VOR = VHF Omni-directional Radio Range. Cockpit instrument. Navigation charts Different types. What comes to mind?

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Daisy Jefferson
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1 VOR = VHF Omni-directional Radio Range What comes to mind? Cockpit instrument Navigation charts Different types VOR 1 VOR training BE V p1

2 FMC, does not come to mind, although it could use VOR data, but, in this document VOR is: direct tuning to the VOR beacon VOR radiates beams to all sides These beams are called: RADIALS Pattern like compass rose 360 degrees VOR 2 VOR training BE V p2

3 VOR RADIAL POINTS ALWAYS away FROM the BEACON!! When we say «radial», it is the line starting at the beacon and pointing away from the beacon VOR 3 VOR training BE V p3

4 RADIAL gives position in relation to the beacon Regardless the actual heading Radial = track Heading = wind VOR 4

5 COCKPIT INSTRUMENT READING COURSE selected by direction of the needle HEADING selected with the compass in mind RADIAL selected by choice for navigation HEADING COURSE VOR 5 VOR training BE V p5

6 RADIAL selected by choice for navigation TO or FROM IN FRONT or BEHIND TO/FROM INDICATOR ALWAYS POINTS TOWARDS THE BEACON IT TELLS WHERE THE BEACON VOR IS, SEEN FROM YOUR POSITION6

7 IN THAT DIRECTION IS THE BEACON MY COURSE SELECTOR POINTS HERE AS WELL TO THE BEACON VOR 7

8 DIFFERENCE course pointing inbound or outbound EQUAL TO & FROM Always POINTS TOWARDS the BEACON VOR 8 VOR training BE V p8

heading 3 cases of aircraft ON radial 030 355 heading

210 H 210 R 030 H 030 R 030 DIFFERENCES HEADING TO &

9 heading 3 cases of aircraft ON radial heading 030 Radial 030 Radial 030 H 355 R 030 heading Radial H 210 R 030 H 030 R 030 DIFFERENCES HEADING TO & FROM FRONT & BEHIND VOR 9 VOR training BE V p9

10 RADIAL=POSITION in relation to VOR TRACK HEADING! heading track WIND determines heading to fly correct TRACK VOR 10 VOR training BE V p10

11 HOLDING: defined by 4 elements: 1.NAVIGATION POINT ('FIX'; VOR, NDB) 2.INBOUND TRACK (!!) 3.DIRECTION RIGHThand(=STANDARD) or LEFThand 4.LEG TIME (in minutes) 1 =< ; 1,5 >14000 (-SPEED) INBOUND TRACK = RADIAL +/- 180 RECIPROCAL VOR 11 VOR training BE V p11

12 HOLDING = FOUR ELEMENTS FIX INBOUND TRACK opposite radial TIMED 1 MINUTE OUTBOUND LEG RACETRACK STANDARD RATE ONE TURNS ONE FULL HOLDING TAKES 4 MINUTES VOR 12

13 HOLDING: 4 elements: START TIMING at abeam CHECK WIND one minute ABEAM LEFT TRACK: 030 (=RADIAL 210 inbound) DIRECTION POINT (fix) outbound LEG inbound TRACK Race track pattern standard rate turn (3 per second) TOTAL TIME = 4 MINS VOR 13 VOR training BE V p13

14 ATC PHRASEOLOGY: "ENTER PUBLISHED HOLDING OVER: 'FLORA' " or (if no chart) Where is my chart?? R 1 min ENTER HOLDING OVER 'FLORA': TRACK 310 (INBOUND) RIGHTHAND 1 MIN LEG Altitude ALWAYS ATC!! fix, track, direction, leg Inbound track 310, so radial 130 FLO inbound! 4 elements: Flora, 310 inb, R-hand, 1 min VOR 14 VOR training BE V p14

15 ATC PHRASEOLOGY (cont.): How long shall I hold?? EAT=Expected Approach Time TIME or MINUTES "(CLEAR TO) LEAVE 'x' HOLDING at 'time' " better: in y minutes from now "LEAVE x HOLDING HEADING yyy" "LEAVE X HOLDING, CLEARED PUBLISHED VOR APPROACH RWY 23" VOR 15 VOR training BE V p15

16 RECAP VOR gives aircraft position in relation to the VOR beacon Aircraft heading sets track to be flown (wind) Pilot's navigation, by setting heading and reading radial, determines further flight Holding pattern is made of 4 elements: fix, track, direction, leg. Check speed VOR 16 VOR training BE V p16

17 READ IT AGAIN! THERE IS ANOTHER LECTURE ABOUT: HOW TO ENTER A HOLDING? Especially adapted for: IVAO Belgium Training Section VOR 17 VOR training BE V p17

Chapter 10 Navigation

Chapter 10 Navigation Table of Contents VHF Omnidirectional Range (VOR) VOR Orientation Course Determination VOR Airways VOR Receiver Check Points Automatic Direction Finder (ADF) Global Positioning System