Holographic Optical Tweezers and High-speed imaging. Miles Padgett, Department of Physics and Astronomy
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1 Holographic Optical Tweezers and High-speed imaging Miles Padgett, Department of Physics and Astronomy
2 High-speed Imaging in Optical Tweezers Holographic Optical Tweezers Tweezers human interface, the optical nano-hand Applications of High-tech Imaging Flow meter Hydrodynamic coupling Trap dynamics Miles Padgett SCOTLAND
3 Moving objects around Beam steering mirror Relay lenses f f f f f! f! Angular deflection at mirror gives lateral shift of trap
4 Holographic optical tweezers Create traps and steer them around Ways of deflecting a beam Prism Fresnel prism Phase grating (!=0-2") Diffractive optics Prism Fresnel prism Phase grating Diffractive optics
5 Spatial Light Modulators: what are they? Diffractive optics, e.g. Diffraction grating Fresnel lens Hologram! Make reconfigurable with data projector technology Calculate pattern to get desired diffraction Computer generated hologram
6 Moving objects around SLM f f f f f! f! Angular deflection at mirror gives lateral shift of trap Wavefront curvature gives axial shift of trap Splitting the beam gives multiple traps
7 Consider Holograms as back projections Consider a point of light positioned at the trap What does it look like back in just behind the lens? 2" Intensity Phase 0
8 We ve just designed a hologram Grating Lens + Modulo 2" = SLM Reimage SLM to lens
9 Adding traps, gratings and lenses Consider a second pointof light positioned at the trap For equal intensity the interference pattern is simply the sum of the two phase distributions exp(i# 1 ) exp(i# 2 ) 2" + complex!intensity Phase 0
10 Software for driving SLMs Software for hologram design and drive of SLMs ojects/tweezers/slmcontrol/ Click Here!
11 The range of SLM manipulation Lateral shift limited by spatial resolution of SLM +/- 40"m cf fov 190"m Axial shift also limited by spherical aberrations of objective lens +/- 25"m Aberration correction, improves trap by! 20% Sinclair et al. J Mod. Opt. 51, 409, 2004 Wulff et al. Opt. Express 14, 4170, 2006
12 Diamond structure 18 beads in 5 planes Sinclair et al. Opt. Express 12, 5475, 2004
13 The Gripper at work. 4 x 5micron dia.. trapped silica beads, gripping and moving a metal particle Gibson et al. New J. Phys. 9, 14, 2007
14 Aberration correction We aberrations in optical systems using additional holograms Important for <1micorn particles Wulf et al. Aberration correction in holographic optical tweezers, Hologram Uncorrected spot Corrected spot Wulf et al. Opt. Express 14, 4170, 2006
15 The microhand workstation
16
17 Controlling a Micro-Hand 50cm 100"m Whyte et al. Opt. Express 14, 12497, 2006
18 The nano hand (collab. Miles, Bristol) Whyte et al. Opt. Express 14, 12497, 2006
19 Gerchberg Saxton But what what more complicated patterns (not points) The trapping plane and the lens plane are transformed as Fourier-Transforms FT FT -1
20 Gerchberg Saxton Desired trap Replace Intensity FT Complicated! FT -1 Replace Intensity Complicated! Laser beam Intensity Phase
21 Software for driving SLMs Software for hologram design and drive of SLMs ojects/tweezers/slmcontrol/
22 Where s that particle? Quadrant detector < nm precision! >10kHz response trapped bead imaging lens Shadow of particle cast by illumination light Position of transmitted laser beam
23 Where s that particle? Video Camera Frame rate? Precision trapped bead 1) Image 2) Threshold ROI Z Image of particle cast by illumination light 3) Calc. CofM
24 12-bit Firewire CCD (1392x1040) 12-bit digitisation Full-field frame-rate! 20Hz LabView drivers Controlable shutter speed
25 Speed camera for fluid flow Take two short exposure images with fixed time offset (10msec) Calibration independent of trap characteristics Flow rate "m/s N.B. v/(dv/dt) <1"sec Flow Stokes drag F=6"r$v v/(dv/dt) <1"sec d
26 Measurement of fluid flow (collab. Cooper, GLA EE) Use holographic tweezers to trap and position probe particle in flow High speed video sync. to!40hz modulation of trap
27 Measuring flow (2D) in micro-fluidic channel (3D) 15"m wide channel in PDMS e-beam mask Expose photo resist on silicon wafer Dry etch to leave channel negative (ridges) Coat with PDMS Peel off to give channel network Seal with cover-slip DiLeonardo et al. PRL, 96, , 2006
28 8-bit Firewire (images buffered on camera) CCD (1024x1024) 8-bit digitisation Full-field frame-rate 500Hz Reduced frame-rate upto 16kHz letter box R.O.I Images stored in camera and subsequently downloaded.. 4secs of data takes!10mins to download
29 High speed video v.s. Quadrant Cell Keen et al. J. Opt. A, 9, 264, 2007
30 Commercial (cheap) CMOS CMOS (1280x1024) 8-bit digitisation Full-field, frame rate! 30Hz Fully selectable R.O.I (100x100). Frame rate upto 1kHz LabView drivers Can calculate centre-ofmass positions in real time
31 Allan Variance of particle position Inertial regime Weak trap Strong trap System drift!2nm
32 Allan Variance of (open loop) force measurement Strong trap Thermal limit Weak trap!10fn Gibson et al. Opt. Exp, 14561, 2008
33 Power Spectra and Auto correlations f c = 1/% c Frequency <x2 > FT Time
34 HOT and camera interface
35 Observing the (hydrodynamic) coupling
36 Program. CMOS (collab. Love and Saunter, Durham) CMOS (256x256) 8-bit digitisation Full-field frame-rate 500Hz Multi point, real time tracking Particle Co-ordinates passed to logging computer (Firewire)
37 Mutli-Particle Correlation (collab. DiLeonardo, Rome) Eigenmode analysis of hydrodynamically coupled 8 particle ring Di Leonardo et al. Phys. Rev. E, 76, , 2007
38 Program. CMOS (collab. Love and Saunter, Durham) CMOS (480x640) 8-bit digitisation Full-field frame-rate Typ. 2000Hz Multi point, real time tracking Particle Co-ordinates passed to logging computer (Firewire)
39 Fitting the power spectrum
40 Multipoint viscosity measurement 2000HZ viscosity of water at 25C = 0.89 mpa.s
41 Faxen s correction for translational & rotational motion 2000HZ
42 Many Thanks
43 optics
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