Introduction to Optofluidics. 1-5 June Use of spatial light modulators (SLM) for beam shaping and optical tweezers
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1 Introduction to Optofluidics 1-5 June 2009 Use of spatial light modulators (SLM) for beam shaping and optical tweezers M. Padgett University of Glasgow U.K.
2 Use of spatial light modulators (SLM) for beam shaping and optical tweezers Miles Padgett, Department of Physics and Astronomy
3 Part One Holographic Optical Tweezers! Tweezers human interface, the optical nano-hand Miles Padgett SCOTLAND
4 Optical Tweezers: the trapping force The charged capacitor! gradient force acts on dielectric! Draws dielectric into region of high field The focused laser! gradient force acts on dielectric! Draws dielectric into region of high field! But need to immerse in fluid to damp motion
5 Optical Tweezers: two problems to overcome Two Problems! Making the laser beam small enough to hit the object! See what s going on Solution! Use a microscope to do both! Inverted geometry allows ease of access Sample Trapping laser Objective Camera Ashkin et al. Opt. Lett. 11, 288, 1986
6 Moving objects around Beam steering mirror Relay lenses f f f f f! f! Angular deflection at mirror gives lateral shift of trap
7 Holographic optical tweezers Create traps and steer them around Ways of deflecting a beam! Prism! Fresnel prism! Phase grating (!=0-2")! Diffractive optics Prism Fresnel prism Phase grating Diffractive optics
8 Moving objects around in optical tweezers Technology Positives Negatives Acousto-optic modulator Precise lateral shift (!nm) Fast multiplexing (khz) No axial shift Galvo-mirror SLM Deformable mirror Large dynamic range (>100"m) Axial AND lateral shift (>10 s "m s) Multi-trap Fast (khz) No axial shift Limited multi-plexing (<10) Slow (nematic!10hz, ferro!100hz) Limited dynamic range Only axial shift Limited range (!"m)
9 Spatial Light Modulators: what are they? Diffractive optics, e.g.! Diffraction grating! Fresnel lens! Hologram! Make reconfigurable with data projector technology Calculate pattern to get desired diffraction! Computer generated hologram
10 Moving objects around SLM f f f f f! f! Angular deflection at mirror gives lateral shift of trap Wavefront curvature gives axial shift of trap Splitting the beam gives multiple traps Curtis et al. Opt. Commun 207, 169, 2002
11 Consider Holograms as back projections Consider a point of light positioned at the trap What does it look like back in just behind the lens? 2" Intensity Phase 0
12 We ve just designed a hologram Grating Lens + Modulo 2" = SLM Reimage SLM to lens
13 Adding traps, gratings and lenses Consider a second point of light positioned at the trap For equal intensity the interference pattern is simply the sum of the two phase distributions exp(i# 1 ) exp(i# 2 ) 2" + complex!intensity Phase 0 Reicherter et al. Opt. Lett. 24, 608, 1999
14 Software for driving SLMs Software for hologram design and drive of SLMs! projects/tweezers/slmcontrol/ Click Here!
15 The range of SLM manipulation Lateral shift limited by spatial resolution of SLM! +/- 40"m! cf fov 190"m Axial shift also limited by spherical aberrations of objective lens! +/- 25"m! Aberration correction, improves trap by! 20% Sinclair et al. J Mod. Opt. 51, 409, 2004 Wulff et al. Opt. Express 14, 4170, 2006
16 Diamond structure 18 beads in 5 planes Sinclair et al. Opt. Express 12, 5475, 2004
17 The Gripper at work. Gibson et al. New J. Phys. 9, 14, 2007
18 Aberration correction We aberrations in optical systems using additional holograms! Important for <1micorn particles Wulf et al. Aberration correction in holographic optical tweezers, Hologram Uncorrected spot Corrected spot Wulf et al. Opt. Express 14, 4170, 2006
19 The microhand workstation
20
21 Controlling a Micro-Hand 50cm 100"m Whyte et al. Opt. Express 14, 12497, 2006
22 The nano hand (collab. Miles, Bristol) Whyte et al. Opt. Express 14, 12497, 2006
23 The multi touch screen The world s largest iphone! Grieve et al. Opt. Express 147, 3595, 2009
24 itweezers!
25 Gerchberg Saxton But what what more complicated patterns (not points) The trapping plane and the lens plane are transformed as Fourier-Transforms FT FT -1
26 Gerchberg Saxton Desired trap Replace Intensity FT Complicated! FT -1 Replace Intensity Complicated! Laser beam Intensity Phase
27 Software for driving SLMs Software for hologram design and drive of SLMs! projects/tweezers/slmcontrol/ Leach et al. Appl. Opt. 45, 897, 2006
28 optics
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