Analysis of V2V Broadcast Performance Limit for WAVE Communication Systems Using Two-Ray Path Loss Model

Transcription

1 Analyi of VV Broacat erformance imit for WAVE Communication Sytem Uing Two-Ray ath o Moel Yoo-Seung Song an Hyun-Kyun Choi The avent of wirele acce in vehicular environment (WAVE) technology ha improve the intelligence of tranportation ytem an enable generic traffic problem to be olve automatically Bae on the IEEE 811p tanar for vehicle-to-anything (VX) communication WAVE provie wirele link with latencie le than 1 m to vehicle operating at pee up to km/h To ate mot reearch ha been bae on fiel tet reult In contrat thi paper preent a numerical analyi of the VX broacat throughput limit uing a path lo l Firt the maximum throughput an minimum elay limit were obtaine from the MAC frame format of IEEE 811p Secon the packet error probability wa erive for aitive white Gauian noie an faing channel conition Finally the maximum throughput limit of the ytem wa erive from the packet error rate uing a two-ray path lo l for a typical highway topology The throughput wa analyze for each ata rate which allowe the performance at the ifferent ata rate to be compare The analyi metho can be eaily applie to ifferent topologie by ubtituting an appropriate target path lo l Keywor: WAVE IEEE 811p ITS VV Vehicular Communication Telematic Smart tranportation Manucript receive June 17 16; revie Feb 17; accepte Feb 3 17 Thi work wa upporte by the ICT R&D program of MSI/IIT (1575 High Spee V-ink Communication Technology Development for Real Time Control of Autonomou Driving Vehicle) Yoo-Seung Song (correponing author yong@etrirekr) an Hyun-Kyun Choi (choihk@etrirekr) are with the SW & Content Reearch aboratory ETRI Daejeon Rep of Korea Thi i an Open Acce article itribute uner the term of Korea Open Government icene (KOG) Type 4: Source Inication + Commercial Ue rohiion + Change rohiion ( I Introuction The avent of wirele acce in vehicular environment (WAVE) technology for high-pee vehicle ha improve the intelligence an convenience of tranportation ytem Vehicle-to-anything (VX) communication uing WAVE technology ha become a olution that both alleviate or overcome variou traffic problem an provie ueful information for vehicle river a hown in the context of an intelligent tranportation ytem (ITS) in Fig 1 [1] WAVE i a eicate hort-range communication (DSRC) technology bae on IEEE 811p which i an approve amenment to the IEEE 811 tanar that a wirele acce in vehicular environment [] The IEEE169x erie of tanar upport ecurity networking an multichannel operation for higher layer The IEEE 811p tanar wa eigne for vehicular communication at pee up to km/h requiring latencie le than 1 m [3] Supplier are now proucing WAVE prouct uch a onboar unit (OBU) an roaie unit (RSU) for application globally an a variety of tet have been conucte for ifferent configuration of everal public roa topologie [4] In upport of the prompt commercialization of WAVE technology performance verification an trial ervice are unerway in variou countrie Reearch an evelopment ha been actively conucte in everal project of which the afety pilot le by the Department of Tranportation in the USA an Drive-CX in Europe are the mot well-known [5] [6] The key performance parameter in WAVE are the throughput an elay becaue mot of it application require high capacity an low latency The performance of WAVE ha been invetigate uner variou conition an with ifferent approache For example performance evaluation of WAVE have been conucte bae on fiel meaurement The reult of teting in ifferent highway cenario are hown in [7] an ETRI Journal Volume 39 Number April Yoo-Seung Song an Hyun-Kyun Choi 13

2 Electronic toll collection Map ownloa Colliion warning Remote iagnoi Emergency brake light imite acce & etour warning provie in Section IV Finally ome concluing remark are given in Section V II erformance imit 1 Throughput an Delay imit Hazarou location warning ane change warning Cooperative aaptive cruie control Fig 1 Application for ITS ervice uing VX WAVE technology [8] in which the VX performance of the link coverage link acce time throughput an elay wa evaluate a the vehicle pee an network loa varie In aition the throughput an packet error rate () were imulate in urban traffic an crowe an/or non-crowe highway cenario in [9] an [1] repectively The reult were obtaine in term of the ignalto-noie ratio (SNR) an itance between vehicle A numerical analyi of the throughput an elay limit of IEEE 811a/b wa tuie in [11] where the maximum throughput an minimum elay were erive for ifferent payloa ize an tranmiion rate The effective packet tranmiion time an packet colliion probability were erive to compute the throughput for the IEEE 811 ytem in [1]; however the ytem configuration an channel were ifferent from thoe ue in WAVE ytem The author in [13] [15] how that the broacat reception rate an elay in vehicular a-hoc network are everely egrae a the number of tation increae ue to the mall ize contention winow caue by packet colliion Recent experimental reult on the packet elivery rate for vehicle-to-vehicle (VV) communication on typical urban highway were publihe in [16] an [17] for line-of-ight (OS) an non-line-of-ight conition However to the bet of our knowlege no tuie have been publihe that preent a numerical analyi of the broacat throughput or link buget limit for the WAVE ytem uing a path lo l In thi paper the maximum VV broacat throughput an link buget limit for WAVE ytem are analyze uing a path lo l Firt the maximum throughput an minimum elay of the IEEE 811p frame format an the upper boun of the for aitive white Gauian noie (AWGN) an faing channel are ecribe in Section II Next the VV link buget limit incluing the minimum enitivity an maximum allowable path lo uing a two-ray path lo l erive for AWGN an faing channel i etaile in Section III The maximum VV broacat throughput coniering the an path lo performance ecribe in the previou ection i It i ifficult to analyze the maximum throughput performance for a real WAVE ytem where everal vehicle are contening for a wirele meium To erive the maximum throughput an minimum elay the following aumption are mae to implify the analyi: a channel i ieal without packet loe; there i only one vehicle that tranmit packet an it queue i alway full; all other vehicle can only receive packet in orer to avoi packet colliion in the air; an finally when an ACK frame tranmiion i require the lowet ata rate of 3 Mbp i ue The phyical layer convergence proceure protocol ata unit (DU) format of the IEEE 811 HY conit of a phyical layer convergence proceure (C) preamble C heaer phyical layer ervice ata unit (SDU) tail an pa a hown in Fig The SDU format inclue a MAC heaer frame boy an frame check equence (FCS) fiel The value of the time uration of T pm T g an T a a well a other key C preamble RATE (4 ) Ctl T pm T g T a SIGNA (Tig) C heaer Re EN AR Tail SER (1 ) (1 ) (1 ) (6 ) (16 ) DATA SDU Tail (6 ) MAC heaer Dur ID A1 A A3 Seq A4 QoS Frame boy h p fc Fig DU frame format for IEEE 811p OFDM HY Table 1 arameter for IEEE 811a v IEEE 811p arameter 811a 811p Decription T lot 9 μ 13 μ Slot time T SIFS 16 μ 3 μ SIFS time T pm 16 μ 3 μ C preamble uration T g 4 μ 8 μ Signal fiel uration T DIFS 34 μ 58 μ DIFS time T ym 4 μ 8 μ Symbol time T gr 8 μ 16 μ Guar time T prop 1 μ ropagation time a FCS CW min 15 Contention winow minimum ize 14 Yoo-Seung Song an Hyun-Kyun Choi ETRI Journal Volume 39 Number April 17

3 Table SDU ubfiel ize for the ata an ACK frame arameter Size () Decription Moe h 3 8 Data MAC heaer p [ 34] 8 Data payloa fc 4 8 FCS ack 1 8 ACK MAC heaer Table 3 HY an N DBS of IEEE 811p Data rate (Mbp) Moulation Coe rate N DBS 1 3 BSK 1/ 4 45 BSK 3/ QSK 1/ QSK 3/ QAM 1/ QAM 3/ QAM / QAM 3/4 16 parameter are ummarize in Table 1 an Bae on the DU frame format the ata tranmiion uration for a given ata rate can be expree a 16 h p fc 6 Tata Tpm Tg Tym NDBS where h p an fc are the length of the MAC heaer for the ata payloa an FCS in repectively The term N DBS repreent the number of ata per OFDM ymbol the value of which are given in Table 3 Similarly the ACK tranmiion uration for a given ata rate can be written a 16 ack fc 6 Tack Tpm Tg Tym () NDBS where ack i the length of the MAC heaer for the ACK in The tranmiion cycle of the itribute coorination function in the IEEE 811 MAC conit of the itribute coorination function inter-frame pace (DIFS) eferral backoff/contention if neceary ata tranmiion hort interframe pace (SIFS) eferral an ACK tranmiion phae Therefore the maximum throughput can be written a M p Tack Tata Tack Tprop TDIFS TSIFS CWavg where the average backoff time CW avg = CW min T lot / Becaue the broacat oe not require an ACK frame the maximum throughput in can be further implifie to Throughput (Mbp) Mbp 45 Mbp 6 Mbp 9 Mbp 1 Mbp 18 Mbp 4 Mbp 7 Mbp MT ayloa ize (byte) Fig 3 Maximum throughput of the DSRC ytem for ifferent HY Delay (m) Mbp 45 Mbp 6 Mbp 9 Mbp 1 Mbp 18 Mbp 4 Mbp 7 Mbp MD ayloa ize (byte) Fig 4 Minimum elay of the DSRC ytem for ifferent HY M Tno_ack p T T T CW ata prop DIFS avg The packet elay i efine a the time uration of a packet tranmiion an it ucceful reception The minimum elay i given by D ata prop DIFS avg M T T T CW The reult for the maximum throughput an minimum elay of IEEE 811p a well a the maximum throughput limit (MT) an minimum elay limit (MD) are hown in Fig 3 an 4 repectively The MT an MD are obtaine by auming that the N DBS are infinite uch that the time uration for a ata tranmiion i zero The maximum throughput of IEEE 811p i approximately 18 Mbp for the 7-Mbp HY with a payloa of byte wherea the upper ETRI Journal Volume 39 Number April 17 Yoo-Seung Song an Hyun-Kyun Choi 15

4 limit i aroun 8 Mbp for an infinite ata rate The minimum elay i about 8 m for 7-Mbp HY with a payloa of byte wherea the lower limit i about m with an infinite ata rate Upper Boun for acket Error robability The error probability analyi for IEEE 811p wa conucte for AWGN an Rayleigh faing channel A Upper Boun of the in an AWGN Channel The SNR of a receive ignal can be written a E b (6) NBT b where E b i the energy per N i the noie enity in W/Hz T b i the tranmiion uration per an B i the channel banwith in the IEEE 811p OFDM HY The SNR per i E B (7) R b b BTb N where R = 1/T b i the tranmiion rate in Mbp The SNR per ymbol i then given by γ k (8) b where k i the number of per moulate ymbol Becaue of the cyclic prefix (or guar time) for each OFDM ymbol the power lo a g for each ymbol houl be coniere The power lo can be calculate from Table 1 a a g T T ym ym T gr 8 By coniering the power lo in (9) the SNR per ymbol become the average ymbol energy per noie enity an i written a a g (9) For an AWGN channel the ymbol error rate (SER) ym of all moulation cheme ue in the 811p OFDM HY can be erive from the SER of the N-ary pule-amplitue moulation (N-AM) a N -AM ym Q N N 1 (11) where the Q-function i the tail probability of the tanar normal itribution [18] Becaue binary phae hift keying (BSK) can be viewe a -ary AM an ha one per ymbol the error rate (BER) of BSK i given by Q BSK BSK -AM ym ym The SER of the N-ary quarature-amplitue moulation (N- QAM) cheme ue in the 811p OFDM HY can be written in AM form a N -QAM 1 3 ym Q N N 1 (13) Bae on the Gray coe ue in the 811p OFDM HY the BER of N-ary QAM can be written a [19] N-QAM 1 N-QAM ym (14) log N By ubtituting N = 4 16 an 64 in (14) an auming a high SNR for implicity the BER of quarature phae hift keying (QSK) 16 QAM an 64 QAM i given repectively by QSK Q (15) 16QAM Q 5 an (16) 64QAM Q 1 (17) The upper boun of the packet error probability for a packet length of [] i given in [] a packet 1 1 free a (18) where i the probability of error in the pairwie comparion of two path that iffer in length by When Viterbi har-eciion ecoing (HDD) i applie it can be given a k k 1 ( ) 1 o k k (19) k k ( 1 ) 1 k k 1 ( ) 1 even / The upper boun of the packet error rate can be approximate by coniering the firt few term which motly ominate The value of a an free for the convolutional encoer ue in IEEE 811 OFDM HY are hown in Table 4 [1] [] The upper boun of the i hown in Fig 5 for an AWGN channel The imulate packet length i 14 byte an Viterbi HDD i employe 16 Yoo-Seung Song an Hyun-Kyun Choi ETRI Journal Volume 39 Number April 17

5 Table 4 Value of free an a for the convolutional encoer (K = 7) ue in the IEEE 811 OFDM HY where the polynomial of g an g 1 are 133 an 171 repectively Data rate (Mbp) Coing rate (R) free a = free free / 1 { } /4 5 { } 4 /3 6 { } 1 BSK 1/ BSK 3/4 QSK 1/ QSK 3/4 16QAM 1/ 16QAM 3/4 64QAM /3 16QAM 3/ BSK 1/ () BSK 3/4 QSK 1/ QSK 3/4 16QAM 1/ (6) 16QAM 3/4 (7) 64QAM /3 (8) 16QAM 3/ ES/No (B) Fig 6 of IEEE 811p for a Rayleigh faing channel uing a Viterbi HDD for ifferent moulation an coing cheme where the packet length i 14 byte () (7) (6) (8) 1 5 III VV ink Buget 1 ath o Moel E S /N o (B) Fig 5 in term of E /N o for the IEEE 811p OFDM HY in an AWGN channel uing a Viterbi HDD for the ifferent moulation an coing cheme where the packet length i 14 byte B Upper Boun uner Rayleigh Faing Channel The BER of IEEE 811p in a Nakagami-m fat faing channel wa analyze in [3] A Rayleigh channel can be obtaine from a Nakagami channel with m = 1 The average BER of BSK with Viterbi HDD i given by BSK () The average BER of N-ary QAM uing a Viterbi HDD for IEEE 811p i given by where N-QAM N 1 1 N / N-QAM 1 i N logn i1 N -QAM i 15(i 1) N 115(i 1) () The uing a Viterbi HDD in a Rayleigh faing channel can be calculate uing (18) through the reult of which are plotte in Fig 6 for ifferent ata rate The two-ray path lo equation i ue to l the power attenuation uner highway conition Thi l conier a irect path (E OS ) an a groun reflection path (E REF ) The receive power [4] i given by an RX OS REF E E TX 1 j TX 1 rco r in jr e e R r r i co n where TX i the tranmitte power = / i the OS itance R i the reflecte groun itance i the angle of incience on a urface an r i the permittivity of the material If we efine the path lo a the receive power over the tranmitte ignal power can be written a j rco r in jr R r r e e co in Receiver Senitivity The parameter in Table 5 are from the WAVE highway tet ite eploye in South Korea The antenna gain of the OBU i omniirectional while that of the RSU i uniirectional The power level of the RSU an OBU are et to the maximum value The equivalent iotropically raiate power (EIR) i ETRI Journal Volume 39 Number April 17 Yoo-Seung Song an Hyun-Kyun Choi 17

6 Table 5 IEEE 811p/DSRC ytem link buget parameter arameter Value Unit Decription H RSU 15 m RSU height RSU 17 Bm RSU power G RSU 13 Bi RSU antenna gain EIR RSU 3 Bm EIR of RSU G OBU 7 Bi OBU antenna gain H OBU 15 m OBU height OBU 16 Bm OBU power EIR OBU 3 Bm EIR of OBU f c 58 GHz Center frequency BW 1 MHz Banwith compute by aing the antenna gain to the maximum tranmit power of each evice The link buget i uually ue to fin the effective coverage of the communication link The typical equation i given by SRX GRX ETX (6) in B where S RX G RX an E TX repreent the receiver enitivity receiver antenna gain an tranmitter EIR repectively Therefore G RX an E TX will be replace by G OBU an EIR OBU for the VV cenario The receiver enitivity in term of the SNR per ymbol atifying a pecific i given by [5] S 174 NF 1log R Impo RX 1 k (7) in B where NF R an Impo repreent the noie figure an/or factor the ata rate an the implementation lo repectively The with repect to the receiver enitivity in Fig 7 can be obtaine from (18) an (7) where AWGN channel conition are aume an the value of NF an Impo are et to 1 B an 5 B repectively Becaue QSK 1/ require le energy than that of BSK 3/4 to meet the ame the receiver enitivity of QSK 1/ i better than that of BSK 3/4 From Fig 7 it can be een that 64 QAM 3/4 HY (MCS) require a receiver enitivity of 7 Bm to meet a of 1% which i B higher than that of BSK 1/ The with repect to the receiver enitivity i hown in Fig 8 for a Rayleigh faing channel Overall the value of the receiver enitivity uner a faing channel i more than 15 B wore compare to that of an AWGN channel In aition it wa oberve that the HY with a coing rate of 1/ outperform that with a coing rate of 3/4 Now we can fin the in term of the by ubtituting (7) into (6) the reult of which are plotte in Fig 9 uner 1 BSK 1/ (3 Mbp) 1 5 BSK 3/4 (45 Mbp) QSK 1/ (6 Mbp) QSK 3/4 (9 Mbp) 16 QAM 1/ (1 Mbp) QAM 3/4 (18 Mbp) 64 QAM /3 (4 Mbp) 64 QAM 3/4 (7 Mbp) Receiver enitivity (Bm) Fig 7 v receiver enitivity uner AWGN channel where NF an Impo are 1 B an 5 B repectively () Receiver enitivity (Bm) Fig 8 v receiver enitivity for a Rayleigh faing channel where the NF an Impo are 1 B an 5 B repectively the ame conition of: BSK 1/ (3 Mbp) () BSK 3/4 (45 Mbp) QSK 1/ (6 Mbp) QSK 3/4 (9 Mbp) 16 QAM 1/ (1 Mbp) (6) 16 QAM 3/4 (18 Mbp) (7) 64 QAM /3 (4 Mbp) (8) 64 QAM 3/4 (7 Mbp) (6) (7) (8) S G E RX RX TX k 6 (8) in B The link buget for BSK 1/ to meet a of 1% i aroun 1 Bm wherea that of 64 QAM 3/4 i 1 Bm The link buget of the i imply a hifte verion of the receive enitivity bae on the amount of the receiver antenna gain an EIR of the tranmitter which increae the link buget an coverage A analyi in term of the wa performe for a Rayleigh faing channel a hown in Fig 1 The ytem obtaine a higher margin through the gain in the receiver antenna an the tranmit power We can alo fin the for a given VV itance by making an (8) have the ame value 18 Yoo-Seung Song an Hyun-Kyun Choi ETRI Journal Volume 39 Number April 17

7 BSK 1/ (3 Mbp) BSK 3/4 (45 Mbp) QSK 1/ (6 Mbp) QSK 3/4 (9 Mbp) 16 QAM 1/ (1 Mbp) 16 QAM 3/4 (18 Mbp) 64 QAM /3 (4 Mbp) 64 QAM 3/4 (7 Mbp) (Bm) Fig 9 v uner an AWGN channel where NF an Impo are 1 B an 5 B repectively 1 BSK 1/ (3 Mbp) BSK 3/4 (45 Mbp) QSK 1/ (6 Mbp) QSK 3/4 (9 Mbp) 16 QAM 1/ (1 Mbp) 16 QAM 3/4 (18 Mbp) 64 QAM /3 (4 Mbp) 64 QAM 3/4 (7 Mbp) Ditance (m) Fig 11 v VV itance for an AWGN channel uing the - ray path lo l (6) (7) (8) (8) (7) (6) (Bm) Fig 1 v uner a Rayleigh faing channel where NF an Impo are 1 B an 5 B repectively BSK 1/ (3 Mbp) () BSK 3/4 (45 Mbp) QSK 1/ (6 Mbp) QSK 3/4 (9 Mbp) 16 QAM 1/ (1 Mbp) (6) 16 QAM 3/4 (18 Mbp) (7) 64 QAM /3 (4 Mbp) (8) 64 QAM 3/4 (7 Mbp) E S G E b RX RX TX N 1 1 j 1 1 co r r in jr 1log1 e e R rco r in (9) The in term of the VV itance for an AWGN channel i hown in Fig 11 The lowet HY (MCS) (BSK 1/) can provie a link coverage of up to 15 km to meet a of 1% wherea the highet HY (MCS) (64 QAM 3/4) can reach approximately 45 m uner the ame conition It wa oberve that the link coverage rapily ecreae a the HY (MCS) increae The in term of the VV itance for a Rayleigh faing channel i hown in Fig 1 The increae in at aroun () () Ditance (m) Fig 1 v VV itance for a Rayleigh faing channel uing a two-ray path lo l BSK 1/ (3 Mbp) () BSK 3/4 (45 Mbp) QSK 1/ (6 Mbp) QSK 3/4 (9 Mbp) 16 QAM 1/ (1 Mbp) (6) 16 QAM 3/4 (18 Mbp) (7) 64 QAM /3 (4 Mbp) (8) 64 QAM 3/4 (7 Mbp) 1 m for the high HY i caue by a uen power rop in the two-ray path lo l IV Maximum VV Broacat Throughput It i intructive to etermine the maximum VV broacat throughput in term of itance when a path lo l i applie which can provie guiance towar atifying the QoS for a promiing ITS ervice uch a a baic ecurity meage broacat to ifferent vehicle [6] The analyi wa conucte uner the ame aumption a thoe ecribe in Section II with the exception that a tranmitte packet error occur becaue of the path lo in AWGN an faing channel The maximum VV broacat throughput with the two-ray path lo l can be etermine by following the tep lite in Table 6 The throughput in term of the VV itance for an AWGN ETRI Journal Volume 39 Number April 17 Yoo-Seung Song an Hyun-Kyun Choi 19

8 Table 6 Step ue to calculate the maximum throughput uing the l 1 reconition to obtain DB: - Get DB for (itance) from - Get DB for () for all HY from (8) - Get DB for MT ieal from for the broacat cae Compute max throughput for each HY for HY m for itance Fin () for a given Fin ( m) to have the ame () Convert into ( m ) for given m an Fin MT (m ) = MT ieal (m) [1 ( m )] en en Throughput (Mbp) BSK 1/ (3 Mbp) BSK 3/4 (45 Mbp) QSK 1/ (6 Mbp) QSK 3/4 (9 Mbp) 16 QAM 1/ (1 Mbp) 16 QAM 3/4 (18 Mbp) 64 QAM /3 (4 Mbp) 64 QAM 3/4 (7 Mbp) Ditance (m) Fig 13 Maximum throughput v the VV itance for an AWGN channel uing two-ray path lo l Throughput (Mbp) (8) (6) (7) () Ditance (m) Fig 14 Maximum throughput v VV itance for a Rayleigh faing channel uing two-ray path lo l BSK 1/ (3 Mbp) () BSK 3/4 (45 Mbp) QSK 1/ (6 Mbp) QSK 3/4 (9 Mbp) 16 QAM 1/ (1 Mbp) (6) 16 QAM 3/4 (18 Mbp) (7) 64 QAM /3 (4 Mbp) (8) 64 QAM 3/4 (7 Mbp) channel i hown in Fig 13 It can be een that the higher HY provie more throughput while the coverage ecreae The capability of the HY of 64 QAM 3/4 i 8 time greater than that of BSK 1/ although the coverage i only 1/3 The throughput in term of the VV itance for the Rayleigh faing channel i hown in Fig 14 The throughput coverage i much horter than that for the AWGN channel For the ame HY moulation a coing rate of 3/4 obtain more throughput but le coverage compare to a coing rate of 1/ The link coverage gap in the ifferent coing rate for the ame HY moulation i larger than that for the AWGN channel V Concluion In thi paper the performance of the WAVE ytem which i a DSRC ytem bae on the IEEE 811p tanar wa icue The purpoe of the analyi wa to erive the maximum VV broacat throughput for AWGN an faing channel uing a two-ray path lo l A few aumption were mae to achieve the maximum VV throughput uch a no packet colliion the ue of a full buffer l an only packet rop caue by the egraation of the tranmitte power in AWGN an faing channel The upper boun of the bae on the WAVE ytem were erive uing a Viterbi HDD to obtain more practical reult The analyi wa performe uing a two-ray path lo l an a imple topology the maximum coverage of which wa approximately 15 m an 11 m for AWGN an faing channel repectively It houl be note that other topologie can be evaluate by imply applying ifferent path lo l One intereting obervation of note i that HY with a high coing rate uch a 1/ are more beneficial than thoe uing 3/4 in term of the throughput an coverage particularly in faing channel The performance reult obtaine incluing the receiver enitivity an link buget analyi provie goo inight into cell planning a well a the harware performance requirement Reference [1] apaimitrato et al Vehicular Communication Sytem: Enabling Technologie Application an Future Outlook on Intelligent Tranportation IEEE Commun Mag vol 47 no 11 Nov 9 pp [] IEEE811 IEEE Stanar for Information Technology- Telecommunication an Information Exchange Between Sytem ocal an Metropolitan Area Network Specific Requirement art11: Wirele AN Meium Acce Control (MAC) an hyical ayer (HY) Specification IEEE icataway NJ USA 1 Yoo-Seung Song an Hyun-Kyun Choi ETRI Journal Volume 39 Number April 17

9 [3] YJ i An Overview of the DSRC/WAVE Technology: Quality Reliability Security an Robutne in Heterogeneou Network Huton TX USA: Springer Berlin Heielberg 1 pp [4] JB Kenney S Barve an V Rai Comparing Communication erformance of DSRC OBE from Multiple Supplie ITS Worl Congre Vienna Autria Oct 6 1 pp 8 87 [5] ITS Joint rogram Office Connecte Vehicle Safety ilot OST-R US Department of Tranportation 1 Accee July [6] Matthia Schulze Drive CX European Commiion 14 Accee July [7] YS Song SW ee an HS Oh erformance Evaluation of WAVE Communication Sytem uner a High-pee Driving Conition in a Highway J Korea Int Intell Tran Syt vol 1 no 3 13 pp 96 1 [8] S-C Kim An Evaluation of the erformance of Wirele Network in Vehicle Communication Environment J Korean Int Commun Inform Sci vol 36 no 1A 11 pp [9] J Maurer T Fügen an W Wiebeck hyical ayer Simulation of IEEE811a for Vehicle to Vehicle Communication IEEE Veh Technol Conf Dalla TX USA Sept pp [1] Y Zang et al An Error Moel for Inter-vehicle Communication in Highway Scenario at 59 GHz ACM Int Workhop erformance Evaluation Wirele A-hoc Senor Ubiquitou Netw Quebec Canaa Oct pp [11] Y Xiao an J Roahl Throughput an Delay imit of IEEE 811 IEEE Commun ett vol 6 no 8 Aug pp [1] ES Ha Throughput Analyi of acket Applie to the Tranmiion robability for CSMA/CA rotocol in Wirele AN J Internet Comput Service vol 1 no 1 9 pp [13] C Campolo et al Moeling Broacating in IEEE 811 p/wave Vehicular Network IEEE Commun ett vol 15 no Dec 11 pp199 1 [14] Y Fallah et al Analyi of Information Diemination in Vehicular A-hoc Network with Application to Cooperative Vehicle Safety Sytem IEEE Tran Veh Technol vol 6 no 1 Oct 1 pp [15] X Ma an X Chen Delay an Broacat Reception Rate of Highway Safety Application in Vehicular A hoc Network Mobile Netw Veh Environment Anchorage AK USA May 11 7 pp 85 9 [16] Y Wang et al Reliability Evaluation of IEEE 811 p-bae Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication in an Urban Expreway Tinghua Sci Technol vol no 4 Aug 15 pp [17] ME Rena et al IEEE 811 p VANet: Experimental Evaluation of acket Inter-reception Time Comput Commun vol 75 Feb 16 pp 6 38 ETRI Journal Volume 39 Number April 17 [18] A Golmith Wirele Communication Cambrige USA: Cambrige Univerity re 5 p 18 [19] S Mangol S Choi an N Eeling An Error Moel for Raio Tranmiion of Wirele AN at 5GHz Achen Signal Theory Aachen Germany Sept 1 pp 9 14 [] AJ Viterbi Convolutional Coe an Their erformance in Communication Sytem IEEE Tran Commun Technol vol 19 no 5 Oct 1971 pp [1] J Conan The Weight Spectra of Some Short ow-rate Convolutional Coe IEEE Tran Commun vol 3 no 9 Sept 1984 pp [] D Haccoun an G Begin High-Rate uncture Convolutional Coe for Viterbi an Sequential Decoing IEEE Tran Commun vol 37 no 11 Nov 1989 pp [3] MK Simon an MS Alouini Digital Communication over Faing Channel Hoboken NJ USA: Wiley-IEEE re 5 p 4 [4] TS Rappaport Wirele Communication Upper Sale River NJ USA: rentice Hall RT pp 1 15 [5] C Dou an JM Chang An Analytical Moel for Deriving Receiver Senitivity an Minimum Tranmit ower in 8156 Wirele Boy Area Network IEEE MTT-S Int Microw Workhop Serie RF Wirele Technol Biome Healthcare Applicat Taipei Sept pp [6] SAE J945TM On-Boar Sytem Requirement for VV Safety Communication SAE Warrenale A USA 16 Yoo-Seung Song i a principal reearcher at the Autonomou Vehicle Infratructure Reearch Section in the ETRI Daejeon Rep of Korea He receive the BS egree in electrical engineering from Changwon National Univerity Rep of Korea in 1996 an MS an hd egree in electrical an computer engineering from Wichita State Univerity KS USA in 1998 an 1 repectively From 1 to 5 he wa with the Meia ab of Samung Electronic Suwon Rep of Korea Since joining ETRI in 5 hi work ha been focue on next-generation WAN 3D-ray tracing WAVE C-ITS an VX Communication Hyun-Kyun Choi i a principal reearcher of the Autonomou Vehicle Infratructure Reearch Section ETRI Daejeon Rep of Korea He receive the BS an MS egree in electronic engineering from Kyungpook National Univerity Daegu Rep of Korea in 1995 an 1997 repectively an the hd egree in electronic engineering from Chungnam National Daejeon Rep of Korea in 15 He joine ETRI in Hi reearch interet inclue intelligent vehicle VV VI communication ITS an ON Yoo-Seung Song an Hyun-Kyun Choi 1