Project: IEEE P Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)

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1 Project: IEEE P Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs) Title: Feasibility test of THz channel for high-speed wireless link Date Submitted: 12 Nov 2013 Source: Jae-Young Kim, Ho-Jin Song, Makoto Yaita, Akihiki Hirata, and Katsuhiro Ajito Company: NTT Microsystem Integration Labs. Address: 3-1 Morinosato-Wakamiya, Atsugi, Kanagawa , Japan Voice: , FAX: , Abstract: For high speed wireless communication, a feasibility test of THz channel has been presented. Previously, we presented preliminary experiment results for 300 GHz wireless link (doc. IEEE thz, Nov. 2010). In this contribution, we provide recent progress based on THz photonics and MMIC technologies for higher throughput. Purpose: for discussion Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE P It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes the property of IEEE and may be made publicly available by P Slide 1

2 Feasibility test of THz channel for highspeed wireless link Slide 2

3 Increasing Mobile Traffic Increasing of digital information and changing from Wire to Wireless ~26 times Source: Cisco Visual Networking Index: Global Mobile Data Traffic Forecast Update, Slide 3

4 WPAN in Future WPAN exist for close wireless connections of electronics Advance of electronics requires faster connection 1Mb/s 1Gb/s Bluetooth 10Gb/s UWB 100Gb/s 15.3c - 60GHz Next PHY? Slide 4

5 Fast how much? Wireless throughput is rapidly increasing 100Gbit/s is a milestone for next generation wireless connection Slide

6 Relative intensity (db) /80dB November 2013 Channels for100gbit/s (SG100G) Potential technologies in mmw, THz and IR for 100Gbit/s mmw (60GHz) THz (0.3-1THz) Infrared Channel BW 7 GHz GHz for 100Gbit/s 4ch 16QAM-OFDM 16QAM to QPSK ASK Issue Channel BW Device / IC tech. Channel Obstacles THz channel : Technology limitation than channel availability THz 0 Region for THz wireless 1 THz Slide Kim Jae-Young, 1.8 NTT 2.0 Frequency (THz) Absorptions by 30-cm air path 2 THz

7 Attenuation (db/m) November 2013 THz channels for wireless Several frequency windows having attenuation less than 1 db/m 10 Heavy rain (100mm/h) Bands (GHz) BW 1 Rain (20mm/h) GHz GHz E-3 * * Dry air Frequency (GHz) GHz GHz GHz GHz GHz GHz Slide 7

8 Is it possible? Feasibility test of THz channel Trial of IC availability Channels and Modulation formats fc=300ghz BW=40GHz ASK 20Gbit/s QPSK 40Gbit/s 300-GHz band Wireless link feasibility Wideband RF signaling over 10% BW PSK modulation / demodulation fc=700ghz Ch. BW=100GHz QPSK 100Gbit/s (roll off ~1) fc=300ghz Ch. BW=40GHz 16QAM 100Gbit/s (roll off ~0.5) Slide 8

9 Data rate (Gbps) November 2013 Wireless link 300 GHz ~45-dBi antenna gain enables 20Gb/s ASK or 40Gb/s PSK link Quantity Symb ol Value Transmitting power P t 10 dbm Carrier frequency f c 300 GHz Wavelength c 1 mm Distance d 1 meter Atmospheric attenuation a 0.01 f c Excess loss L ex 0 db Noise spectral density N 0 Spectral efficiency -178 dbm/hz 1 bps/hz Noise bandwidth B Data rate spectral efficiency Total noise figure NF 15 db System margin M 10 db Slide 9 1 BER < 10-9 Shannon's max. capacity BPSK / QPSK ASK (noncoherent) without FEC Antenna (Tx. + Rx.) gain (dbi)

10 Feasibility test Photonic technology : a good tool for feasibility test Slide 10

11 Photonic-THz transmitter Simple THz-wave generation and broadband modulation UTC-PD output of max. 350 GHz and 1 THz optical heterodyning 2 PPG Laser1 EOM UTC-PD Laser2 1 f THz = 1 2 Slide 11

12 Limitation of conventional PD Holes limit carrier transit time in photodiode Thin absorption layer increases capacitance Slide 12

13 Uni-traveling carrier photodiode Separation of hole and electron traveling Free from the transit time and capacitance trade-off Slide 13

14 Normalized Responsivity (db) November 2013 SBD detector Antenna integrated SBD (on same epilayer with UTC-PD) and Si lens Metal housing i-ingaasp Barrier layer SBD UTC-PD Hemispherical silicon lens Coaxial connector for data output r =12 InP substrate 0-10 Directivity ~19 dbi H-Plane E-Plane ~180 um antenna SBD (0.5mm x 1.2 mm) Angle (degree) Slide 14

15 log(ber) November 2013 ASK transmission for SBD detector 20Gbps (BER=10-9 ) transmission over 0.5m with 74dBi antenna gain 25dBi 15dBi 19dBi UTC-PD output = -11dBm LNA -4 UTCPD SBD Bias-Tee To ED 50 cm limiting Dielectric Lens SBD detector ps/DIV H.-J. Song et al, Electron, Lett Slide 15 Photocurrent (ma)

16 db November 2013 Integrated ASK receiver Integrated antenna, amplifier (24-dB gain) and HBT detector Data xdata 40 RF bandwidth > 30GHz On-chip Dipole antenna 3-stage amplifier HBT detector & Differential amp measured gain of 3-stage amp. Rx module response -20 Hemispherical silicon lens Frequency (GHz) Slide 16

17 ASK transmission for integrated receiver 20Gbps (BER=10-9 ) transmission over 0.3m with 45dBi antenna gain UTC-PD output = -10dBm 25dBi UTCPD 20dBi HBT-Rx Limiting Amp. To ED HBT Detector 30 cm 15 ps/div Q-factor > 6 (BER< 10-9 ) 30cm UTC -PD 15 Gbps 20 Gbps 22 Gbps Slide 17 - H.-J. Song et al, IEEE trans. THz sci. tech. 2013

18 Data rate (Gbps) November 2013 Budget vs Demo. Demonstrated 20Gb/s ASK transmission with 45-dBi antenna gain using ASK receiver of ~15dB noise figure BER < 10-9 Shannon's max. capacity HBT Receiver BPSK / QPSK ASK (noncoherent) without FEC SBD detector Quantity Transmitting power Symbol Budget calculation Link Demo. With HBT receiver P t 10 dbm -10 dbm Distance d 1 meter 0.3 meter Total noise figure NF 15 db ~15 db System margin M ( 10 db ) Antenna (Tx. + Rx.) gain (dbi) Equivalent link parameters Slide 18

19 RoF + THz wireless Photonic-based THz transmitter with UTC-PD for THz RoF (Radio-on-Fiber) system PPG RoF: Radio-on-Fiber PC EOM TLS1 TLS2 Slide 19

20 Quadrature Signaling QPSK modulation and demodulation, for >40Gbps data 300-GHz band using MMICs 300GHz I/Q Modulator I Q Data Quadrature LO QVCO Covered with metal 300GHz I/Q demodulator I Q Data Slide nm InP HBT f T /f max > 350/650 GHz

21 for THz MMICs Inverted microstripline (InvMSL) for low-loss core interconnections Isolation of antenna and core parts by thru-substrate-via Isolated core from antenna Antenna Top metal Thin metal Microstrip for Passives and Antenna Inverted MSL for Core InP substrate Active. Active. Slide 21

22 Waveform [V. a.u] November 2013 Quadrature LO source QVCO to replace quadrature LO supply chains with lossy passives of baluns and hybrids RF=326 GHz, IF=250 MHz QVCO Covered with metal I Q Time [/period] Slide 22 - J.-Y. Kim et al, IEEE Microw. comp. letts. 2013

23 Power (dbm/10mhz) November 2013 QPSK 300-GHz I/Q modulator and demodulator BW is >40GHz Recently, >50Gbit/s back-to-back error transmission demonstrated. -30 Measured spectrum of 40Gbps QPSK Po = -13 dbm Simulation results -40 IQ constellation of 40Gbps Spectrum 40Gbps 300GHz Freq (GHz) - H.-J. Song et al, EuMIC 2013 Slide 23

24 Toward 100 Gbit/s More spectral efficiency to double the throughput fc=300ghz BW=40GHz QPSK 40Gbit/s Higher-order modulation fc=300ghz Ch. BW=40GHz 16QAM 100Gbit/s (roll off ~0.5) Feasibility checked for GHz wireless channel capacity - MMIC availability for QPSK Issues - Phase noise of LO source - Amplifier nonlinearity, ADC and DSP Slide 24

25 Summary THz-wave: potential candidate for PHY of broadband WPAN over 100 Gbit/s Feasibility test of THz-wave with photonic and MMIC 300-GHz band - 20Gbit/s ASK transmission has been demonstrated - QPSK up to 50Gbit/s has been achieved Slide 25

November 2010 doc.: IEEE thz

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