SC16: Build a Telescope: Explore the EM Spectrum and the Universe
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1 SC16: Build a Telescope: Explore the EM Spectrum and the Universe Short Course - Saturday, October 20, 2012 Coral Clark, Pamela Harman, Dana Backman SOFIA / USRA / SETI InsMtute / NASA- Ames
2 Agenda IntroducMons KWL OpMcs and telescopes: Lens PLay (Break) Galileoscope: Build Yours! (Break) The EM Spetrum and Exploring the Universe Resources KWL and Wrap up
3 Know Want to Know Learn Collects light [to a detector, like an eye) Diameter is important There are some with reflectors/lenses/or both Tool to observe distant objects (brings objects closer) How to improve the clarity/ resolumon? How to teach opmcs to students? What to look for in a beginner telescope? What to look for in the night sky? Diameter improves clarity clean opmcs help Telescope needs to be same temperature as environment Whole curriculum Teaching with Telescopes with large array of acmvimes and lessons You get what you pay for with telescopes o_en best to start with binoculars Go for diameter, not magnificamon ReflecMng telescopes less expensive At Galileoscopes.com, there is book of what to look for updated each year. Sky and telescope also a good reference.
4 LensPlay
5 Single Converging Lens Up close to an object, a converging lens forms a magnified, right- side- up image.
6 Single Converging Lens As the lens is moved away from the object, a point is reached where the image explodes.
7 Single Converging Lens As the lens is moved even farther from the object, the image becomes inverted and smaller.
8 ProjecMng an Image Images of distant objects may be focused onto a surface when the lens is at the right distance from the surface.
9 ProjecMng an Image The projected image is inverted, reduced, and real formed where the actual rays of light are focused.
10 Bringing Light to a Focus You can explore the way a lens focuses light by lefng the light graze the surface of a piece of paper.
11 F (focal length) The distance from the lens to the point where light comes to a focus (the focal point ) is the focal length of the lens.
12 Measuring Focal Length Find the distance between lens and paper where the image of a distant object comes into focus.
13 Measuring Focal Length Use a ruler to measure the focal length of the lens. Do this for all of your lenses.
14 ObjecMve and Eyepiece The main light collecmng lens is the objecmve. Add a second lens the eyepiece held close to your eye. The eyepiece works in magnifying mode to magnify the image formed by the objecmve.
15 ObjecMve and Eyepiece Depending on the focal length of the eyepiece, the resulmng telescopic image will achieve different magnificamons. Remember, you re simply holding a magnifying glass up to the image formed by the objecmve.
16 CalculaMng the MagnificaMon M = Fo / Fe Fe (focal length of eyepiece) Fo (focal length of objecmve)
17 Light Gathering Power Human Pupil One of Galileo s Telescopes (masked down to a 1 aperture) The Galileoscope D = 0.2 D = 1 D = 2 Light Gathering Area (LGA) = 3.14 x (D / 2) 2 Light Gathering Power (LGP) of a telescope = LGA telescope / LGA human pupil LGP simple formula = (diameter of telescope aperture) 2 / (diameter of human pupil) 2
18 Can you see the ears? ResoluMon
19 Can you see the eyes? ResoluMon
20 ResoluMon Can you see the whites of the eyes?
21 ResoluMon ResoluMon is the minimum angle over which a telescope (or an eyeball) can dismnguish a pair of adjacent objects (stars, leaves in trees, facial features) as dismnct and separate image details. R is in seconds of arc, D is the diameter of the objecmve in millimeters (this is an approxima3on for Dawes Limit for yellow light, at 550 nm wavelength)
There is a range of distances over which objects will be in focus; this is called the depth of field of the lens. Objects closer or farther are
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