The Design of Broadband Multi-target Folding Jammer Based on a Periodic Non-uniform LFM Local Oscillator

Transcription

1 Journal of Phyic: Conference Serie PAPER OPEN ACCESS he Deign of Broaban Multi-target Foling Jammer Bae on a Perioic Non-uniform LFM Local Ocillator o cite thi article: Qi Zhang et al 8 J. Phy.: Conf. Ser. 6 4 Relate content - Preparation an Propertie of (Pb, LaiO 3 Epitaxial hin Film by Multi-arget Sputtering ieaki Aachi, uneo Mituyu, Oamu Yamazaki et al. - Deign an analyi of a kin of large flattene moe optical fibre Zhao Chu-Jun, Peng Run-Wu, ang Zhi- Xiang et al. - An Improve Multi-arget racking Algorithm for Peetrian Counting ian Xia, ong Fan, Suping Yu et al. View the article online for upate an enhancement. hi content wa ownloae from IP are on 4//9 at 4:39

2 IOP Conf. Serie: Journal of Phyic: Conf. Serie (8 4 oi :.88/ /6//4 he Deign of Broaban Multi-target Foling Jammer Bae on a Perioic Non-uniform LFM Local Ocillator Qi Zhang, Jun Zhu, Bin ang, uan Yang. School of Electronic Engineering (EE,Univerity of Electronic Science an echnology of China, (UESC,Chengu, China. Intitute of Electronic Engineering,China Acaemy of Engineering Phyic,Mianyang, China @qq.com Abtract. hi paper propoe a novel broaban multi-target foling jammer bae on a perioic non-uniform linear frequency moulation (LFM local ocillator (LO. It can achieve broaban receiving an tranmitting with a mall count of equipment. hi paper alo propoe a e-chirp function (DF which i ue to etimate the Nyquit zone inex of the receive ignal an a new multi-beamforming metho. he etimation value can be ue to guie the tranmitting frequency of the jamming ignal an the new multi-beamforming metho can be ue to achieve the accurate multi-target jamming. he cale experiment how that the propoe foling jammer i feaible to achieve in practice an the metho of DF work better than the cubic phae function (CPF for guiing the frequency of jamming ignal. he multi-beamforming imulation how that the eignate area are covere by the relevant jamming.. Introuction Owing to the limit of the conventional jammer [-3] on the intantaneou receiving an tranmitting banwith, jamming the broaban ignal in real time nee a combination of multi-tage LO an frequency weep moe [4]. hi will make the jammer complicate. In orer to reuce the complexity an cot of the jammer, thi paper propoe a novel broaban foling jammer which can be ue to jam the broaban ignal with a mall amount of equipment. Increaing the receiving an tranmitting banwith i ifficult for exiting technology [5]. A feaible technology which i propoe in recent year for broaban receiving an tranmitting i bae on compree ening technology [6]. Fuge et al. [7] propoe a implifie tructure for the compree ening ytem. But the relate reearch of Fuge i limite to the wavelet analyi [8] for the proceing of receiving ignal. he performance of thi ytem nee to be improve. he foling tranmitting tructure ha not been icue before. Inpire by the DF metho of LFM ignal [9], thi paper propoe a novel perioic non-uniform LFM LO which i ifferent from the LO in [7]. Bae on thi eign, the paper propoe a Nyquit zone inex etimation algorithm which ha better performance than the CPF []. he etimation value can be ue to guie the jamming ignal accurately on the appointe frequency. hi paper alo propoe an available tructure of the tranmitting LO which i ifferent from the receiving LO for the jammer. At lat, the paper propoe a new multi-beamforming metho for tranmitting of jamming ignal. hi metho lea into the parameter of itance imenion [-]. herefore, the jamming ignal can cover the area which have the fixe itance an irection. Content from thi work may be ue uner the term of the Creative Common Attribution 3. licence. Any further itribution of thi work mut maintain attribution to the author( an the title of the work, journal citation an DOI. Publihe uner licence by Lt

3 IOP Conf. Serie: Journal of Phyic: Conf. Serie (8 4 oi :.88/ /6//4 In ummary, we propoe a novel broaban multi-target foling jammer with a mall count of equipment in thi paper. We emontrate the complete tructure of the foling jammer an analyze the ignal proceing flow in Section. Next, we propoe a robut Nyquit zone inex etimation algorithm bae on the LFM LO an a new multi-beamforming metho in Section 3. In Section 4, we conuct cale experiment to emontrate that the foling jammer i feaible to achieve an the propoe etimation algorithm ha better performance than the CPF uner thi tructure, then the multi-beamforming imulation prove that the eignate area are covere by the relevant jamming ignal. In Section 5, we conclue thi paper.. Sytem tructure.. he tructure of the foling jammer Receiving part input xt ( rt ( t ( BPF LPF ADC n DSP DDS p(t DAC { f, θ ( n, m} Figure. he receiving tructure of the foling jammer. he receiving tructure of the foling jammer i hown in Fig.. he input ignal i receive in the broaban filter BPF. After filtering the out-of-ban noie, the complex ignal xt ( i obtaine. xt ( i then mixe with the perioic non-uniform LFM LO pt ( to obtain the ignal rt (. he pt ( i generate by the igital-to-analog converter (DAC an the irect igital yntheizer (DDS in igital ignal proceor (DSP. rt ( pae through the complex low-pa filter LPF an then the ignal t ( i obtaine. t ( i then ample by the analog-to-igital converter (ADC to obtain the baeban igital ignal n. he tranmitting tructure of the foling jammer i hown in Fig.. he jamming ignal '( t i mixe with the perioic non-uniform LO p'( t to obtain the ignal x'( t. he p'( t i alo generate by the DAC an the DDS in DSP. x'( t then pae through the filter bank to obtain the output ignal of jammer. DSP DDS Jamming ignal DAC '( t LPF p'( t x'( t output { f, m} DAC Figure. he tranmitting tructure of the foling jammer... Signal proceing in the foling jammer In the receiving part of the jammer, the ignal moel receive can be expree a follow = exp ( π + ϕ + xt j ft vt ( where f an ϕ are carrier frequency an initial phae of the ignal. vt ( i the zero-mean white Gauian noie whoe variance i σ v an it i inepenent of the ignal.

4 IOP Conf. Serie: Journal of Phyic: Conf. Serie (8 4 oi :.88/ /6//4 he perioic non-uniform LFM LO can be implifie a M = µ ( exp π / + π ( + θ ( p t t h j ft m ft t m= h where ( t f ( t h.5 K ( t h θ = + i a perioic intantaneou phae moulation, h =,,. LFM f LFM, K an are the initial frequency, chirp rate an repetition perio of the LFM LO. f i the carrier frequency of the LO, m repreent the Nyquit zone, M i the number of the Nyquit zone, the µ t can be expree a µ ( t, t < = (3, otherwie After the eucing an arrangement, the receiving ignal of DSP n can be expree a ( n = µ t hn h ' ( π π LFM ( ( ϕ π ( + exp j f n m f n hn (4 exp j m K n hn v '( n where f ' = f f / m f, N i the number of ampling point for in time, = / f. v'( n i alo the zero-mean white Gauian noie. m {,..., M } i the inex of the Nyquit zone, In the tranmitting part of the jammer, we aume the jamming ignal moel a = ( π + ϕ + ' t exp j ft c c n t (5 where f c an ϕ c are carrier frequency an initial phae of the jamming ignal. nt ( i the zero-mean white Gauian noie whoe variance i σ v an it i inepenent of the ignal. he tranmitting LO can be implifie a M p '( t = exp jm( π ft (6 m= After the jamming ignal i mixe with the tranmitting LO, the mixing ignal x'( t can be expree a [ π π ϕ ] x'( t = exp j(( f ± fmt + + n''( t (7 c c In (7, n''( t i alo the zero-mean white Gauian noie. Finally x'( t pae through the filter bank to obtain the output jamming ignal on the appointe frequency bae on the value of m. 3. Algorithm Analyi 3.. Nyquit zone inex etimation bae on the DF he metho efine the DF a follow N * DF (, K = ( n ( n exp( jkn (8 N n= where i the time elay. he DF will prouce the auto term of the ignal. When K = πmk m =,,, M, the auto term can be enote a 3

5 IOP Conf. Serie: Journal of Phyic: Conf. Serie (8 4 oi :.88/ /6//4 N n= (,πmk = '' exp j ( π f + mπk DF N ( exp jπ m m K n (9 '' ' In (9, f = f m flfm an we have '' DF (, πmk m= m = exp j ( πf + mπk ( DF (, πmk m m = ( When m = m, DF (,π mk i a non-zero value. When m m, DF (,π mk i zero. herefore, m can be obtaine when the value of DF ( mk canning the value of m. m i the etimation value of m., π come to non-zero value by After obtaining the etimation value of m, we can chooe the output of the correponing filter in the filter bank. he filter bank i ecribe in Fig.3. Amplitue m m m f 3 f m / Figure 3. he tructure of the filter bank. f f 3.. Multi-beamforming algorithm For the conventional beamforming algorithm, array tranmitting ignal moel can be expree a In (, { Si ( f } N ( f = S ( f S ( f S ( f S,,, N ( i the tranmitting ignal for each array element. f i= i the tranmitting frequency of ignal. N i the number of array element. In thi paper, the array tranmitting ignal moel ha been moifie with a frequency offet. It can be enote a S( f S( f SN ( f ( + ( + ( + S f f S f f SN f f S f M f S f M f S f M f ( + ( z ( + ( z N ( + ( z where M z i the number of the frequency offet, f i the frequency offet, f f. Each column repreent the tranmitting ignal of each array element. hen the arrive ignal of far fiel from one array element can be expree a M N (3 4

6 IOP Conf. Serie: Journal of Phyic: Conf. Serie (8 4 oi :.88/ /6//4 M ( ( π (( P = w exp j f + m f t t / R F m m= = exp R M ( j π f( t t ( π (( ( w exp j m f t t m m= = F t w A (4 = exp, t = R/ c, c i the light pee, R i the itance. w i the R In (4, F ( t ( j π f ( t t weight vector for itance imenion, w = w, w,, w irection imenion. A can be expree a M ( j π ( f ( t t j π (( m f ( t t M M, A i the teering vector for, exp,, A = (5 exp( ( he arrive ignal of far fiel from all array element can be expree a N M n= m= n= m= ( ( π (( ( P= ww exp j f + m f t t / R m n ( j π f ( t t N M = exp R N ( exp( π (( ( ww j f + m f t t m n M ( (( exp π = F tww j m f t t n= m= In (6, F ( t exp ( j π f ( t t m n ( n inθ mnf inθ exp jπ f exp jπ c c =, t R R = c, R R n in = + θ. We can ee that the energy of beam i aociate with the itance parameter an irection parameter.he conventional beam i only aociate with the irection parameter. (6 DAC8 Figure 4. he foling jammer laboratory cale experiment. 4. Simulation Analyi We contruct a laboratory cale experiment a hown in Fig.4 to verify our analye. he fiel-programmable gate array (FPGA (XC7VX485FFG76 generate the receiving an tranmitting LO ignal. he ignal generator generate the analog input ignal. he non-uniform receiving LO ignal an the analog input ignal are mixe an filtere in the mixer-filter an it output i ample by a uniform ampling ADC (AD9643. he moel of DSP i the I S. he moel of 5

7 IOP Conf. Serie: Journal of Phyic: Conf. Serie (8 4 oi :.88/ /6//4 DAC i DAC8. Coniering the FPGA proceing capability, the receiving an tranmitting LO carrier frequency are 3.5Mz. he ampling frequency of the ADC/DAC are 7Mz. he parameter of the input analog ignal are hown in able. In able, MP repreent the mono-pule ignal, PRI i the pule repetition interval an PW i the pule with. hee two parameter are arbitrarily variable. he Signal i a narrowban ignal an he Signal i a wieban ignal. able. Parameter of analog input ignal Signal Parameter Signal Signal Moulation type MP LFM Carrier frequency 4.5Mz 66.5Mz Signal banwith Mz 6Mz PRI 8μ μ PW 4μ 5μ 4.. he reult of the fole receiving ignal Fig.5 an Fig.6 how the time-frequency itribution of the ignal which are ample by ADC. A i hown in Fig.5, the frequency of Signal ha been fole to the Mz. A i hown in Fig.6, the initial frequency of the LFM pule ignal ha been fole to the 4Mz. hee reult atify the foling theory which i ecribe above. herefore, the eign of the receiving part i achieve in practice. Figure 5. he time-frequency itribution of Signal. Figure 6. he time-frequency itribution of Signal. 6

8 IOP Conf. Serie: Journal of Phyic: Conf. Serie (8 4 oi :.88/ /6//4 4.. Comparative` experiment between DF an CPF We et the SNR of the input ignal a ~ 5B. 5 time harware tet are ue for each SNR value in DSP. hen we export the each tet reult..9.8 DF CPF.7 Correct ratio SNR/(B Figure 7. he correct ratio of the Nyquit zone inex etimation. Fig.7 compare the correct ratio of Nyquit zone inex etimation uing the DF with that uing CPF by harware tet. he correct ratio repreent the correct value in thee 5 time tet. he propoe DF metho work better than the CPF metho when SNR<-3B. When SNR>-8B, the correct ratio of Nyquit zone inex etimation uing the DF can reach %. So the CPF metho i more enitive to noie than the DF metho. he performance of the propoe metho i better in tet he reult of the jamming ignal After obtaining the etimation value of the Nyquit zone inex, we can tranmit the jamming ignal to the correponing zone by foling tranmitting. We et the jamming ignal a the broaban noie jamming ignal whoe banwith i Mz. In thi paper, we ue the ADC whoe ampling frequency i 5Mz to ample the tranmitting ignal of the foling jammer again. hen we can ue the ampling ata to analyze the jamming ignal. A i hown in Fig.8 an Fig.9, the jamming ignal are fole to the appointe frequency accurately. he reult prove that the eign of tranmitting part i alo achieve in practice. Normalize amplitue f/(z x 7 Figure 8. he jamming ignal for Signal. 7

9 IOP Conf. Serie: Journal of Phyic: Conf. Serie (8 4 oi :.88/ /6//4 Normalize amplitue f/(z x 7 Figure 9. he jamming ignal for Signal he reult of the beamforming metho In thi correponence, we conier an 3-element uniform linear array operating at a carrier frequency f = Gz with a fixe inter-element pacing = c / ( f. Each element tranmit the ignal in a linearly increae carrier frequencie, where the frequency tep i f = 3 kz. In the imulation we ue the following parameter: p = /( f econ, t = 3/( f f 4/ econ, R = r = km, θ = 3, ε =.5, an U L =.5. hee parameter are ecribe in complete etail in [3]. Figure. he beam pattern of jamming. A i hown in Fig., the main lobe of beam i forme at the fixe itance an irection. he energy of beam i very weak at the other area. herefore, the concerne area i covere by jamming, but the other i not. hi can improve the accuracy of the jamming, an evelop the tealth of the jammer. If we tranmit multi-jamming, the each beam for multi-jamming coul be ae in igital omain, an then tranmitte together. So multi-beam i the uperpoition of ingle beam. 5. Concluion he broaban foling jammer preente in thi paper not only can achieve the receiving of broaban ignal with a mall amount of equipment, but alo can efficiently obtain Nyquit zone inex of broaban ignal to guie the jamming ignal. he propoe DF metho work better than the 8

10 IOP Conf. Serie: Journal of Phyic: Conf. Serie (8 4 oi :.88/ /6//4 claical metho bae on the eign of LFM LO. he cale experiment prove that the propoe foling jammer i feaible to achieve. he tranmitting beamforming metho ue the itance parameter firtly. he imulation how that the area which ha the fixe irection an itance are covere by the energy of jamming, an the jamming energy on the other area are o weak. herefore, the broaban foling jammer ha many avantage, it can ha broaer application in the higher frequency jamming, ultra-broaban jamming an multi-target jamming fiel. 6. Acknowlegment hi work i upporte by National Natural Science Founation of China ( Reference [] M. Soumekh: SAR-ECCM uing phae-perturbe LFM chirp ignal an DRFM repeat jammer penalization. IEEE ranaction on Aeropace an Electronic Sytem, vol. 4, 6, pp.9-5. [] S Gezici, S Bayram, M N Kurt, M Reza : Optimal Jammer Placement in Wirele Localization Sytem. IEEE ranaction on Signal Proceing, vol. 64, 6, pp [3] S. Djukanovic, M. Dakovic,. hayaparan, L. Stankovic: Metho for non-tationary jammer uppreion in noie raar ytem. IE Signal Proceing, vol. 4,, pp [4] G orrii, O Leonari, G Sorbello et al : A novel microwave frequency weep interferometer for ECR plama electron enity meaurement. 46th European Microwave Conference, pp. 8, 6. [5] Namgoong W. A: A channelize igital ultrawieban receiver. IEEE ranaction on Wirele Communication, vol., 3, pp.5-5. [6] Donoho D L: Compree ening. IEEE ranaction on information heory, vol. 5, 6, pp [7] Fuge G L, Blan R E, Chiver M A, et al: A Nyquit foling analog-to-information receiver [C]. 4n Ailomar Conference on Signal, Sytem an Computer, Pacific Grove, California, USA, pp , 8. [8] O O Oejie, C M Akujuobi, A Annamalai et al : Application of analytic wavelet tranform for ignal etection in Nyquit foling analog-to-information receiver. IEEE International Conference on Communication, pp.-5, 9. [9] P Bruce, A G Nathan : Structure e-chirp for compreive ampling of LFM waveform. IEEE 7th Senor Array an Multichannel Signal Proceing Workhop (SAM, pp. 37,. [] P O Shea : A new technique for intantaneou frequency rate etimation. IEEE Signal Proceing Letter, vol. 9,, pp.5-5. [] Antonik P, Wick M C, Griffith D, et al. Frequency ivere array raar [C]. Proceeing of IEEE Raar Conference, Verona, pp.5-7, 6. [] Antonik P, Wick M C, Griffith D, et al. Multi-miion multi-moe waveform iverity [C]. Proceeing of IEEE Raar Conference, Verona, pp.58-58, 6. [3] GAO K D, WANG W Q, CEN, et al. ranmit beampace eign for multi-carrier frequency ivere array enor [J]. IEEE Senor Journal, vol. 6, 6, pp