Autonomous Systems (AS) Introduction and Topology Bradley Huffaker CAIDA SDSC/UCSD
|
|
- Ethan Elmer Lawson
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Autonomous Systms (AS) Introduction and Topology Bradly Huffakr CAIDA SDSC/UCSD WIND March 20
2 ovrviw ovrviw introduction datasts - paths, locations, organizations, rlationships, classifications opn qustions summary 2
3 Intrnt of layrs ovrviw Intrnt maps ar oftn groupd into four lvls. AS 0 Autonomous Systms (AS) ar numbrs usd to rout groups of IP addrsss. l v AS l Points of Prsnc (PoP), locations whr ISP stor thir routrs. l v l P o P Routrs, machins that rout th traffic, intrconnct via IP addrsss. l v rl t rou IP addrsss that connct dvics on to th Intrnt. l v IP l
4 Focus on AS Autonomous Systms (AS) ar numbrs usd to rout groups of IP addrsss. AS 0 l v AS l l v l P o P W will focus on th AS lvl. l v rl t rou l v IP l 4 ovrviw
5 what is an AS? ovrviw An AS can roughly b thought of as a singl organization. Som companis us multipl ASs. AS topology (obsrvd January 20) 5,000+ ASs - organization location - country of rgistration 48,000+ AS links - businss rlationship UCSD 5 Intrnt
6 Collcting AS paths (BGP) paths:datasts Routr graph Routs ar announcd by routrs and forwardd toward th collctor. So th last AS, th origin AS, owns (first announcs) th prfix graph discovry from paths, not nods BGP Collctor AS path prfix rout rout 2 rout rout / / / /24 4 origin AS 2 4 5
7 BGP Collctors (raw) paths:datasts Collcting and sharing global routing [Bordr Gatway Protocol (BGP)] data: Univrsity of Orgon, Rout Viws Projct - RIPE NCC (Rgional Intrnt Rgistry for Europ/Middl East) - BGP dump origin AS TABLE_DUMP B / TABLE_DUMP B / TABLE_DUMP B / sourc IP sourc AS prfix AS path
8 AS path (fil) paths:datasts # sourc:topology BGP routviws wid # sourc:topology BGP routviws wid paths.bz2 Th top of th fil lists th sourcs usd to gnrat th fil. # sourc:<typ> <sourc> <dat> <organization> <srvr> Th actual AS path. <sourc> <hop0> <hop>. <dstination> Th sourc AS is whr th path was obsrvd. 8 Your viw of th topology is limitd by th numbr of sourcs and origin ASs. Dpnding on what you ar doing with th data, it oftn hlps to filtr paths to only sourcs that hav all or almost all origin AS.
9 AS dgr typs paths:datasts W hav found that transit dgr is a bttr mtric for capturing th importanc of an AS, sinc it ncods som of th information in th obsrvd paths. monitors undirctd paths 5 M M M M dgrs AS global out transit global dgr out dgr triplts dirctd paths transit dgr 4
10 AS golocation locations:datasts Golocation idntification of ral-world gographic location of Intrnt idntifirs Digital Envoy s Ntacuity commrcial golocation srvr MaxMind GoLit is a fr srvic Ntacuity gographic dump usa ca la jolla usa ca tustin usa ca los angls usa il chicago IP first IP last country stat city latitud longitud 0
11 golocation to longitud locations:datasts An AS s longitud quals th wightd avrag of th longituds assignd by Ntacuity to th addrsss it announcs. blocki.coordinats * blocki.siz i blocki.siz i golocation blocks origin AS prfix IP block longitud wightd avrag longitud / / / /
12 AS cntroid (fil) locations:datasts opn qustion #format:as continnt country rgion city lat long total-prfixs as2loc.txt latitud longitud continnt, country, stat, city mpty in this fil AS numbr numbr of prfixs announcd by AS 2
13 AS organization (fil) organizations:datasts opn qustion org-id organization nam as-org2info.txt # format:org_id changd org_nam country sourc 5LINX-ARIN Globalinx US ARIN # format:aut changd aut_nam org_id sourc LINX-ASN 5LINX-ARIN ARIN AS numbr org-id This fil contains both organization and ASs. Th typ changs at vry lin that starts with # format:<typ>. Connct btwn ntris with org-id. In this xampl th AS 49 blongs to organization Globalinx.
14 AS rlationships providr you pay thm to transit your traffic (XO pays AT&T) pr unpaid xchang of traffic (btwn XO and Googl) customr thy pay you to transit thir traffic (UCSD pays XO) organizations:datasts providr $$ pr $$ $$ customr!"#$ 4
15 AS hirarchy rlationships:datasts ASs can b organizd into a hirarchical structur basd on th typ of businss rlationships thy form btwn thmslvs $$ customr providr customr pays providr for transit $$ pr pr prs do not pay to accpt ach othr s traffic 5
16 AS hirarchy rlationships:datasts ASs at th top of th hirarchy ar call Tir-. Togthr thy form th backbon of th Intrnt
17 AS rlationship (fil) rlationships:datasts infrrd Tir ASs as-rl.txt.bz2 Intrnt Xchang Points # infrrd cliqu: # IXP ASs: AS0 AS rlationship typ - AS0 is a providr of AS AS0 AS 0 AS0 and AS ar prs AS0 AS AS0 is a customr of AS AS0 AS
18 AS customr con rlationships:datasts An AS s customr con contains th st of ASs w obsrv th AS announc to its prs or providrs. It is important that this is mor constraind than, but similar to, th st of ASs it can rach through its customrs. AS siz A B D D A C C A B E B Customr Cons F G G H I H 8
19 AS customr con (fil) rlationships:datasts opn qustion ppdc-ass.txt.bz2 AS customr con mmbrs AS siz mmbrs
20 20 AS classification (fil) ASs ar oftn dividd into Transit, Contnt, or Accss dpnding on th typ of companis that oprat thm. Largr organizations can combin all thr typs. - Transit ASs, such as AT&T, form th backbon of th Intrnt carrying traffic btwn ASs. - Contnt ASs, such as Ntflix, provid th vidos, wbpags, and othr contnt. - Accss ASs, such as UCSD or Tim Warnr Cabl, ar usd by smallr organizations to gt accss to th Intrnt. # nam: as2typ #../as-graph-20409/bin/typ-convrt-amogh.pl # typs:accss Contnt Transit/Accss Transit/Accss CAIDA_class 2 Transit/Accss CAIDA_class typ AS numbr as2classification.txt.bz infrnc mthod Googl Contnt classification:datasts opn qustion UCSD Accss Transit Lvl 5
21 incomplt topology opn qustions Givn that BGP only forwards th bst path, an AS graph gnratd xclusivly from limitd numbr of BGP monitors will b incomplt. invisibl from M visibl from M M How incomplt is th topology? graphs links nods c/p pr total total BGP-drivd 9,59 8,852,9 4, tracrout-drivd 0,, 2,42 IX-drivd 0 24,80 24,80,555 combind 9,59 25,2 48,85 4,20 Can w infr th missing topology from what is visibl? AS Topology Dc. 205 (visibility) Givn a st of limitd rsourc monitors, can w crat targtd masurmnts that will find th missing componnts? 2
22 path prdiction opn qustions Du to policy constraints, simpl shortst paths algorithms do not work for th AS topology. paths must follow paid transit valid B is paid by A B is paid by C invalid B C B A B A A C C A A C C B C B A B B is paid by A and C B is not paid by A or C currnt algorithms ar btwn 0% and 80% accurat. asymmtric paths ar common hot potato routing backup packs ar hiddn 22
23 IP to Routr to PoP to AS opn qustions AS 0 AS vl l AS l v l P Po vl l r t rou vl l P I 2 mapping btwn intrfacs and routrs (alias rsolution) mapping btwn routrs and PoPs (golocation) mapping btwn PoPs to AS (routr ownrship)
24 datasts summary as_intro_topology_wind/ paths.txt.bz AS paths slid as2loc.bz AS location slid as-org2info.txt.bz rgistration country and organization information slid as-rl.txt.bz typs of businss rlationships btwn pairs of ASs slid ppdc-ass.bz th st of ASs that ar customrs, slid 9 or customr s customrs of an AS as2classification.txt.bz an AS s typ of businss 24 slid 20
25 summary Qustions? Intrnships: 25
26 bonus AS placmnt k 425 k 29 k 52 k k 25 4k 528 4k 400 k 2980 k 525 2k 848 k k k 4 4k 298 2k 250 k 45 k 2092 k 55 k 54 k 80 k 2859 k largr smallr con siz nod labl cntr: AS numbr uppr lft: rank uppr right: country flag nod vrtical position customr con siz nod siz customr con siz link width customr con siz of nighbor link color rlationship typ country flag AS numbr rank
27 AS cor singl AS AS 84 typ num.ass num.links CUSTOMER 2 2 PEER PROVIDER 4 4 Asia bonus nod location and siz st by customr con siz Ocania cntr markd for rfrnc nod and link color st by rlationship to slctd AS Europ Africa slctd AS siz is fixd rgardlss of dgr. draw ordr: customrs, prs, and providrs 84 2 North Amrica South Amrica
28 displacmnt location anycast dlhi k-apni nod numbr of clints (siz) bonus nap k-apnic tokyo dlhi k-dnic k-mix k-apni c wdg numbr of clints (color) avrag distanc to clints (siz) displacmnt map Distanc from clint s cntriod and DNS srvr s gographic location. ams-ix linx nap dlhi linx k-ficix tokyo k-mix location Numbr of map DNS clints in a givn dirction and avrag distanc in that dirction. ams-ix k-dnic k-isnic k-crn k-mix k-grnt k-qtl 28 2
29 Gographic sortd bars bonus 00 F: San Francisco (US) F: Auckland (NZ) F: Nw York (US) F: Brisban (AU) * global instanc F: Santiago (CL) F: Tl Aviv (IL) K: Tokyo (JP) F: Sao Paulo (BR) F:Johannsburg(SA) K: Rykjavik (IS) K: Hlsinki (FI) % Instancs sortd by th numbr of rqusts pr scond. Ocania Asia Africa Europ S. Amr N. Amr 29 0 N.Amr S.Amr Europ Africa Asia Ocania sfo2* pao* nap* linx* ams ix* dlhi* tokyo* lax* ord* iad* jfk*
30 usd addrss spac ARIN LACNIC 0 RIPE NCC AfriNIC APNIC bonus
31 Cod rd bonus
Logic Design 2013/9/26. Outline. Implementation Technology. Transistor as a Switch. Transistor as a Switch. Transistor as a Switch
3/9/6 Logic Dsign Implmntation Tchnology Outlin Implmntation o logic gats using transistors Programmabl logic dvics Compl Programmabl Logic Dvics (CPLD) Fild Programmabl Gat Arrays () Dynamic opration
More informationIntroduction to Medical Imaging. Signal Processing Basics. Strange Effects. Ever tried to reduce the size of an image and you got this?
Strang Effcts Introduction to Mdical Imaging Evr trid to rduc th siz of an imag and you got this? Signal Procssing Basics Klaus Mullr Computr Scinc Dpartmnt Stony Brook Univrsity W call this ffct aliasing
More informationANALYSIS ON THE COVERAGE CHARACTERISTICS OF GLONASS CONSTELLATION
ANALYSIS ON THE COVERAGE CHARACTERISTICS OF GLONASS CONSTELLATION Itm Typ txt; rocdings Authors Hui, Liu; Qishan, Zhang ublishr Intrnational Foundation for Tlmtring Journal Intrnational Tlmtring Confrnc
More informationLab 12. Speed Control of a D.C. motor. Controller Design
Lab. Spd Control of a D.C. motor Controllr Dsign Motor Spd Control Projct. Gnrat PWM wavform. Amplify th wavform to driv th motor 3. Masur motor spd 4. Masur motor paramtrs 5. Control spd with a PD controllr
More information3G Evolution. OFDM Transmission. Outline. Chapter: Subcarriers in Time Domain. Outline
Chaptr: 3G Evolution 4 OFDM Transmission Dpartmnt of Elctrical and Information Tchnology Johan Löfgrn 2009-03-19 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE for Mobil Broadband 1 2009-03-19 3G Evolution - HSPA and LTE
More informationRClamp2451ZA. Ultra Small RailClamp 1-Line, 24V ESD Protection
- RailClamp Dscription RailClamp TVS diods ar ultra low capacitanc dvics dsignd to protct snsitiv lctronics from damag or latch-up du to ESD, EFT, and EOS. Thy ar dsignd for us on high spd ports in applications
More informationIn this project you ll learn how to create a game in which you have to save the Earth from space monsters.
Clon Wars Introduction In this projct you ll larn how to crat a gam in which you hav to sav th Earth from spac monstrs. Stp 1: Making a Spacship Lt s mak a spacship that will dfnd th Earth! Activity Chcklist
More informationTransient Voltage Suppressors / ESD Protectors
Transint Voltag Supprssors / ES Protctors PACN04/4/44/45/46 Faturs Two, thr, four, fiv, or six transint voltag supprssors Compact SMT packag savs board spac and facilitats layout in spac-critical applications
More informationIEEE Broadband Wireless Access Working Group <
IEEE C802.16j-07/409 Projct Titl IEEE 802.16 Broadband Wirlss Accss Working Group A Proposal for Transmission of FCH, MAP, R-FCH, R-MAP in Non-transparnt Rlay Systm with Cntralizd
More informationESX10-10x-DC24V-16A-E electronic circuit protector
Dscription Th plug-in typ ESX10 lctronic circuit protctor slctivly disconncts DC 2 V load circuits by rsponding fastr than th switch mod powr supply to ovrload conditions. Th manual ON/ OFF switch on th
More informationMaking the Leap: Achieving Centimeter-Range Accuracy with UAVs. Francois Gervaix Product Manager, Surveying
Making th Lap: Achiving Cntimtr-Rang Accuracy with UAVs Francois Grvaix Product Managr, Survying About snsfly A tam of ovr 150 passionat popl 100-200 units/month #1 in fixd-wing mapping drons (worldwid
More informationIntro to Screen Printing
Intro to Scrn Printing Charli Taublib Taublib Consulting Grnwood Villag, Colorado Tl 303-290-8009 Cll 303-618-8955 www.taublibconsulting.com DrPrint@aol.com Introduction Th purpos of this prsntation is
More informationCH 7. Synchronization Techniques for OFDM Systems
CH 7. Synchronization Tchnius for OFDM Systms 1 Contnts [1] Introduction Snsitivity to Phas Nois Snsitivity to Fruncy Offst Snsitivity to Timing Error Synchronization Using th Cyclic Extnsion l Tim synchronization
More informationLow Cross-Polarization Slab Waveguide Filter for Narrow-Wall Slotted Waveguide Array Antenna with High Gain Horn
Intrnational Confrnc on Mchatronics Enginring and Information Tchnology (ICMEIT 2016) Low Cross-Polarization Slab Wavguid Filtr for Narrow-Wall Slottd Wavguid Array Antnna with High Gain Horn Guoan Xionga,
More informationDETERMINATION OF ELECTRONIC DISTANCE MEASUREMENT ZERO ERROR USING KALMAN FILTER
Europan Scintific Journal Sptmbr 24 dition vol., No.27 ISSN: 87 788 (rint) - ISSN 87-743 DETERMINATION OF ELECTRONIC DISTANCE MEASUREMENT ZERO ERROR USING KALMAN FILTER Onuwa Owuashi, hd Dpartmnt of Goinformatics
More informationRevel API Updates. Release 2.40 ABSTRACT. Revel Systems. A help guide for developers to integrate with Revel System API updates.
Rvl API Updats Rlas 2.40 Rvl Systms ABSTRACT A hlp guid for dvloprs to intgrat with Rvl Systm API updats. Tabl of Contnts Rvl API Updats... 1 Addd Rsourcs... 5 PhysicalInvntoryScanndItm... 5 /rsourcs/physicalinvntoryscannditm/...
More informationEMA5 / UMA5N / FMA5A. V CC -50V -100mA 2.2kW 47kW I C(MAX.) R 1 R 2. Datasheet
M5 / UM5N / FM5 PNP -100m -50V Complx Digital Transistors (Bias Rsistor Built-in Transistors) Datasht Faturs Paramtr V CC -50V -100m 2.2kW 47kW I C(MX.) R 1 R 2 1) Built-In Biasing Rsistors. 2) Two DT123J
More informationDTA123E series V CC I C(MAX.) R 1 R 2. 50V 100mA 2.2k 2.2k. Datasheet. PNP -100mA -50V Digital Transistors (Bias Resistor Built-in Transistors)
DT123 sris PNP -100m -50V Digital Transistors (Bias Rsistor Built-in Transistors) Datasht Paramtr V CC I C(MX.) R 1 R 2 Valu 50V 100m 2.2k 2.2k Faturs 1) Built-In Biasing Rsistors, R 1 = R 2 = 2.2k. Outlin
More informationPacing Guide for Kindergarten Version GLE Checks for Understanding Vocabulary Envision Textbook Materials
Pacing Guid for indrgartn Vrsion 0 GL Chcs for Undrstanding Vocabulary nvision Txtboo Matrials GL 0006.3. Rcogniz 0006.3.4 Sort, ordr and classify attributs (such as color, shap, siz) and pattrns (such
More informationRECOMMENDATION ITU-R M.1828
Rc. ITU-R M.188 1 RECOMMENDATION ITU-R M.188 Tchnical and oprational rquirmnts for aircraft stations of aronautical mobil srvic limitd to transmissions of tlmtry for flight tsting in th bands around 5
More informationEngineering 1620: High Frequency Effects in BJT Circuits an Introduction Especially for the Friday before Spring Break
Enginring 162: High Frquncy Efcts in BJT ircuits an Introduction Espcially for th Friday bfor Spring Brak I hav prpard ths nots bcaus on th day bfor a major vacation brak som popl find it ncssary to lav
More informationTheory and Proposed Method for Determining Large Signal Return Loss or Hot S22 for Power Amplifiers Using Phase Information
Thory and Proposd Mthod for Dtrmining arg Signal Rturn oss or Hot S for Powr Amplifirs Using Phas Information Patrick Narain and Chandra Mohan (Skyworks Solutions, Inc.) Introduction: Powr amplifirs (s)
More informationHSMS-2823 RF mixer/detector diode
Products > RF Is/iscrts > Schottky iods > Surfac Mount > HSMS-282 HSMS-282 RF mixr/dtctor diod scription ifcycl status: ctiv Faturs Th HSMS-282x family of schottky diods ar th bst all-round choic for most
More information1/24/2017. Electrical resistance
1/24/2017 Photocopirs and th National Grid Photoconductors so far.. On xampl of a smiconducting matrial Elctrical insulator in th dark, conductor in th light mportant componnt in a photocopir butt Slctiv
More informationReview Copy: Do not Distribute
Taching Nots Author: Bassima Hout Onlin Pub Dat: January 04, 2017 Original Pub. Dat: 2017 Subjct: Accounting, Cost Accounting, Managmnt Accounting Lvl: Basic Typ: Indirct cas Lngth: 4776 words Copyright:
More informationFOR LEASE FOR LEASE GATEWAY CROSSING DRIVE-THRU & PAD OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABLE 175A STREET & 4TH AVENUE SURREY, BC FRASER MILLS COQUITLAM, BC
FOR LEASE FRASER MILLS COQUITLAM, BC DRIVE-THRU & PAD OPPORTUNITIES AVAILABLE JORDAN CURTEANU 604 638 2124 jcurtanu@form.ca FOR LEASE OPPORTUNITY GRANDVIEW HEIGHTS GENERAL LAND USE PLAN (LAND USE CONCEPT)
More informationEMD3 / UMD3N / IMD3A V CC I C(MAX.) R 1 R 2. 50V 100mA. 10k. 10k. 50V 100mA. 10k. 10k. Datasheet
NPN + PNP Complx Digital Transistors (Bias Rsistor Built-in Transistors) Datasht Outlin Paramtr Valu MT6 UMT6 V CC I C(MX.) Paramtr V CC I C(MX.) 50V 100m 10k 10k Valu 50V
More informationCATTLE FINISHING RETURN
CATTLE FINISHING RETURN S E R I E S Novmbr 2011 CATTLE FINISHING NET RETURNS This articl discusss rcnt trnds in fding cost of gain and cattl finishing profitability. Svral sourcs of data wr usd to comput
More information4NPA. Low Frequency Interface Module for Intercom and Public Address Systems. Fig. 4NPA (L- No )
ow Frquncy Intrfac Modul for Intrcom and Public ddrss ystms Fig. ( No. 2.320) t a Glanc: ow frquncy (F) control of thirdparty amplifirs in intrcom systms onncting call stations with lin control in public
More informationTowards a Digital Built Britain and beyond
Towards a Digital Built Britain and byond OS and DBB During this sssion w ll covr how w v supportd BIM Lvl 2, and as th industry movs forward, shar our vision for a Digital Built Britain, our rol within
More informationIdentifying Basic Level Entities in a Data Graph
School of Computing FACULTY OF ENGINEERING Idntifying Basic Lvl Entitis in a Data Graph Expanding usr s knowldg whil xploring data graphs By Marwan Al-Tawil Suprvisors Vania Dimitrova Brandon Bnntt Outlin
More informationUS6H23 / IMH23 V CEO 20V V EBO 12V. 600mA R k. Datasheet. Outline Parameter Tr1 and Tr2 TUMT6 SMT6
NPN 600m 20V Digital Transistors (Bias Rsistor Built-in Transistors) For Muting. Datasht Outlin Paramtr Tr1 and Tr2 TUMT6 SMT6 V CO 20V V BO 12V I C 600m R US6H23 1 4.7k IMH23 SOT-457 (SC-74) Faturs 1)
More information90 and 180 Phase Shifter Using an Arbitrary Phase-Difference Coupled-line Structure
This articl has bn accptd and publishd on J-STAGE in advanc of copyditing. Contnt is final as prsntd. IEICE Elctronics Exprss, Vol.* No.*,*-* 90 and 80 Phas Shiftr Using an Arbitrary Phas-Diffrnc Coupld-lin
More informationMaintain Your F5 Solution with Fast, Reliable Support
F5 SERVICES TECHNICAL SUPPORT SERVICES DATASHEET Maintain Your F5 Solution with Fast, Rliabl Support In a world whr chang is th only constant, you rly on your F5 tchnology to dlivr no mattr what turns
More informationRIPE NCC Routing Information Service (RIS)
RIPE NCC Routing Information Service (RIS) Massimo Candela LACNIC 29 May 2018 What is RIS? What is RIS? Routing Information Service Worldwide network of BGP collectors Deployed at Internet Exchange Points
More informationNMR Part IV, Apodization and Zero Filling
NMR Part IV, Apodization and Zro Filling This worksht is an introduction to how apodization and zro filling nhanc S/N and rsolution It is intractiv, so you can chang th variabls and s how thy ffct th signal
More informationUMH8N / IMH8A V CEO I C R 1. 50V 100mA 10k. Datasheet. Outline. Inner circuit
NPN 100m 50V Complx Digital Transistors (Bias Rsistor Built-in Transistors) Datasht Outlin Paramtr V CO I C Tr1 and Tr2 50V 100m 10k UMT6 UMH8N SOT-363 (SC-88) SMT6 IMH8 SOT-457 (SC-74) Faturs 1) Built-In
More informationDTD114GK V CEO I C R. 50V 500mA 10kW. Datasheet. NPN 500mA 50V Digital Transistors (Bias Resistor Built-in Transistors) Outline Parameter Value SMT3
NPN 500mA 50V Digital Transistors (Bias Rsistor Built-in Transistors) Datasht Outlin Paramtr Valu SMT3 V CEO I C R 50V 500mA 10kW Bas Emittr Collctor DTD114GK SOT-346 (SC-59) Faturs 1) Built-In Biasing
More informationCAUTION: Do not install damaged parts!!!
Your satisfaction is important to us, plas lt us hlp! If you hav any qustions or concrns during th installation, our support rprsntativs ar availabl to assist you. Plas call: 1-877-769-3765 or Liv Chat
More informationAssembly Instructions for Model: VMDD26
Assmbly Instructions for Modl: VMDD26 Thank you for choosing a Sanus Systms Vision Mount wall mount. Th VMDD26 is dsignd to mount up to 63 Flat panl tlvisions wighing up to 175 lb. to a vrtical wall. It
More informationGraph coloring. Kempe s algorithm removes nodes with < K edges
Graph oloring Kmp s algorithm rmovs nods with < K dgs Fin This stp is alld simpliia1on Simpliia9on ithr nds with an mpty graph or a graph suh that ah nod has K dgs Now w hav to do somthing Eithr try out
More informationPackage: H: TO-252 P: TO-220 S: TO-263. Output Voltage : Blank = Adj 12 = 1.2V 15 = 1.5V 18 = 1.8V 25 = 2.5V 33 = 3.3V 50 = 5.0V 3.3V/3A.
Faturs Advancd Powr 3-Trminal ustabl or Fixd.V,.5V,.8V,.5V, 3.3V or 5.V Output Maximum Dropout.4V at Full Load Currnt Fast Transint Rspons Built-in Thrmal Shutdown Output Currnt Limiting Good Nois Rjction
More informationThe Trouton Rankine Experiment and the End of the FitzGerald Contraction
Th Trouton Rankin Exprimnt and th End of th FitzGrald Contraction Dr. Adrian Sfarti 1. Abstract Assuming that FitzGrald was right in his contraction hypothsis, Trouton sought for mor positiv vidnc of its
More informationAssembly Instructions for Model: VMAA18
Assmbly Instructions for Modl: VMAA18 Thank you for choosing a Sanus Systms VisionMount wall mount. This modl will hold 30-50 inch Plasma and LCD TVs wighing up to 130 lbs to a vrtical wall. It is a full
More informationThe Outlook for Global Gold Doré Production Çağdaş D. Küçükemiroğlu, Metals Focus. 2 nd Global Gold Doré Forum th January 2018
Th Outlook for Global Gold Doré Production Çağdaş D. Küçükmiroğlu, Mtals Focus 2 nd Global Gold Doré Forum 2018 14-15 th January 2018 About Mtals Focus; Indpndnt Highly xprincd Far raching travl programm
More informationSafety Technique. Multi-Function Safety System SAFEMASTER M Output Module With Output Contacts BG 5912
Safty Tchniqu Multi-Function Safty Systm SAFEMASTER M Output Modul With Output Contacts BG 5912 0247388 According to - Prformanc Lvl (PL) and catgory 4 to EN ISO 13849-1: 2008 - SIL Claimd Lvl (SIL CL)
More informationEMD4 / UMD4N V CC I C(MAX.) R 1 R 2. 50V 100mA. 47kW. V CC -50V -100mA 10kW. Datasheet
NPN + PNP Complx Digital Transistors (Bias Rsistor Built-in Transistors) Datasht Outlin Paramtr Valu EMT6 UMT6 V CC I C(MAX.) R 1 R 2 50V 100mA 47kW 47kW (1) (2) (3) (6) (5) (4) EMD4 (SC-107C)
More informationSquare VLF Loop Antenna, 1.2 m Diagonal ~ Mechanical and Electrical Characteristics and Construction Details ~ Whitham D. Reeve
Squar VLF Loop Antnna, 1. m Diagonal ~ Mchanical and Elctrical Charactristics and Construction Dtails ~ Whitham D. Rv 1. Dimnsions Th loop antnna dscribd hr has a squar shap with a diagonal lngth of 1.07
More informationAF General Information. Ordering. Popular Downloads. Dimensions. Technical
AF1650-30-11-70 Products Low Voltag Products and Systms Control Products Contactors Block Contactors Gnral Information Extndd Product Typ: AF1650-30-11-70 Product ID: 1SFL677001R7011 EAN: 7320500249703
More informationη = ; (3) QUANTITATIVE INTERPRETATION OF PRECIPITATION RADAR 7R.3 MEASUREMENTS AT VHF BAND Edwin F. Campos 1*, Frédéric Fabry 1, and Wayne Hocking 2
7R.3 QUANTITATIVE INTERPRETATION OF PRECIPITATION RADAR MEASUREMENTS AT VHF BAND Edwin F. Campos 1*, Frédéric Fabry 1, and Wayn Hocking 1 Dpartmnt of Atmosphric and Ocanic Scincs, McGill Univrsity, Montral,
More informationAME. Shunt Bandgap Voltage Reference. General Description. Functional Block Diagram. Features. Typical Application. Applications
Gnral Dscription Th is a micropowr 2-trminal band-gap voltag rgulator diod. It oprats ovr a 30µA to 20mA currnt rang. Each circuit is trimmd at wafr sort to provid a ±0.50% and ±0.80% initial tolranc.
More informationEECE 301 Signals & Systems Prof. Mark Fowler
EECE 301 Signals & Systms Prof. Mark Fowlr ot St #25 D-T Signals: Rlation btwn DFT, DTFT, & CTFT Rading Assignmnt: Sctions 4.2.4 & 4.3 of Kamn and Hck 1/22 Cours Flow Diagram Th arrows hr show concptual
More informationMigration ATV11 - ATV12
Th ATV12 is compatibl with th ATV11 (latst vrsion), nvrthlss som diffrncs can xist btwn both drivs. Both modls (ATV11 and ATV12) ar availabl in hatsink or bas plat vrsions. Attntion: ATV11 "E" Dimnsions
More informationWPCA AMEREN ESP. SEMINAR Understanding ESP Controls. By John Knapik. 2004, General Electric Company
WPCA AMEREN ESP SEMINAR Undrstanding ESP Controls By John Knapik 2004, Gnral Elctric Company Efficincy vs. Spcific Corona Powr KNOW WHERE YOUR ESP RUNS ON THE CURVE 99.9 99.0 Collction Efficincy (Prcnt)
More informationSPX mA Low Drop Out Voltage Regulator with Shutdown FEATURES Output 3.3V, 5.0V, at 400mA Output Very Low Quiescent Current Low Dropout Voltage
400mA Low Drop Out Voltag Rgulator with Shutdown FEATURES Output 3.3V, 5.0V, at 400mA Output Vry Low Quiscnt Currnt Low Dropout Voltag Extrmly Tight Load and Lin Rgulation Vry Low Tmpratur Cofficint Currnt
More informationEngagement Schedule. Schedule M-3 Tutorial. December 07 United States
Engagmnt Schdul M-3 Tutorial Schdul M-3 Tutorial Dcmbr 07 Unitd Stats Schdul M-3 Schdul M-3 applis to: C and S Corporations whr Total Assts ar qual or gratr than $10 million OR consolidatd d ntity Partnrships
More informationOn parameters determination of multi-port equivalent scheme for multi-winding traction transformers
ARCHIVES OF EECRICA ENGINEERING VO. 6(), pp. 7-7 (5) DOI.55/a-5- On paramtrs dtrmination of multi-port quivalnt schm for multi-winding traction transformrs ADEUSZ J. SOBCZYK, JOSEPH E HAYEK Cracow Univrsity
More informationThe entire devices are built in housings that are protected against liquids and dust without need to be installed in hazloc certified cabinets.
Cod for typ of protction Typ cod -TX- altrn. altrn. II 3 (2/3) G Ex d ia mb na [ Gb] [ic] IIC T4 Gc II 3 (2/3) G Ex db b ia mb na [ ic] IIC T4 II 3 (2/3) D Ex ia tc [ Db] [ic] IIIC T80 C Dc IP66 II 3 (2/3)
More informationCSE 554 Lecture 1: Binary Pictures
CSE 554 Lctur 1: Binary Picturs Fall 2016 CSE554 Binary Picturs Sli 1 Gomtric Forms Continuous forms Dfin by mathmatical functions Curvs Surfacs E.g.: parabolas, splins, subivision surfacs 2 y x z Sin[
More informationSystem and Method for load balancing in Unified Small Cell Router
IJISET - Intrnational Journal Innovativ Scinc, Enginring & Tchnology, Vol. 2 Issu 5, May 2015. www.ijist.com Systm and Mthod for load balancing in Unifid Small Cll outr Murugsan Nallathambi SPVTG Businss
More informationAvailable online at ScienceDirect. International Conference On DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING, IConDM 2013
Availabl onlin at www.scincdirct.com ScincDirct Procdia Enginring 64 ( 03 ) 46 55 Intrnational Confrnc On DESIGN AND MANUFACTURING, IConDM 03 Rsourc utilization of multi-hop CDMA wirlss snsor ntworks with
More informationHVQFN16 HVQFN (thermal enhanced very thin quad flatpack; no leads) NA (not applicable) P (plastic) MO-220 S (surface mount) Issue date
HVQFN16 packag; no lads; 16 trminals; body 3 x 3 x 8 Fbruary 2016 Packag information 1. Packag summary Tabl 1. Packag summary Trminal position cod Packag typ dscriptiv cod Packag typ industry cod Packag
More informationDefeating a Scarcity Mindset
Dfating a Scarcity Mindst From an arly ag, you ar bombardd with mssags concrning what to think about mony. Many of thm ar wrong. For instanc, w r taught that to b rich, you hav to mak a lot of mony. But,
More informationMigração de Empresas. Offices Market Study
Migração d Emprsas Offics Markt Study LisboN 2017 Migração d Emprsas Lisbon 2017 Aguirr Nwman has conductd th 7th study about companis mobility on th Lisbon offic markt, this tim for th yars and in ordr
More informationLNA IN GND GND GND GND IF OUT+ IF OUT- 7. Product Description. Ordering Information. GaAs HBT GaAs MESFET InGaP HBT
LOW NOISE AMPLIFIER/ RoHS Compliant & Pb-Fr Product Packag Styl: SOIC- Faturs Singl V to.v Powr Supply MHz to MHz Opration db Small Signal Gain.dB Cascadd Nois Figur.mA DC Currnt Consumption -dbm Input
More informationRed Room Poetry. Find out more at redroomcompany.org
Rd Room Potry Rd Room Potry s vision is to mak potry a maningful part of vryday lif. W crat potic projcts and larning programs in collaboration with a spctrum of pots, schools, communitis and partnrs for
More informationSwitches- and Indicators. Switches Unlimited Contact: Phone: * Fax:
Switchs- and Indicators Switchs Unlimitd Contact: sals@switchsunlimitd.com Phon: 800-221-0487 * Fax: 718-672-6370 www.switchsunlimitd.com Contnts Dscription... 3 Product Assmbly... 4 PCB Pushbuttons...
More informationExploring Handbells. Techniques & Repertoire for Handbells and Handchimes
Exploring Handblls Tchniqus Rprtoir for Handblls and Handchims by Btty B Radford, ith Tchnical Advic by Dborah Ric Editd by Matth Dan Pavoy Titl Pag Octavs Tchniqu Introduction 2 Th Ringing Sound 3 Ringing
More informationxxxxxxxxx Mil-HDBK-217F Notice 2 MTBF Prediction Report Issue 1.0 / July 2016 This report has been prepared for:
Ml-HDBK-27F N2 MTBF Prdcton Rport xxxxxxxxx Issu.0 July 206 Pag of xxxxxxxxx Ml-HDBK-27F Notc 2 MTBF Prdcton Rport Issu.0 / July 206 Ths rport has bn prpard for: Your company Your addrss Your zp cod &
More informationYB mA, Low Power, High PSRR LDO Regulator
scription Th is a sris of ultra-low-nois, high PSRR, and low quiscnt currnt low dropout (O) linar rgulators with 2.0% output voltag accuracy. Th rgulators achiv a low 300m dropout at 300m load currnt of
More informationSmart 4G network:-implementation of SDR & SON with Automatic EM Radiation control Prakash Pancholy, Jyoti Kushwaha, Richa Chitranshi
Smart 4G ntwork:-mplmntation of SR & with Automatic M Radiation control Prakash Pancholy, Jyoti Kushwaha, Richa Chitranshi Abstract With th rapid dvlopmnt of numbr of mobil tchnologis and air intrfacs
More informationLecture 19: Common Emitter Amplifier with Emitter Degeneration.
Whits, EE 320 Lctur 19 Pag 1 of 10 Lctur 19: Common Emittr Amplifir with Emittr Dgnration. W ll continu our discussion of th basic typs of BJT smallnal amplifirs by studying a variant of th CE amplifir
More informationNominal Pipe Size, in. 2, 2-1/2, 3, 4, 6 2, 2-1/2, 3, 4, 6 2, 2-1/2, 3, 4, 6 2, 2-1/2, 3, 4, 6. Nominal Pipe Size, in.
Pip s Ths fittings ar suitabl for intrconncting piping, valvs and othr componnts in both wt and dry automatic sprinlr systms. Installation should b according to applicabl sprinlr systm fabrication ruls.
More informationDesigner s Guide. A New Class of Multi-Source/Multi-Zone Controller Amplifier
Dsignr s Guid A Nw Class of Multi-Sourc/Multi-Zon Controllr Amplifir Dsignr s Guid Th is a nw class of multi-sourc/multi-zon controllr amplifir from ELAN. Built upon th solid foundation cratd by th D16,
More informationAdaptive Power System Stabilizer Using ANFIS and Genetic Algorithms
Procdings of th 44th IEEE Confrnc on Dcision and Control, and th Europan Control Confrnc 005 Svill, Spain, Dcmbr -5, 005 ThC0. Adaptiv Powr Systm Stabilizr Using ANFIS and Gntic Algorithms J. Frail-Ardanuy,
More informationA Timing-constrained Algorithm for Simultaneous Global Routing of Multiple Nets
L # A iming-constraind Algorithm for Simultanous Global Routing of Multipl Nts Jiang Hu Sachin S. Sapatnkar Dpartmnt of ECE, nirsity of Minnsota, Minnapolis, MN 5555, SA ABSRAC In this papr, w propos a
More informationPip Ahoy! Song Lyrics
Pip Ahoy! Song Lyrics Com join th party down in Salty Cov It's so much fun it's lik a trasur trov Pip and Alba lad th way Nw advnturs vry day And lots of sasid fun Div down in th submarin S what's bnath
More informationMarking Period 3. Marking Period 1. Terminology, Types of Stages 4 Vocal Clarity 24 5 Members Involved in the Production of a 25
DEPARTMENT: Prforming Arts COURSE: Introduction to Thatr Maring Priod 1 Maring Priod 3 1 Class Procdurs 21 2 Ovrcoming Stag Fright 22 3 Basic Stag Information: Stag Dirction, 23 Trminology, Typs of Stags
More informationPrototype based languages
Prototyp basd languags Author Tomas Billborn & Mallla Srinivasa Rao Abstract Whn objct orintd languags ar brought up as subjct most of us think of languags that support data abstraction by providing data
More informationRETURN TO MAIN MENU ver-increasing computer calculation speed used for games such as Tomb Raider
E vr-incrasing computr calculation spd usd for gams such as Tomb Raidr mans that Lara Croft outprforms any charactr from th past. Th first succssful high-spd lctronic digital computr, ENIAC (lctronic numrical
More information3A High Current, Low Dropout Voltage Regulator
SPX29300/01/02/03 3 High Currnt, Low Dropout Voltag Rgulator djustabl & Fixd Output, Fast Rspons Tim FETURES djustabl Output Down To 1.25V 1% Output ccuracy Output Currnt of 3 Low Dropout Voltag of 450mV
More information2. Doodle-Offs: This is everything you ll need to kit out your 3Doodler workshop and facilitate some great. 2 x power strips and extension cords
3Doodlr EDU Workshop Guid 1. Hosting a 3Doodlr workshop? 2. Doodl-Offs: his guid will walk you through running a workshop. It outlins you nd to lad a group through th basics, and thn on to Doodling thir
More information2SA1579 / 2SA1514K. V CEO -120V -50mA I C. Datasheet. PNP -50mA -120V High-Voltage Amplifier Transistors. Outline
PNP -50mA 20V High-Voltag Amplifir Transistors Datasht Paramtr Valu V CEO 20V -50mA I C Outlin UMT3 SMT3 Collctor Bas Bas Emittr Emittr Collctor Faturs 1) High Brakdown Voltag (BV CEO = 20V) 2) Complmntary
More informationFAN A, 1.2V Low Dropout Linear Regulator for VRM8.5. Features. Description. Applications. Typical Application.
www.fairchildsmi.com 2.7A, 1.2V Low Dropout Linar Rgulator for VRM8.5 Faturs Fast transint rspons Low dropout voltag at up to 2.7A Load rgulation: 0.05% typical Trimmd currnt limit On-chip thrmal limiting
More informationSGM Ω, 300MHz Bandwidth, Dual, SPDT Analog Switch
GENERAL DESCRIPTION Th SGM4717 is a dual, bidirctional, singl-pol/ doubl-throw (SPDT) CMOS analog switch dsignd to oprat from a singl 1.8V to 5.5V supply. It faturs high-bandwidth (300MHz) and low on-rsistanc
More information3-Dimensions. 3-Dimensions. 3D Shapes. Recognise 3-D Shapes and know their properties. 2 Dimensional. 3 Dimensional. Exercise 1
3-imnsions Ronis 3- Shaps an know thir proprtis 3 Shaps FLAT shaps, rawn on papr, lik squars, irls or trianls ar all 2-imnsional. 2 imnsional rath Thy hav 2 imnsions or 2 sizs :(lnth an rath). lnth 3 imnsional
More informationSample. Pearson BTEC Levels 4 Higher Nationals in Engineering (RQF) Unit 15: Automation, Robotics and Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs)
Unit WorkBook 2 Lvl 4 ENG U5: Autoation, Robotics and Prograabl Logic Controllrs (PLCs) 28 UniCours Ltd. All Rights Rsrvd. Parson BTEC Lvls 4 Highr Nationals in Enginring (RQF) Unit 5: Autoation, Robotics
More information1A Low Dropout Voltage Regulator Fixed Output, Fast Response
A Low Dropout Voltag Rgulator Fixd Output, Fast Rspons SPX3940 FEATURES % Output Accuracy SPX3940A Guarantd.5A Pak Currnt Low Quiscnt Currnt Low Dropout Voltag of 280mV at A Extrmly Tight Load and Lin
More informationTest Results of a Digital Beamforming GPS Receiver in a Jamming Environment Alison Brown and Neil Gerein, NAVSYS Corporation
Tst Rsults of a Digital Bamforming GPS Rcivr in a Jamming Environmnt Alison Brown and Nil Grin, NAVSYS Corporation BIOGRAPHY Alison Brown is th Prsidnt and CEO of NAVSYS Corporation. Sh has a PhD in Mchanics,
More informationEGNOS SYSTEM TEST BED
EGNOS SYSTEM TEST BED P. Michl, H. Scrtan &Co GNSS-1 Projct Offic ESA/CNES EGNOS Projct Offic Outlin Introduction ESTB programmatic and main highlights ESTB-MTB systm architctur ovrviw ESTB Oprations Ovrviw
More information4.5 COLLEGE ALGEBRA 11/5/2015. Property of Logarithms. Solution. If x > 0, y > 0, a > 0, and a 1, then. x = y if and only if log a x = log a y.
/5/05 0 TH EDITION COLLEGE ALGEBRA 4.5 Eponntial and Logarithmic Equations Eponntial Equations Logarithmic Equations Applications and Modling LIAL HORNSBY SCHNEIDER 4.5-4.5 - Proprty of Logarithms If >
More informationAOZ8904 Ultra-Low Capacitance TVS Diode Array
Ultra-Low Capacitanc TS Diod Array Gnral Dscription Th AOZ8904 is a transint voltag supprssor array dsignd to protct high spd data lins from lctro Static Discharg (SD) and lightning. This dvic incorporats
More informationP-Channel 200-V (D-S) MOSFET
Si79DN P-Channl -V (D-S) MOSFET PRODUCT SUMMARY V DS (V) R DS(on) (Ω) I D (A) Q g (Typ.) -.5 at V GS = - V -.8.6 nc. at V GS = - 6.V -.6 PowrPAK -8 FEATURES Halogn-fr According to IEC 69-- Availabl TrnchFET
More informationPrecast Products Manual
Prcast Products Manual RPI-LOK onnction Plat Systm* Th Madow urk onnction Plat Systm liminats many fild wlding oprations with its uniqu and thoughtful dsign. ach Systm connction has thr basic parts: an
More informationTopic 8 Integration. Exercise 8.2 The fundamental theorem of integral calculus. TOPIC 8 Integration EXERCISE
TOPIC Intgration EXERCISE. Topic Intgration Ercis. Th fundamntal thorm of intgral calculus a Lft nd-point rctangl rul: f., f, f.,. f Approimat ara. +. +. +.... + + + units b Right nd-point rctangl rul:
More informationFAST INVERSE TONE MAPPING WITH REINHARD S GLOBAL OPERATOR. Yuma Kinoshita, Sayaka Shiota and Hitoshi Kiya
FAST IVERSE TOE MAPPIG WITH REIHARD S GLOBAL OPERATOR Yuma Kinoshita, Sayaka Shiota and Hitoshi Kiya Tokyo Mtropolitan Univrsity Dpartmnt of Information and Communication Systms Tokyo, Japan ABSTRACT This
More informationSIOV metal oxide varistors
SIOV mtal oxid varistors Taping, packaging and lad configuration (for ladd varistors) Dat: Dcmbr 2007 Data Sht EPCOS AG 2008. Rproduction, publication and dissmination of this publication, nclosurs hrto
More informationELECTRONIC SEALED-BID AUCTION WITH THE EFFICIENT COMMUNICATION COMPLEXITY USING TOURNAMENT OPENING-METHOD
ELECTRONIC SEALED-BID AUCTION WITH THE EFFICIENT COMMUNICATION COMPLEXITY USING TOURNAMENT OPENING-METHOD Yong-Sor Hr Graduat school of Information Scinc and Elctrical Enginring, Kyushu Univ., 6-0-,Haozai,
More informationInterSCity: Addressing Future Internet Research Challenges for Smart Cities
IntrSCity: Addrssing Futur Intrnt Rsarch Challngs for Smart Citis Danil Macêdo Batista, Alfrdo Goldman, Robrto Hirata Jr., Fabio Kon Dpartmnt of Computr Scinc Univrsity of São Paulo Email: {batista,gold,hirata,kon}@im.usp.br
More informationN-Channel Depletion-Mode Vertical DMOS FET in Single and Dual Options. 14-Lead QFN* 5.00x5.00mm body 1.00mm height (max) 1.
Suprtx inc. Faturs Vry low gat thrshold voltag Dsignd to b sourc-drivn Low switching losss Low ffctiv output capacitanc Dsignd for inductiv loads Wll matchd for low scond harmonic whn drivn by Suprtx M30
More information