Index. band bending 317 bandwidth limitation 176, 182, 190, 195, 196 BBO
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1 Index β-bab 2O 4 (BBO) 85, 202 β-barium borate see β-bab 2O 4 (BBO) β (BEDT-TTF) 2PF π-conjugated polymer 304 III-V compound semiconductor 363 III-V-N compound semiconductor f chirp compensator 213, 214, 220 configuration 199 phase compensator 202, 207, 226, 228, 237 pulse shaper 106, 109, 180, 196, 254, 280, 281 system 171, 172, 233, 244, 245, 257, 259 acoustic noise 297 active phase compensator 201 adaptive chirp compensation 200 AOM 226 atomic hydrogen exposure 364 attosecond x-ray generation 379 autoconvolution 170, 174 autocorrelation , 166, 167, 170, 189 azobenzen 286 band bending 317 bandwidth limitation 176, 182, 190, 195, 196 BBO see β-bab 2O 4 (BBO) Bessel function 254 bi-directional propagation 15, 16, 44 C carbon nanotube 300 carrier frequency 239 carrier generation rate 318 carrier recombination rate 318 carrier-envelope phase 57, 212 CDW see charge density wave charge density wave 300 chirp VII, 84, 103 coefficient 244 compensation XI, 103, 104, 107, 112, 350 compensator 78, 105, 106 circuit response 295 closed-loop phase control 199 complex electric field 177, 238, 251, 252, 254, 255 compression 54 computer-controlled feedback system 213 constant height mode 290 constant value mode 291 contact potential difference 321 core dispersion 15, 19, 21, 45, 47 CPD 321 creep of piezo element 297 cross-phase modulation 8 cyclodextrin 305 CyD molecule 305 decay slope 374 deformable mirror 106, 226 delta-function 253, 263, 269 diffraction 173, 193 formula 112 dispersion length 22, 49, 225 displacement current 351, 368 double lock-in technique 358 down-chirp 103 energy diagram of STM 293 external vibration 291
2 386 Index feedback compensation 186, 199, 202 control 200 phase compensation 106, 202, 227 pulse compression 201 Spectral-Phase Control Technique 201 system 219 technique 234 femtosecond-ångstrom technology 349 femtosecond-time resolved STM (FTR-STM) X, XII few-to-mono cycle photonics VII, XI, 67, 379 field enhancement effect 315 finite-difference frequency-domain method 10 time-domain method 10 flip-flop motion 302 four-wave mixing 12, 91, 92 Fourier direct method 14 plane 174, 260, 264, 281 transform 167, 168, 177, 178, 182, 188, 238, , 255, 266, 268, 271 -transform-limited pulse 103, 173, 183, 201, 209, 227, 236, 237, 240, 244, 245, 254, 255, 281 fourth-order dispersion 116, 173 FRAC , 172, 173, , , 217, 236 frequency marginal 169, 170, , 196 FROG (frequency-resolved optical gating) 85, 96, 125, 155, , 181, 183, algorithm error 169, 174 FTR-STM see femtosecond-time resolved STM fused-silica fiber 68, 71 FWM see four-wave mixing GaNAs 363 GDD see group delay dispersion grating 172, 173, , 193, 256, 257, 259, 260, 265 group delay 81, 97, 173, 182, 208, 211, 240, 379 dispersion (GDD) 81, 92, 96, 97, 116, 144, 173, 181, 187, 188, 190, 213, 232, 244 group velocity 83, 86 difference 74 dispersion 6, 71 mismatch 71, 208 GVD see group velocity dispersion hollow fiber 68, 82, 85, 86, 119, 123, 224, 226 impulse response 375 induced phase modulation 8, 68, 74, 76, 77, 79, 81, 83 88, 98, 99, 205, 240, 259, 264 pulse compression 207 induced polarization 15 inelastic tunneling 306 instantaneous frequency 239 interference effect 361 IPM see induced phase modulation junction mixing STM 351 Kelvin probe 321 Kondo effect 300 LDOS 294 lens 181, 187, 188, 192, 256, 257, 259, 260 light-modulated scanning tunneling spectroscopy 327 linear chirp 74 LM-STS 327 local density of states see LDOS lock-in amplifier 352, 358 lock-in time constant 367, 372 low dimensional organic conductor 299 low pass filter 374 M-SPIDER 172, 185, 187, 192, 196, , 207, 212, 214, 215, 221, 222, , 244, 245 manipulation by STM 305
3 Index 387 manipulator of optical electric-field wavepackets 247 metal-insulator-semiconductor 321 MIS 321 junction 329 modified spectral-phase interferometer for direct electric-field reconstruction see M-SPIDER SPIDER see M-SPIDER molecular necklace 305 monocycle pulse VII, 195, 196, 224, 379 regime 228 -like pulse 185, 190, 196, 201, 238, 240, 246 multicolor pulse shaping 256, 257, 259, 281, 282 multiple photon absorption 368 excitation 356 NA 308, 350 nearfield optical scanning microscopy 350 wave 350 nonlinear dispersion 19, 21, 47 length 22, 49, 225 refractive index 71, 224 Schrödinger equation 9, 14, 22, 70 NSOM 350 numeric aperture see NA OHD-RIKES 275 one-octave bandwidth XI, 98, 200 exceeding bandwidth 246 optical chopper 358 function generator 247 scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) VII, IX, XI, 379 STM see optical scanning tunneling microscopy wave musical instrument 247 oscillatory structure 89, 90 over-one-octave bandwidth 192, 196, 226, 238, 240, 244, 245 ultrabroadband pulses 224 parametric four-ware mixing 91 passive chirp compensator 213, 226 PCF 31, 68, 91, 92, 95, 213, 214, 217 phase compensation VII, 54, 174, 186, 191, 196, 199, 232, 233, 240, 244, 245 compensator 202, 235 dispersion 103 modulation , 257, photoconductively gated STM 350 photoelectron 368 emission 356 photoisomerization 286 photonic crystal fiber see PCF photonic crystal glass fiber see PCF piezo effect 297 polyrotaxane 305 propagation constant 19 pulse compression 107, 120, 233 pulse train 251, 254, 255, , , 280, 282 pulse-pair-excited STM 353 pump (a pulse pair) and probe techniques XI pump probe technique X quantum-state control 379 Raman induced Kerr effect 275 Raman response 3, 16, 19, 21, 45 Raman scattering 264, 266, 269, 271, 273, 274 Raman spectroscopy 275 real electric field 167, 238, 251, 252 reflective objective 75, 93, 132, 202, 214 regenerative amplifier 356 repetition rate 350, 356 rotaxane 305 S/N ratio 358 SAM 286, 300 sampling theorem 181 scanning electron microscopy 314 nearfield optical microscopy see SNOM, NSOM probe microscopy 289 probe spectroscopy 291
4 388 Index tunneling microscopy (STM) IX, XI, 289, 349 tunneling spectroscopy (STS) 294 Schottky contact 320 second-harmonic generation frequencyresolved optical gating (SHG FROG) 27 selective excitation , , 279, 282 self-assembled monolayer 300 self-phase modulation (SPM) 6, 67, 76, 77, 81 84, 86 88, 91, 92, 95, 96, 99, 103, 201, 225, 256, 259, 261, 264, 289 self-steepening (SST) 6, 19, 21, 47, 91 Sellmeier equation 12, 18 SEM 314 SH interferogram 215, 231, 234 shadowing effect 313 shaken-pulse-pair-excited STM 359 shaker method 358 SHG 153, , 176, 192, 195 shock length 49 Si nonoparticle 304 Si(100) 301 Si(111) sinc-function 253 SLM see spatial light modulator slowly-evolving wave approximation (SEWA) 1 slowly-varying-envelope approximation (SVEA) VII, 1, 22 SNOM 350 soliton effect 98 formation 91 spatial chirp 67, 170 spatial light modulator (SLM) 105, 106, 112, 201, 202, 208, 215, 218, 220, 226, 240, 244, 245 technique XI phase modulator , 180, 196, 252, , 281, 282 spatially resolved SPV 318 spectral filtering effect 169, 170 phase XI, 67, 76, 97, 98, 167, 168, , 182, 184, 186, 203, 204, 208, 213, 222, 227, 237 phase characterization 199 phase difference 178, 179 shear , 181, 186, 190, 207, 227, 232 slicing 259, 260, 281 -phase characterization and compensation XI, 201 -phase compensation 202 -phase feedback technique 205 spectrally-resolved intensity-autocorrelation 78 SPIDER 155, 172, 176, 177, , , 200, 225 interferogram 217 signal , 207, 208, 217, 222, 231, 232, 234 split-step Fourier method 10, 14 SPM see self-phase modulation SPPX-STM 359 SPV 317, 352 SR-SPV 318 SRS see stimulated Raman Scattering SST see self-steepening (SST) steepening see self-steepening (SST) stimulated Raman Scattering (SRS) 91, 92 STM see scanning tunneling microscopy stray capacitance 368, 368 STS see scanning tunneling spectroscopy sum-frequency generation 181, 184, 186, 187, 195 surface photovoltage 317, 352 tapered fiber (TF) 68, 94 96, 218, 219 Taylor expansion 173 tetrachloroethylene 271, 272 TF see tapered fiber thermal drift 297 expansion/shrinking of STM tip 358 fluctuation 291 noise level 295, 296 emission current 320
5 Index 389 third-order dispersion (TOD) 71, 97, 116, 144, 173, 213 nonlinear polarization 71 phase dispersion see third-order dispersion (TOD) Ti:sapphire laser 67, 72 time constant 374 smearing 170, 174, 176, 195, 196 window 113, 255, 281 -dependent phase 67 TIVI 153 TL pulse see Fourier-transform-limited pulse TOD see third-order dispersion transform-limited pulse see Fourier-transform-limited pulse tunnel effect 292 junction 292, 311 transmission coefficient 293 two-spring oscillator model 297 UHV 306 ultrabroadband 169, 171, 176, 180, , 190, 196, 254, 280 pulse generation 69 ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) see UHV unidirectional propagation 22, 44 up-chirp 103 up-chirped pulse 220 vibration isolation 297 vibrationally-synchronized pumping 263, 264, 266, 270, 271, 274 walk-off length 74, 75, 78 Wigner distribution function , 244, 245 WKB approximation 293 zero group-delay dispersion 68 zero-dispersion wavelength (ZDW) 91, 93, 95, 98, 220
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