Available Ocean Color Satellite Imagery
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1 Available Ocean Color Satellite Imagery Mati Kahru Scripps Institution of Oceanography UCSD, La Jolla, CA , USA also at WimSoft, /12/2010 Wimsoft
2 12/12/2010 Wimsoft C Mati Kahru,
3 Historical Ocean-Colour Sensors SENSOR AGENCY SATELLITE CZCS CMODIS COCTS CZI GLI MMRS NASA (USA) CNSA (China) CNSA (China) CNSA (China) NASDA (Japan) CONAE (Argentina) Nimbus-7 (USA) SZ-3 (China) HY-1A (China) HY-1A (China) ADEOS-II (Japan) SAC-C (Argentina) OPERATING DATES 24/10/78-22/6/86 25/3/02-15/9/02 15/5/02-1/4/04 15/5/02-1/4/04 14/12/02-24/10/03 21/11/00 ~ 2009 SWATH (km) RESOLUTION (m) # OF BANDS SPECTRAL COVERAGE(n m) ORBIT Polar ,500 Polar ,500 Polar Polar / ,500 Polar Polar MOS DLR (Germany) IRS P3 (India) 21/3/96-31/5/ Polar OCI NEC (Japan) ROCSAT-1 (Taiwan) 27/01/99-16/6/ ,500 Polar OCTS NASDA (Japan) ADEOS (Japan) 17/8/96-29/6/ ,500 Polar OSMI KARI (Korea) KOMPSAT-1 /Arirang- 1(Korea) 20/12/99-31/1/ Polar POLDER CNES (France) ADEOS (Japan) 17/8/96-29/6/ km Polar POLDER-2 CNES (France) ADEOS-II (Japan) 14/12/02-24/10/ updated 02/23/2010
4 4
5 5
6 SeaWiFS sensor on OrbView 2 Orbit: Type: Sun-synchronous Altitude: 705 km Equatorial Crossing: Noon ± 20 min Inclination: 98.2 Period: 99 minutes <- before launch SeaWiFS, launched in 1997, still the gold standard in ocean color due to best orbit (noon), tilting away from the Sun glint, and best calibration SeaWiFS/OrbView 2 - the only sensor on the platform while MODIS/Aqua, MERIS/Envisat, etc have many instruments with conflicting requirements SeaWiFS calibration is a mixture of in-flight calibration against the Moon plus vicarious calibration versus MOBY 6
7 SeaWiFS, 1997/09 present, ~4 km (GAC) globally, 1 km (merged LAC) available globally , from 2006 for ~N America 7
8 CZCS on NIMBUS-7, 1978/ /06, 1 km, reprocessed 2006 gap, 1986/ /10, ~ 10 years (local and interrupted coverage by MOS in 1996) OCTS on ADEOS, 1996/ /06, (1 km) 4 km, reprocessed 2006 gap, 1997/ /09, ~ 2 months SeaWiFS, 1997/09 present, 1 km, after 2005 limited LAC (MLAC), GAC, interrupted data flow from 2008 on MODIS onterra, 1999-, 1 km, 250 m, bad calibration MERIS on ENVISAT, 2002, 1 km (RR), 300 m (FR), Sentinel follow-on) MODIS on Aqua, 2002/11-present, 1 km, 250 m GLI on ADEOS-2, failed after ~6 months, 2003 VIIRS on NPP (NPOESS Preparatory Mission), Oct. 2011? VIIRS on JPSS1 (Joint Polar Satellite System), formerly NPOESS, ~3/2015? VIIRS on JPSS2, ~5/2018? ACE, GEO-CAPE, Hyspiri 8
9 Processing Level: Level 0 - raw radiance counts from sensor, spacecraft and instrument telemetry data Level 1A -Level-0 data with appended calibration and navigation data, instrument and spacecraft telemetry Level 1B calibrated radiances at sensor level, i.e. TOA Level 2 - geophysical values, derived from Level-1A by applying sensor calibration, atmospheric corrections, and bio-optical algorithms, e.g. chlor_a, Rrs412, Rrs443,.. Level 3 - Binned (time and space), SMI (Standard Mapped Image) mapped to Equidistant Cylindrical projection, at ~ 4.6 km, 9 km spatial resolution Level 4 After application of models (e.g. Net Primary Production, Export Flux of Carbon) to L3 data 9
10 Examples: Level 2 - geophysical values, derived by applying calibrations, atmospheric corrections, and bio-optical algorithms, e.g. chlor_a, Rrs412, Rrs443,.. Level 3 - Binned (time and space), SMI (Standard Mapped Image) mapped to Equidistant Cylindrical projection, at ~ 4.6 km, 9 km spatial resolution Level 4 After application of models (e.g. Net Primary Production, Export Flux of Carbon) to L3 data 10
11 Use Level-1&2 browser to download individual L2 datasets (swaths), or order multiple sets of L2 data Use FTP (wget) to download global mapped L3 (SMI) data, then bzip2 d or gzip -d
12
13 Contents of a MODIS L2 file (R2009.1): longitude, latitude aot_869, angstrom Rrs_412, 443, 469, 488, 531, 547, 555, 645, 667, 678 chlor_a Kd_490 pic poc cdom_index ipar nflh par l2_flags In earlier versions: nlw_412, nlw_443, nlw_488, nlw_531, nlw_551, nlw_667, sst 13
14 Contents of a MODIS SST L2 file (R2007): longitude, latitude sst qual_sst l2_flags 14
15 Contents of a SeaWiFS L2 file (R2009.1): longitude, latitude aot_865 angstrom Rrs_412, 443, 490, 510, 555, 670 chlor_a Kd_490 pic poc cdom_index par l2_flags 15
16 MERIS RR (reduced resolution, = 1 km) data freely available Dataset Product type Server Address MERIS RR reprocessed dataset MER_RR 1P MER_RR 2P Caution: downloading slow and tricky MERIS FR (Full Resolution, = 300 m) data available with restrictions U s P e a r n s a w o m e r d
17 Contents of a MERIS L2 RR file: reflec_1,, reflec_14 water_vapour algal_1 (empirical band ratio algorithm) algal_2 (NN algorithm) yellow_subs total_susp photosyn_rad toa_veg, boa_veg rect_refl_red, rect_refl_nir surf_press aero_alpha aero_opt_tick_443, 550, 865 cloud_albedo, cloud_opt_thick, cloud_top_press, cloud_type l2_flags 17
18 FTP service: ftp.acri.fr, login globcolour_data, password fgh678 Directories: GLOB_4KM, EURO_4KM, EURO_2KM
19 FTP service: ftp.acri.fr, login globcolour_data, password fgh678 Directories: GLOB_4KM, EURO_4KM, EURO_2KM Directory structure under FPS: Contents of a GLobColour 4 km CHL1 file: CHL1_mean in ISIN projection (4.7 km)
20 Tools SeaDAS Pros: Free, developed by NASA, essential for L1->L2 processing (calibration, atmospheric correction), source code in C, IDL Cons: antiquated user interface, no native Windows version (through virtual machine) BEAM Pros: Free, developed by Brockmann Consult for ESA, modern user interface written in Java Cons: primarily for MERIS and other Envisat sensors WIM/WAM Pros: Many high-level applications, e.g. anomalies, fronts, EOF, trend detection, native Windows interface Cons: not free,
21 Course materials:
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