History of PIV Development in JAPAN

Transcription

1 History of PIV Development in JAPAN Koji OKAMOTO The University of Tokyo

2 Flow Visualization Society of Japan Founded in 1981 (National Workshop from 1973) 1 st Int. Symp. Flow Visualization, 1977 Tokyo 1 st president: Prof. T. Asanuma Digital image analysis on Visualized images 1981 K. Ohmi: Particle Streak Image 1982 T. Kobayashi: Particle Streak Image 1982 M. Yano: Particle Tracking Velocimetry 1983 M. Yano: Cross-correlation PIV

3 M. Yano (1983) Velocity Measurement using Correlation concerning with Digital Tracer Image, J. Flow Vis. Soc. Jpn, 3, pp Tracer image before unit time Tracer image after unit time Cross correlation of the tracer images Velocity distribution

4 Development of PIV in 1980s 2D PIV development 1986 I. Kimura: Direct Cross-correlation (window shift) 1986 T. Uemura: nearest pair PTV 1987 M. Kawahashi: Digital Laser Speckle Technique 1987 A. Kaga: Intensity Substitution 1988 T. Uemura, F.Yamamoto: Binary Cross-correlation 3D3C measurement 1986 J. Doi: Stereo Analysis of Hydrogen bubble 1987 K. Nishino, N. Kasagi: 3D PTV 1987 T. Kobayashi: 3D PTV

5 Nishino, K., Kasagi, N. and Hirata M., (1989), Three-dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry Based on Automated Digital Image Processing, Trans. ASME, J. Fluid Engineering, 111, pp

6 Kasagi N. and Nishino K. 1990, Probing Turbulence with three- Dimensional Particle Tracking Velocimetry, Experimental Thermal Fluid Science, 4, pp

7 Visualization Society of Japan Founded in 1990 (FVS VSJ) International Workshop on PIV 1995 Fukui Profs. Kobayashi and Yamamoto 1997 Fukui Profs. Kobayashi and Yamamoto Santa Barbara, Göttingen, Busan, Pasadena, Rome, Melbourne, Tsukuba,.. Research Committee on PIV( ) Standard Experiment Project Standard Image Project ( Handbook of PIV (2002) 2000s: Dynamic PIV / Micro Visualization /.

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9 PIV Standard Images (1996) #01 1 #04 1

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11 For High-speed 2D PIV For 3D PTV For High-speed Stereo PIV 3D-STD-PIV(1999)

12 For High-speed 2D PIV (#301) 3D-STD-PIV(1999)

13 For High-speed 3D-PTV or Stereo PIV (#351) 3D-STD-PIV(1999) Three cameras with different view angle Laser light sheet illumination Image distortion by test section surface

14 For 3D PTV (#337) 3D-STD-PIV(1999)

15 PIV Developments in 2000s PIV Hardware Dynamic PIV (high-speed PIV) Confocal scanner micro-piv PIV Software Multi-image PIV (3-10 images / temporal sampling) High-order PIV (Acceleration estimation) Application Extensions Micro-PIV, Nano-PIV Sound Visualization Bioengineering and so on..

16 (16,000K) Digital Camera High Spatial Resolution Spatial resolution (pixel) 1024x1024 (1000K) 512x512 (250K) 256x256 (60K) 128x128 (16K) 64x64 (4K) High-resolution VTR TV $1,000(2008) $40,000(1998) High-speed (1996) $100,000(2008) C-MOS camera (2002) Shimadzu Temporal resolution (frames per second) 16 eye camera High Temporal Resolution

17 Photron FastCAM APX SA x ,000fps (150µs) 1024 x ,000fps (100µs) 832 x ,000fps ( 50µs) 512 x ,000fps ( 24µs) 320 x ,000fps ( 13µs) CMOS, 12bit gray scale External synchronize (0-1,300,000Hz) Dead time (~1µs)

18 CASIO EXILIM EX-F x fps (33ms) 512 x fps (3.3ms) 432 x fps (1.7ms) 336 x 96 1,200fps (0.8ms) CMOS, 6Mpixel 78,000JPY (~$800)

19 Hayami et al Evolution-30 FastCAM MAX 10kHz(single mode) 512x256 / 10,000fps 10,000Hz ( t=100µs) Jan. 2003

20 Velocity distribution (10,000Hz) Hayami et al Fine structure / Motion of vortex

21 Applications for Dynamic PIV Micro-PIV (Dynamic Structure in micro-fluidics) Scanning micro-piv (3D micro-system) Holographic PIV (3D structure) Biological PIV (Transient Blood flow) Multi-point correlation (10,000 LDV with 10kHz) Spatial dynamic range (double camera / 1:600) Tomographic Reconstruction (multi-camera) Visualization of Sound (High frequency vibration 100~1000Hz)

22 Schematic view of microchannel 100 µm 500 µm 25 µm 15 µm Butyl Acetate (Oil) 100 µm Cross Section Water Fluorescent particle BA BA 3 cm W 7 cm W Shinohara et al. 2007

23 Fluorescent particle image Wall Butyl Acetate 1.3 µl/min Wall Water 0.1 µl/min Shinohara et al. 2007

24 Instantaneous velocity distributions Wall Butyl Acetate 1.3 µl/min Wall Water 0.1 µl/min Shinohara et al. 2007

25 Near-interface flow 400 µm/s 150 Butyl Acetate t = 90.0 ms 400 µm/s y position [µm] Water t = 90.5 ms t = 91.0 ms 400 µm/s x position [µm] t = 91.5 ms Shinohara et al. 2007

26 3D scanning micro PIV system (x,y,z,u,v,w) 2D2C+T High Speed Camera (6000 frames/s) 3D3C Color filter Microscope PC Microsyringe pump 4.0 µl/min CW Nd:YAG Laser λ=532 nm Microtube Mirror Piezo Actuater Water Immersion 60x Objective Lens 8Hz scanning Shinohara et al. 2007

27 Piezo actuator SD = 100 µm f = 8 Hz Water immersion objective lens M = 60 NA = 0.9 FEP Microtube RI = Fluo particles 1.0 µm Setup Function generator Water RI = µm 2D2C(x,y,u,v,t) scanning 3D2C(x,y,z,u,v) out-of-plane Mirror Laser light (532nm) 3D3C(x,y,z,u,v,w) Shinohara et al. 2007

28 Out-of-plane velocity Dual-plane PIV system for macro-scale Raffel et al (1995) Exp.Fluids Shinohara et al. 2007

29 Scanning direction 3D3C (x,y,z,u,v,w) Shinohara et al. 2007

30 PIV Developments in 2010s PIV Hardware Dynamic PIV (high-speed PIV) Confocal scanner micro-piv PIV Software Multi-image PIV High-order PIV Application Extensions Micro-PIV, Nano-PIV Sound Visualization Bioengineering and so on.. 1k x 10kHz camera 10kHz laser High temporal/spatial resolution analysis technique Advanced Technology to protect Global Warming.