Revolutionary Communications

Transcription

1 Revolutionary Communications Will Stewart Chief Scientist, Marconi Communications Traffic Forecast (1996)-2005 Terabytes/Day CAGR Internet 95.8% Voice over IP 30% Data Traffic 30% Circuit Switched 12.1% Source : Renaissance Analysis

2 UK Mobile (voice) growth, OfTEL MegaMinutes pa Fixed Mobile Year How much data? About 40,000 movies have been released in the US - at 4GigaBytes/movie (DVD) this is about bits = 1000 TeraBit ~ 1 MovieBrain 1 MB/minute MP3 file A 10 Terabit (10 13 )/sec optical link will transmit this in about 2 minutes!

3 Service Provider Revenues $bn Data & IP Revenues Switched Voice Revenues Source: Dataquest Year Service Provider Revenues/2 $bn Data & IP Revenues New Data Service Revenues IP Revenues Source: RHK Switched Voice Revenues Source: Dataquest Year

4 New Public Network Architecture Cable Corporate Data Broadband Access PSTN Mobile Intelligent Optical Transport & Switching Enhanced Service & Connection servers NPN Internet Key Issues Transport capacity -> Photonics Switching -> shift functions to the optical layer (transparency) Mobility -> Mobile, IP Control moving to the edge IP quality of service -> MPLS/MPlamS Integration with legacy systems

5 NPN Applications Application Class DEMAND FOR: Speed/user Low Latency Low Delay Telephone 64k L H Billions 12% Low M N ASP, remote support, (Luminate, Xdrive, Medical)? H H 100's k 109% H Video/TV (BBC..) M L no 100's M L Radio (Live 365, realplayer) 64k-? L L 100's M L Internet 50k-10M H M 10'sM 96% L Games 50k-10M H M 100's M 100% M Online Auctions (Ebay, Dovebid) 64k-10M H H H e-commerce? H M 100'sM VH Exotic Caching (Akamai, ValueClick) H H H H M Games support (Powerplay) H H 100'sM H M H Grid Computing/Thin client (Sychron)?1-10M M-H M? H M M Freecalls 64k L H Billions H M L Positional data/wap k H M 100's M 14%? H L L Potential user base AGR Network info Security Network Control Deployment Trend of SONET/SDH and WDM Access / Edge Medium sized networks Core Largest networks SONET/SDH Metro WDM Fibre

6 Wave Characteristics Wavelength -> size of antenna Frequency - > ability to carry information velocity Frequency, TeraHertz µm 0.55 µm 0.7 µm Wavelength, µm

7 The Electromagnetic Spectrum db/km attenuation 1 Atmospheric absorption Fog Fibre MHz 10 GHz 10 THz 1PHz Radio K microwave background hot body Sunlight Electromagnetic Information Log scales Atmospheric absorption Fog Fibre 10 MHz 10 GHz 1PHz Linear Frequency scale 100 THz

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9 Optical Fibre Capacities Number of channels Year Terabit/sec/fibre Total Rate, GBitês Factorêyr = Growth rate ~ *1.7 per year Year Channel Rate Channel Rate, GBitês 1000 Factorêyr = Year

10 Spectral Efficiency Bits/sec/Hz BitsêHz Factorêyr = Year Rate v range Total Rate, GBitês Log Gradient = Range, km

11 Moore's Law 10 8 Transistors per chip after G Moore, Intel year Growth rate ~ *1.4 per year New Optical Networks The growth in optical fibre capacity (60-80% pa) is outstripping The (Moore s law) growth in processor speeds (~25% pa and falling)* Total Rate, GBitês Optical fibre Silicon Year Sources: fibre: reported data major conferences Silicon: International roadmap 1999 *classic x2/18 months includes increasing chip sizes!

12 New Optical Networks This led in the mid-90 s to the rise of WDM: Increasing channels/fibre Year Source: fibre: reported data major conferences Trends Performance v cost for Fibre and Silicon performance êcost 500 Single optical Fibre (conference data) Disk Drive (Philips) Silicon Performance (International Roadmap) DRAM (Philips)

13 Dense WDM for switching Switch But now the processors in switches cannot cope with the fibre data delivery rate and some of the the switching functions are moving into the optical regime:- Switch Transport Transport Dense WDM for routing

14 Convergence - IP / MPLS / WDM Voice Services Data Call control IP Signalling Switching SDH MPLS (Label) ATM MPLS (Lambda) WDM Fibre Off-loading Switched Data Traffic onto the Managed Photonic Layer Direct IP IP IP Reducing network costs Switched glass & air cheaper than silicon & copper! IP cloud Transport cloud WDM Transit and restoration traffic: 60-70%

15 New Optical Networks New Technologies:- Control MPLS Lasers Detectors Electrical XCs Optical ADMs SDH networks MPLambdaS tunable lasers tunable detectors wavelength translators Optical XCs -> wavelength-selective OXCs Optical ADMs Static WDM overlayed SDH -> Dynamically reconfigurable SDH/WDM Scale v speed for Electronics & Photonics Scale, µm Modulator Tunable laser VCSEL Silicon Technology Yariv Er band Frequency, THz

16 GaAs Modulator RF Response Gbit/s data transmission GaAs Modulator Measured Optical Modulation (db) -3 LiNb0 3 Modulator -6 GaAs Modulator Modelling Frequency (GHz) GaAs/AlGaAs Mach-Zender Modulator RF Conductive n-doped layer S.I. Substrate

17 Fiber Grating Holographic Fabrication Technique Performance of actual filters Transmission (db) Fiber Grating (100 GHz) Bulk Diffraction Grating (100 GHz) Dielectric filter Wavelength (nm)

18 3D MEMS OXC Mirror arrays Fibre arrays 256 ports > 1,000 ports SG-DBR Tunable Laser Source Optical Output Power (mw in fibre) Module 9831L Tuning Comb; Superimposed Spectra Wavelength (nm)

19 Laser Structure Principle of Optical Cross-connect Based on Tuneable Laser and Passive Router TP TP TP TP TP TP Transponder Waveguide Grating Router / NxN AWG Router #1 #1 #8 #8 Routes inputs to outputs according to input port number and input wavelength Tuneable laser Passive, reliable, piece of glass!

20 Minimum IC structure dimensions (as reported at the IEEE SSC conference) 10 Minimum dimension, µm Forecast average Range for optical microstructures After Alec Broers Year Zoom Movie All actual pictures of electronic devices (movie by Richard Beanland)

21 pbg integration technology High confinement implies dense circuits without crosstalk -- needed to match electronic densities and switch performance Hole Array (Glasgow) Self-assembled Pyramid Array (Imperial College)