Ultra-high speed inkjet droplet measurement and monitoring with laser diagnostics
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1 Ultra-high speed inkjet droplet measurement and monitoring with laser diagnostics Marek Czapp Application and Sales Manager, Western and Eastern Europe Dantec Dynamics GmbH, Ulm, Germany Copyright Dantec Dynamics. All rights reserved 1
2 The Inkjet Conference 2018 Dantec Dynamics Turn Measurements into Knowledge Headquarter in Copenhagen, Denmark Danish Technology, since 1947 Subsidiaries: UK, USA, Japan, France, Germany (Ulm) Copyright Dantec Dynamics. All rights reserved 2
3 Fluid Mechanics Experimental measurement techniques Point techniques: velocity temperature size concentration CTA/CCA (3D V, T) ComfortSense (V, T) LDA (3D V) PDA (3D V, D) Imaging techniques: velocities (planar & volume) 2D PIV (2D2C V) Stereo PIV (2C3D V) Vol PIV (3D3C V) Particle characterization size velocity shape cone angles Imaging techniques: shape, velocities temperature concentration size LIF (T, c, ph) CLIF (flame front) Rayleigh (T) Shadow (D, 2D V) Copyright Dantec Dynamics. All rights reserved 3
4 Inkjet printing Today s requirements New markets displays, electronic printing, color filters, bio tech, etc. Droplets are small typically < 50 µm High droplet rate 10 k/s injected, e.g. while printer head is moving High requirements droplet volume, count and trajectory Quality control challenge to control and maintain droplet quality 24/7 Advanced droplet measurements are required to accelerate the development of inkjet printing into new applications Copyright Dantec Dynamics. All rights reserved 4
![Inkjet Droplet Sizer (IDS) The solution Velocity u [m/s] Inkjet Droplet Sizer](/docs-images/88/114643310/images/5-5.jpg "Diameter d [µm] 08-10-2018 Copyright 2018. Dantec Dynamics.")
5 Inkjet Droplet Sizer (IDS) The solution Velocity u [m/s] Inkjet Droplet Sizer Diameter d [µm] Copyright Dantec Dynamics. All rights reserved 5
6 Inkjet Droplet Sizer (IDS) Solution performance No calibration needed Non-intrusive measurement Size range down to 1 µm ( pl) Size resolution below 1 µm ( pl) Real-time measurement and droplet rate up to 100 khz Able to measure droplet moving trajectory (2D, 3D) Size-velocity correlation Inkjet Droplet Sizer Copyright Dantec Dynamics. All rights reserved 6
7 Phase Doppler Anemometry (PDA) Measurement principle NIST traceable monodisperse standard particles Median = 25.7 μm + Detector Laser forms an interference fringes at the focal point An oscillation signal is generated when a particle passing through fringes Certificate provided by monodisperse particles supplier Copyright Dantec Dynamics. All rights reserved 7
8 Phase Doppler Anemometry measurements Wide range of applications Sprays & liquid atomization processes Water sprays Fuel-, diesel injection Paint coating Agricultural sprays Medical, pharmaceutical sprays Cosmetic sprays Powder Droplets production 0 20 μm Droplets μm Spray drying Liquid metal atomization Bubble dynamics Cavitation Aeration Multiphase mass transfer Copyright Dantec Dynamics. All rights reserved 8
9 Inkjet Droplet Sizer & Phase Doppler Anemometry Software with real-time results Real-time and simultaneous measurements of axial velocity, radial velocity and droplet size using the Dantec Dynamics software Real-time results: 3D velocities Data rate Number of particles Spherical validation Burst validation Online monitoring Copyright Dantec Dynamics. All rights reserved 9
10 Inkjet Droplet Sizer vs Shadow Imaging Comparison Specifications PDA (Phase Doppler Anemometry) Shadow Imaging (droplet watcher) Measurement volume 0.15 x 0.1 x 0.2 mm 3 1 x 1 x 0.1 mm 3 Size resolution < 0.1 µm > 1 µm Maximum velocity 250 m/s <100 m/s Data rate Up to 100 khz Depends on the camera Real-time measurement Yes Possible Shadow Imaging Nearly possible to get perfect sharp images (threshold dependent results) < 100 m/s > 100 m/s Edge is even more blurred by fast movement of particles Copyright Dantec Dynamics. All rights reserved 10
11 Case story Measurement parameters Leibniz-Institute for New Materials, MicroDrop ink-jet printing system Transparent conductive ink, Leibniz-Institute Measured velocity components V U Measurement volume Non-transparent conductive ink, blue/silver based nano particles, GenesInk Non-transparent conductive ink, black/silver based nano particles, Leibniz-Institute Copyright Dantec Dynamics. All rights reserved 11
12 Case story System setup Leibniz-Institute for New Materials, MicroDrop ink-jet printing system Inkjet settings: - pressure Ink-solution MicroDrop nozzle - date rate - voltage - voltage pulse length Laser transmitter PDA receiver Copyright Dantec Dynamics. All rights reserved 12
13 Case story Pulse lengths influence on droplet Voltage pulse length: 29 µs Voltage pulse length: 24 µs U mean =1,35m/s U mean =0,72m/s Other settings: Date rate: 170 Hz Voltage: 157 V Pressure: 5 mbar Size distribution =2,5μm Pulse length has a huge influence on the droplet diameter Size distribution =15μm V mean =-0,1m/s V mean =-0,05m/s Copyright Dantec Dynamics. All rights reserved 13
14 Case story Pressures influence on droplet Pressure p = 7 mbar Pressure changes simultaneously result in a velocity fluctuation Pressure p = 8 mbar => velocity u mean = 1,12 m/s => velocity u mean = 1,74 m/s Other settings: Date rate: 100 Hz Voltage: 125 V Pulse length: 43 µs v v v diameter d mean = 88 µm fluctuations diameter => d mean = 56 µm v Pressure directly affect the droplet formation and droplet diameter v v Copyright Dantec Dynamics. All rights reserved 14
15 Wrap up Inkjet Droplet Sizer Specially designed for Inkjet printing measurement Factory aligned, no alignment needed Software for measurement, data processing and results display High performance signal processor Integrated PDA sensor with laser transmitter and PDA signal receiver Copyright Dantec Dynamics. All rights reserved 15
16 Thank you for your attention Demonstration available at the booth Copyright Dantec Dynamics. All rights reserved 16
17 Case story Different ink types Transparent Manufacturer: Leibniz-Institute Non-transparent, black Conductive ink Nano particles Manufacturer: Leibniz-Institute Blue/silver based Conductive ink Nano particles Manufacturer: GenesInk Copyright Dantec Dynamics. All rights reserved 17
18 Current New Inkjet printing applications The evolution Technology Smart card RFID Electronics Bio-Tech Wide format graphics Color filters Ceramics Labels Commercial printing Displays Textile/ smarttextile Photo-voltaic Packaging The technology development drives new inkjet printing applications applied to new markets Marking coding Product decoration Current New Markets Copyright Dantec Dynamics. All rights reserved 18
19 PDA measurements LDA and PDA Applications (Laser / Phase Doppler Anemometry) 1, 2 or 3D velocity components Velocities up to several Mach numbers liquid an gaseous flows high frequency response laser based, non-intrusive high spatial resolution data rate depends on seeding, e.g. turbomachinery > 100 khz particle diameters Copyright Dantec Dynamics. All rights reserved
20 Wrap up Conventional PDA solution Mainly used for research and product development Flexible for different size range with different configurations User alignment required Software for data process Signal processor PDA signal receiver Laser transmitter Copyright Dantec Dynamics. All rights reserved 20
21 Inkjet printing measurement Case story Leibniz-Institute for New Materials, MicroDrop ink-jet printing system Dantec Dynamics, HiDense PDA measurement system Copyright Dantec Dynamics. All rights reserved 21
22 Phase Doppler Anemometry (PDA) Proved accuracy PDA measurement on NIST traceable monodisperse standard particles Median = 25.7 μm Size result from PDA measurement Certificate provided by monodisperse particles supplier Copyright Dantec Dynamics. All rights reserved 22
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