INNOVATIVE PERSPECTIVES FOR ELECTRICITY TRANSPORT

Transcription

1 INNOVATIVE PERSPECTIVES FOR ELECTRICITY TRANSPORT Jean-Maxime SAUGRAIN Corporate VP Technical Sharing Knowledge Across the Mediterranean Rabat Morocco May 9, 2013

2 Introduction to superconductors Superconductors are materials which are near-perfect conductors of electricity: virtually no electrical resistance! Superconducting domain T c Temperature Normal metal Superconductor B c J c Current density Magnetic field NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat May 9,

3 Why superconductors in power grids?! Huge current transport capacity: 150 times larger than the one of copper! Superconducting cables provide a new way to solve power transmission issues by increasing the current (up to 5 ka AC or beyond 10 ka DC) rather than the voltage! Superconductors become resistive when the current exceeds a critical value T HTS fault current limiters prevent the c propagation of fault currents J c B c NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat May 9,

4 Superconducting cables 3 applications targeted! Medium voltage (MV) AC cables for city centers! High voltage (HV) AC cables! High-capacity HV DC cables NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat May 9,

5 Superconducting cables 3 applications targeted! Medium voltage (MV) AC cables for city centers! High voltage (HV) AC cables! High-capacity HV DC cables NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat May 9,

6 MV AC cable for city centers Ampacity project NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat May 9,

7 Ampacity project Overview Technical specification - 1 km distance between substations - 10 kv system voltage ka operating current (40 MVA) Substation Herkules Cable Joint Substation Dellbrügge Luftbild: "Darstellung aus HK Luftbilder / Karten Lizenz Nr. 197 / 2012 mit Genehmigung vom Amt für Geoinformation, Vermessung und Kataster der Stadt Essen vom " NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat May 9,

8 ! Power supply within cities predominantly with cables Many quite old cables and substations Refurbishment / replacement in upcoming years Adaption of substations to new load requirements Ampacity project Motivation! Superconducting systems (cables in combination with fault current limiters) Constitute in some cases an attractive option for replacing conventional cables Enable new grid concepts A techno-economical study was carried out by KIT, RWE, Nexans and the University of Hanover NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat May 9,

9 Techno-economical study 3 solutions considered Conventional 110 kv cable Conventional 10 kv cables Superconducting 10 kv cable NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat May 9,

10 Techno-economical study New grid concept HV HV MV introducing superconducting MV cables MV NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat May 9,

11 Techno-economical study Overall changes in the grid! Dispensable devices for new grid concept 12.1 km of 110 kv cable systems 12 x 110 kv cable switchgear 5 x 40 MVA, 110/10 kv transformers 5 x 110 kv transformer switchgear 5 x 10 kv transformer switchgear! Additionally required devices for new grid concept 23.4 km of 10 kv HTS cable system 16 x 10 kv cable switchgear 3 x 10 kv bus ties NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat May 9,

12 Ampacity project Economical considerations > Comparison of the 3 options based on NPV method > Investment costs and operating costs (maintenance and losses) > 40 years > 2 % yearly increase > 6.5 % interest rate > 65 /MWh Total NPV in M NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat May 9,

13 Ampacity project Superconducting cable benefits! Increased power density Avoiding higher voltage levels for power transmission! Negligible thermal impact on the environment No drying out of soil, no thermal backfill required No maximum laying depth, no bottlenecks at cable crossings! No outer magnetic field during normal operation! Reduced space for substations and for cable installation Simplified cable installation, less civil works Space-savings in urban areas NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat May 9,

14 Ampacity project Present electrical configuration Substation Dellbrügge Substation Herkules 40 MVA 110 kv UGC 10 kv 40 MVA 110 kv UGC 40 MVA 10 kv 40 MVA 110 kv NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat May 9,

15 Ampacity project Configuration with supercond. system Substation Dellbrügge Substation Herkules 40 MVA 10 kv HTS UGC 110 kv UGC FCL 10 kv 40 MVA 10 kv 40 MVA 110 kv NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat May 9,

16 Ampacity project Cable design Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Screen Inner cooling with liquid nitrogen Former Dielectric Outer cooling with liquid nitrogen Cable Cryostat NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat May 9,

17 Ampacity project Termination design Phase 1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Screen Cooling Inlet Measurement Connection Cooling Outlet Cable Connection Termination Cryostat NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat May 9,

18 Ampacity project Fault current limiter design Parameter Rated power Rated voltage Rated current Prospective peak short circuit current Limited peak short circuit current Limitation time Value 40 MVA 10 kv 2.3 ka 50 ka < 13 ka 100 ms NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat May 9,

19 Ampacity project Cooling system design > 4 kw cold power at 67 K > Subcooled pressurized nitrogen > Forced flow in closed circuit > High availability and reliability ln 2 Storage Tank Vacuum Pump Circulation Pump Pressure Built-Up HTS Cable SFCL NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat May 9,

20 Ampacity project Status! Pre-prototype cable test done in 2012! Prototype cable test finished early 2013! Final cable manufacturing in progress! Fault current limiter manufacturing in progress NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat May 9,

21 Superconducting cables 3 applications targeted! Medium voltage (MV) AC cables for city centers! High voltage (HV) AC cables! High-capacity HV DC cables NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat May 9,

22 HV AC cable LIPA1 project Demonstrating feasibility of HV superconducting cables! Partners: American Superconductor (leader), Long Island Power Utility (LIPA), Air Liquide Switching Station! Funding: U. S. Department of Energy! 600 m long cable system 138kV/2400A ~ 574MVA 600 meter! Design fault current: line cycles (200ms)! Cable phases pulled in underground polyethylene conduits Holbrook Substation NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat May 9,

23 LIPA1 project Connection to grid World s longest HTS cable successfully energized on April 22, 2008 NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat May 9,

24 HV AC cable LIPA2 project Preparing multi-kilometer HV superconducting cables! Project funded by the U. S. Department of Energy! Same partners (American Superconductor, Air Liquide and LIPA) and same site as for the LIPA1 project Replacement of one phase (introducing second-generation HTS tapes and repairable cryogenic envelope) SCADA Power Heat Field joint Return Redundant Cooling & Control Bulk LN 2 Storage Supply Installation and tests completed; commissioning pending NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat May 9,

25 Superconducting cables 3 applications targeted! Medium voltage (MV) AC cables for city centers! High voltage (HV) AC cables! High-capacity HV DC cables NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat May 9,

26 Preliminary experience at CERN with MgB 2 superconducting wires Superconducting link project for the Large Hadron Collider at CERN Objective: Powering of LHC magnets via superconducting links transferring DC currents from the surface to the tunnel underground area where the magnets are operated Total current capacity: 200 ka 80 m LHC Courtesy: A. Ballarino, CERN Multi-cable assembly with MgB 2 wire Current capacity of 20 ka at 20 K being tested at CERN at low voltage on 20-meter cable prototypes Rabat May 9,

27 High-capacity HV DC cable Future collaborative project being considered Cable demonstrator characteristics Structure Power Voltage Current Length Cooling fluids Monopole 3.2 GW (6.4 GW for a dipole) 320 kv DC 10 ka 30 m Helium gas or liquid hydrogen for MgB 2 conductor (-250 C) Liquid nitrogen for electrical insulation (-200 C) NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat May 9,

28 High-capacity HV DC cable 320 kv DC cable concept Electrical insulation in liquid nitrogen 10 ka MgB 2 conductor in helium gas or liquid hydrogen Cryogenic envelope NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat May 9,

29 High-capacity HV DC cable Partners foreseen Optimization of MgB2 wires and conductors Cable system Cryogenic machine Testing in He gas Integration into the grid TU Dresden Cryogenic machine Scientific coordination Dissemination & exploitation UP Madrid Reliability Integration into transmission grid ESPCI (Paris) Cable system Optimization of MgB2 wires and conductors Cable system Cable system MgB 2 wire Optimization of MgB2 wires and conductors Cable system Integration into transmission grid Reliability RSE Cable system NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat May 9,

30 Conclusion! Superconductors have come out of laboratories and are now ready to be incorporated in power grids! Superconducting systems constitute attractive alternatives to conventional systems Reducing operating voltages Reducing the number of inner city transformer substations Enabling new grid concepts! The economical viability of superconducting systems is now achievable! Further developments, such as HV DC cables with a capacity of several GW, are being considered NEXANS PROPRIETARY Rabat May 9,

31 Thank you for your attention!