Pléiades imagery for coastal and inland water applications
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1 Pléiades imagery for coastal and inland water applications Pléiades Quinten Vanhellemont & PONDER project dredging ship PONDER SR/00/325
2 «Ocean colour remote sensing» Remote sensing of open ocean demonstrated with CZCS (1980s): unprecedented observation of phytoplankton distribution More operational era with SeaWiFS ( ), MODIS-T (1999- ), MODIS-A (2002- ), MERIS ( ), VIIRS (2011- ), OLCI (2016- ) With bands and atmospheric correction more adapted for coastal water applications: retrieval of suspended sediment and chlorophyll concentration A/C typically uses black pixel assumption in two near-infrared bands «Moderate» spatial resolution (MODIS 1 km, MERIS/OLCI 300 m) Wide-swath sensors (MODIS: 2200 km) > high revisit rate (~daily at 52N)
3 January ( ) July ( ) time-series at W07 Suspended particulate matter concentration seasonality in SPM Chlorophyll a concentration spring blooms SeaWiFS (x), MERIS ( ) and MODIS-Aqua ( ) 17+ years of data Vanhellemont & Ruddick (2011) Generalized satellite image processing: eight years of ocean colour data for any region on earth. Proceedings of the SPIE remote sensing conference 2011
4 «High resolution» With the launch of Landsat 8 (2013) and Sentinel-2 (2015-, ) increase in interest for water applications of high resolution data: Better radiometric performance compared to older missions Open data access from the get-go Spatial resolution (10-60m) relevant for human activities at sea and in inland waters SWIR bands!
5 Vanhellemont, Q., Ruddick, K., (2014). Turbid wakes associated with offshore wind turbines observed with Landsat 8 econews.com.au S2B/MSI RGB RCO London Array Offshore Wind Farm
6 Flinterstar sank 6 October 2015 in front of Zeebrugge after collision with LNG carrier Flinterstar wreck tidal current S2A/MSI Photo: ANP After >1.5 years in tidal coastal waters (the ship split during a storm in Nov. 2015) 3 May 2016 S2A/MSI Photo: Quinten Vanhellemont, thanks to RBINS/SURV S2A/MSI
7 Vanhellemont, Q. & Ruddick, K. (2017) A near-shore phytoplankton bloom in Belgian waters observed from space VLIZ MSD 2017 chla
8 «Pléiades advantage» Pléiades constellation - 2 pointable very high resolution satellites - four 2.8 m spectral bands, one 0.7 m pan - very affordable for Belgian public institutions PONDER objectives - develop and validate an atmospheric correction for aquatic applications of high resolution sensors, implemented in an open source processor - evaluate Pléiades capabilities for coastal sediment mapping (Belgium and France), characterisation of multi-sensor validation sites - evaluate Pléiades capabilities for inland water quality monitoring in Belgian Lakes
9 Pléiades 1A (10:52 UTC)
10 «Atmospheric correction» Aims: Separate atmospheric and surface signals Good performance for water applications, applicable to land sites Fully image based, no external measurements (e.g. AOT) required Generic for very high resolution sensors
11 «Atmospheric correction» Relative Spectral Response functions of the imagers on Pléiades 1A and 1B
12 «Atmospheric correction» TOA reflectance computed based on Pléiades TOA radiance and solar irradiance Correction for gas transmittances (H2O and O3) based on ancillary data from NCEP MET and AURA/OMI Dark spectrum selected from image (suitable dark pixels in each band) Dark spectrum is fit to different aerosol models for viewing geometry and atmospheric pressure (LUT generated using 6SV) Each band + model combination gives an estimate of atmospheric path reflectance -> best model is selected according to fit to red/nir bands (or user specification)
13 Schelde De Donk Oudenaarde P1A :08 source L1 data: Belgian Pléiades Archive, RBINS/PONDER processing
14 0.1% darkest NIR 0.1% darkest BLUE Oudenaarde P1A :08 source L1 data: Belgian Pléiades Archive, RBINS/PONDER processing
15 Black dots : «Dark Spectrum» Dashed line: Rayleigh aerosol models
16 Blue band Green band Red band NIR band
17 For each model, the band giving lowest AOT is selected Select model according to RMSD (spectral or selected bands)
18 «AOT retrieval» (Vanhellemont in prep.)
19 «Validation (AOT)» Excellent correlation, but slope difference -> aerosol types not really seperable with Pléiades bands (especially at low τa) -> confident in ρpath estimate, but precise aerosol not in LUT (Vanhellemont in prep.)? uncertainty ancillary data? improve pixel and band selection? adjacency effects inflating τa
20 «Validation (reflectance)» (Vanhellemont in prep.) MOW1 AERONET-OC tidal effects no bounding in situ
21 «Validation (reflectance)» (Vanhellemont in prep.) MOW1 AERONET-OC tidal resuspension!
22 «Validation (reflectance)» (Vanhellemont in prep.) MOW1 AERONET-OC PHR1A / MOW1
23 «Water application (Zeebrugge)» PHR1A / Zeebrugge
24 «Water application (Zeebrugge)» PHR1A / Zeebrugge
25 Zeebrugge P1A :10 Turbidity inside wake 4x ambient! MOW1 400 m (Vanhellemont in prep.)
26 «Water application (Gironde)» P1B P1B P1A P1A Pauillac, Gironde, P1B Dordogne and Garonne waters
27 «Water application (Gironde)» One of five autonomous turbidity measuring stations in the Gironde estuary. Used for validation of satellite imagery and sediment transport models. P1A
28 «Conclusions» Automated atmospheric correction scheme accurately estimates path reflectance from the satellite image itself Promising retrieval of AOT although not the main aim of the atmospheric correction Surface reflectances accurately retrieved for MOW1 AERONET-OC station High resolution allows for more accurate turbidity estimation in turbid regions with high spatial variability VHR sensors could aid the assessment of validation sites and moderate resolution processing The PONDER project was funded by the Federal Belgian Science Policy Office (BELSPO) under the STEREO III programme (contract SR/00/325).
29 Upcoming Belgian inland waters Spuikom, Oostende, P1A Hazewinkel and Bocht, Willebroek, P1A source L1 data: Belgian Pléiades Archive, RBINS/PONDER processing
30 Upcoming Belgian inland waters Molsbroek, Lokeren, P1B Donkmeer and Nieuwdonk, Berlare P1B source L1 data: Belgian Pléiades Archive, RBINS/PONDER processing
31 Belgian Pléiades archive Interested in evaluating Pléiades surface reflectance?
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