscillation back & forth movement carries energy w/o transporting matter can travel through
More informationGUIDED WAVES FOR DAMAGE MONITORING IN PLATES FOR NOTCH DEFECTS
Int. J. Engg. Res. & Sci. & Tech. 2014 Ramandeep Singh et al., 2014 Research Paper ISSN 2319-5991 www.ijerst.com Vol. 3, No. 2, May 2014 2014 IJERST. All Rights Reserved GUIDED WAVES FOR DAMAGE MONITORING
More informationSection 1: Sound. Sound and Light Section 1
Sound and Light Section 1 Section 1: Sound Preview Key Ideas Bellringer Properties of Sound Sound Intensity and Decibel Level Musical Instruments Hearing and the Ear The Ear Ultrasound and Sonar Sound
More informationUnit 6 Electromagnetic Radiation:
Unit 6 Electromagnetic Radiation: Electromagnetic Radiation is a wave. Electromagnetic Radiation is not a mechanical wave. Does not need a medium. Can travel through empty space Examples of Electromagnetic
More informationInternational Standard
International Standard INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR STANDARDlZATION*MEXAYHAPO~HAR OPTAHM3ALWlR fl0 CTAH~APTM3ALWl~ORGANlSATlON INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION Recommended practice for radiographic examination
More informationChapter 9: Light, Colour and Radiant Energy. Passed a beam of white light through a prism.
Chapter 9: Light, Colour and Radiant Energy Where is the colour in sunlight? In the 17 th century (1600 s), Sir Isaac Newton conducted a famous experiment. Passed a beam of white light through a prism.
More informationThe HOIS recommended practice for in-service computed radiography of pipes
18th World Conference on Nondestructive Testing, 16-20 April 2012, Durban, South Africa The HOIS recommended practice for in-service computed radiography of pipes Stephen F. BURCH, ESR Technology Ltd 16
More informationLight sources can be natural or artificial (man-made)
Light The Sun is our major source of light Light sources can be natural or artificial (man-made) People and insects do not see the same type of light - people see visible light - insects see ultraviolet
More informationTerm Info Picture. A wave that has both electric and magnetic fields. They travel through empty space (a vacuum).
Waves S8P4. Obtain, evaluate, and communicate information to support the claim that electromagnetic (light) waves behave differently than mechanical (sound) waves. A. Ask questions to develop explanations
More informationELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES MARKS WEIGHTAGE 3 marks
ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES MARKS WEIGHTAGE 3 marks QUICK REVISION (Important Concepts & Formulas) Electromagnetic radiation is the radiation in which associated electric and magnetic field oscillations are
More informationLife Science Chapter 2 Study Guide
Key concepts and definitions Waves and the Electromagnetic Spectrum Wave Energy Medium Mechanical waves Amplitude Wavelength Frequency Speed Properties of Waves (pages 40-41) Trough Crest Hertz Electromagnetic
More informationThe field deployable digital X-Ray solution for weld inspection in O&G
The field deployable digital X-Ray solution for weld inspection in O&G Imagination at work. Haitham Ibrahim, Hanley Thomas, Steven Wissels 7 th MENDT Conference Bahrain Agenda Field inspection Actual weld
More informationGamex CR 2.0 Program description and operating manual
Gamex CR 2.0 Program description and operating manual Issue No. : 2.0 Date of Issue : Jan. 2013 Z.U.T. NDT SOFT http://www.ndtsoft.eu Copyright (c) 2013 by Z.U.T. NDT SOFT All Rights Reserved Disclaimer
More informationA SHEAR WAVE TRANSDUCER ARRAY FOR REAL-TIME IMAGING. R.L. Baer and G.S. Kino. Edward L. Ginzton Laboratory Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305
A SHEAR WAVE TRANSDUCER ARRAY FOR REAL-TIME IMAGING R.L. Baer and G.S. Kino Edward L. Ginzton Laboratory Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305 INTRODUCTION In this paper we describe a contacting shear
More informationPHYSICS. Speed of Sound. Mr R Gopie
Speed of Sound Mr R Gopie a) Reciprocal firing Methods of determining the speed of sound in air include: Diag. 20 The time interval, t, between the flash and the sound represents the time taken for sound
More informationAcoustical methods. Introduction Acoustic waves in solids
Acoustical methods Introduction Acoustic waves in solids 1 Acoustical methods History of acoustics in NDT The early applications of acoustics source: sword-manufacturers-guide.com source: wikipedia.org
More informationCHAPTER 12 SOUND ass/sound/soundtoc. html. Characteristics of Sound
CHAPTER 12 SOUND http://www.physicsclassroom.com/cl ass/sound/soundtoc. html Characteristics of Sound Intensity of Sound: Decibels The Ear and Its Response; Loudness Sources of Sound: Vibrating Strings
More informationBasic functions of the universal flaw detector GEKKO
Product Description GEKKO Portable ultrasonic flaw detector for phased array, TOFD und conventional inspection techniques. Basic functions of the universal flaw detector GEKKO Phased array techniques Phased
More informationIn service application of EMAT in Boiler Water Wall Tubes and High Temperature Components
More Info at Open Access Database www.ndt.net/?id=18662 In service application of EMAT in Boiler Water Wall Tubes and High Temperature Components R Dhanasekaran 1, Lopez Borja 2, Mukesh Arora 1 1 NDTS
More informationWaves. Electromagnetic & Mechanical Waves
Waves Electromagnetic & Mechanical Waves Wave Definition: A disturbance that transfers energy from place to place. Molecules pass energy to neighboring molecules who pass energy to neighboring molecules
More informationINVESTIGATION OF IMPACT DAMAGE OF CARBON FIBER- RAINFORCED PLASTIC (CFRP) BY EDDY CURRENT NON- DESTRUCTIVE TESTING
International Workshop SMART MATERIALS, STRUCTURES & NDT in AEROSPACE Conference NDT in Canada 2011 2-4 November 2011, Montreal, Quebec, Canada INVESTIGATION OF IMPACT DAMAGE OF CARBON FIBER- RAINFORCED
More informationAdvancements in Pipeline Girth Weld Inspection
17th World Conference on Nondestructive Testing, 25-28 Oct 2008, Shanghai, China Advancements in Pipeline Girth Weld Inspection Jeffrey T. STETSON GE Inspection Technologies 50 Industrial Park Road, Lewistown,
More information