Vibrometers Using the Non-contact Laser Doppler Method The Non-contact Method Opens up the World of Vibration Measurement

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1 LV Sri Vibromtr Uing th Non-contact Lar Dopplr Mthod Th Non-contact Mthod Opn up th World of Vibration Maurmnt

LV-7ri A Nw Dicovry with Each U Non-contact Maurmnt Mak it Poibl al all nt n gh m h h r y o u r i g g u c - r o a t Hirat Hi un ta

with nitivity incrad by db (compard to arlir modl), and rmarkably improvd a of u.

togthr with th LV-7 Sri nabl optical pickup actuator analyi.

µm/ to m/ Gnral mchanical vibration High-pd mchanical vibration in intrnal-combution ngin Ultraonic tool, tc.

*Th LV-7 diplacmnt output board i mountd in th unit hown in th abov photograph.

count diplacmnt mtr unit and a MHz widband unit through to a 9-dgr rflcting mirror that bnd lar light in mall ara, to mt variou

Eaily handl a wid pctrum of vibration, from ultra-minut vibration to gnral mchanical vibration Th lar i a Cla viibl rd lar bam

LV-7 On-lin control High-rolution, nano-rang modl An RSC intrfac i providd to nabl on-lin control. Maurmnt frquncy Hz to khz,.

Short poitioning ditanc of only mm* Th nw-dign ln nabl it to b poitiond up to only mm away from th objct.

All-in-on ultra-compact unit Ential information i diplayd on th nor.

2 LV-7ri A Nw Dicovry with Each U Non-contact Maurmnt Mak it Poibl al all nt n gh m h h r y o u r i g g u c - r o a t Hirat Hi un ta jct hr la p tra ctu o l T n q a g R ob U tru r mp Tr f t Gratly incrad dtction ability Th nw optic ytm ud provid nhancd oprability with nitivity incrad by db (compard to arlir modl), and rmarkably improvd a of u. Covr a broad rang, from gnral mchanical vibration to high-frquncy, larg-amplitud vibration Uing th DS- and th DS rvo analyi oftwar togthr with th LV-7 Sri nabl optical pickup actuator analyi. LV-7 Wid-rang, all-round modl Small iz, lightwight nor Maurmnt frquncy Hz to MHz,. µm/ to m/ Gnral mchanical vibration High-pd mchanical vibration in intrnal-combution ngin Ultraonic tool, tc. Th mall-format, lightwight nor wigh approximatly 5 g*, including th ln, and can b frly mountd on a wid varity of dvic. *Th LV-7 diplacmnt output board i mountd in th unit hown in th abov photograph. *xcluding th cabl Saf Cla Lar Bam Wid rang of option Thr i a wid rang of priphral dvic availabl for th LV-7 Sri, from a fring count diplacmnt mtr unit and a MHz widband unit through to a 9-dgr rflcting mirror that bnd lar light in mall ara, to mt variou application nd. Eaily handl a wid pctrum of vibration, from ultra-minut vibration to gnral mchanical vibration Th lar i a Cla viibl rd lar bam (approx. nm) with an output of only mw or l. Thr ar almot no rtriction with rgard to opration or intallation. LV-7 On-lin control High-rolution, nano-rang modl An RSC intrfac i providd to nabl on-lin control. Maurmnt frquncy Hz to khz,.µm/ to.5 m/ Thin film vibration Micromachin, microtructur vibration Gnral mchanical vibration, tc. Short poitioning ditanc of only mm* *Th LV-7 diplacmnt output board i mountd in th unit hown in th abov photograph. Th nw-dign ln nabl it to b poitiond up to only mm away from th objct. Th mm ditanc i a tandard fatur. Morovr, a th ditanc cal i markd on th ln, th nor tting ar ay to mak. All-in-on ultra-compact unit Ential information i diplayd on th nor. CCD camra for magnifid monitoring of th objct Evn whn th nor and th convrtr ar at om ditanc from ach othr, th lvl mtr and dtction rror diplay providd on th nor nabl quick confirmation of th dtction tatu and ay tup. Th aily intallabl optional vido monitor unit (LV-7) nabl magnification up to 5 tim* to nabl confirmation of th lar bam poition on th am axi, and nur prciion of mall componnt. Th nor fit right into th mallformat convrtr unit for ay tranportation and torag. Th lightwight, all-in-on unit wigh only kg, and can b aily carrid around. * from th ln tip Storag trunk LV * monitor magnification

Option Option Board for Diplacmnt Output and Acclration Output If an option board i built into th LV-7/7, output of diplacmnt or acclration ignal via th option connctor i nabld.

(m/) /V (mm/v) (µm/v) (nm/v) LV-7 Acclration output board LV-7 Acclration rang rang (Hz to khz) (Hz to khz) (Hz to khz). (m/) /V (m/ ) /V 5 (m/ ) /V 7 (m/ ) /V. (m/) /V (m/ ) /V (m/ ) /V (m/ ) /V.

3 Option Option Board for Diplacmnt Output and Acclration Output If an option board i built into th LV-7/7, output of diplacmnt or acclration ignal via th option connctor i nabld. Output impdanc: 5 Ω Voltag output: ± V For LV-7 LV-7 Diplacmnt output board LV-7 Diplacmnt rang rang (Hz to khz) (Hz to 5kHz) (khz to khz). (m/) /V (mm/v) (mm/v) (µm/v). (m/) /V (mm/v) (µm/v) (µm/v). (m/) /V (mm/v) (µm/v) (nm/v) LV-7 Acclration output board LV-7 Acclration rang rang (Hz to khz) (Hz to khz) (Hz to khz). (m/) /V (m/ ) /V 5 (m/ ) /V 7 (m/ ) /V. (m/) /V (m/ ) /V (m/ ) /V (m/ ) /V. (m/) /V (m/ ) /V (m/ ) /V 5 (m/ ) /V For LV-7 LV-7 Diplacmnt output board LV-7 Diplacmnt rang rang (Hz to khz) (Hz to 5kHz) (khz to khz).5 (m/) /V 5 (mm/v) 5 (µm/v) 5 (nm/v). (m/) /V (mm/v) (µm/v) (nm/v). (m/) /V. (mm/v) (µm/v) (nm/v) LV-7 Acclration output board LV-7 Acclration rang rang (Hz to khz) (Hz to khz) (Hz to khz).5 (m/) /V 5 x (m/ ) /V 5 x (m/ ) /V 5 x 5 (m/ ) /V. (m/) /V (m/ ) /V (m/ ) /V 5 (m/ ) /V. (m/) /V (m/ ) /V x (m/ ) /V x (m/ ) /V Both diplacmnt output board (LV-7/LV-7) and acclration output board (LV-7/LV-7) can not b built in (LV-7/LV-7) imultanouly. LV- Fring Count Diplacmnt Mtr Unit Dignd for u with th LV Sri Lar Dopplr Vibromtr, th LV- i a diplacmnt mtr that u th fring count mthod. DC diplacmnt i alo poibl. Maximum rolution: 5 nm Output ignal rolution: -bit Maurmnt frquncy rang: DC to khz Output ignal: Analog ignal ± V Powr upply: VAC ±% A (// VAC on rqut.) Oprating tmpratur rang: to C Outr dimnion: (W) x (H) x 5 (D) mm Wight:.5 kg Application Maurmnt of minut diplacmnt and dformation in componnt and tructur. Maurmnt of low-frquncy vibration. Rang Maurmnt rang Output voltag nitivity Maximum rpon pd ±µm ±µm/v.79m/ ±µm ±µm/v.7m/ ±.5mm ±5µm/V m/ ±mm ±mm/v m/ 5 ±mm ±mm/v m/ LV- MHz Widband Unit Enabl up to a frquncy of MHz* whn connctd to th LV-7/7 Lar Dopplr Vibromtr. Maurmnt pd rang: mm/ to m/ Vlocity rang: (m/) V Maurmnt frquncy rang: Hz to MHz Vlocity output ignal: Analog voltag ±.5 V Output impdanc: 75 Ω Powr upply: VAC ±% A (// VAC on rqut.) Oprating tmpratur rang: to + C Outr dimnion: (W) x (H) x 5 (D) mm Wight: Approx..5 kg Application High-frquncy of crytal ocillator and pizolctric lmnt. * Modification to nabl connction i rquird.

4 Frly configur your own ytm from our wid rang of option that provid complt upport from dtction through to analyi. Larg-format magntic tand LV 9-dgr rflcting mirror LV Acclration output board for th LV-7 LV-7 Wavform analyi quipmnt* (FFT analyzr) Up to / khz Ultra-thin rflcting mirror LV-5 Vido monitor unit LV-7 Diplacmnt output board for th LV-7 LV-7 Multi-channl DS- Sri LV-7 Up to khz Bnchtop vibration iolator LV- Rflctiv mark LV- A iz, ht/pack Objctiv ln LV-55 Air purg ca LV- D-typ Lar Dopplr Vibromtr* LV LV-7 Acclration output board for th LV-7 LV-7 Diplacmnt output board for th LV-7 LV-7 Fring count diplacmnt mtr unit LV- MHz widband unit LV- CF-5Z Up to MHz CF-5Z + M data ampling unit CF-55 * Pla contact u or nart ditributor for dtaild information. Combining th LV-7 Sri with th LV-55 objctiv ln and th LV-7 vido monitor unit nabl vibration dtction of ultra-mall objct. Lar Dopplr Vibromtr A Brif Explanation If a light wav (wavlngth) of a pcific frquncy i bamd at a moving objct, th frquncy of th wav rflctd from th moving objct chang in proportion to th vlocity of th objct. Thi phnomnon i known a th Dopplr hift. A proportional rlationhip btwn th moving vlocity of th objct and th Dopplr hift i tablihd. Thi man that if th amount of chang caud by th Dopplr hift i known, th moving vlocity of th objct can thn b calculatd. Howvr, inc with a lar Dopplr vibromtr, th objct undr i a vibration phnomnon that ha plu and minu vlocity vctor, if th lar bam mittd from th lar ourc i ud a i, a problm occur with th point of judgmnt with rpct to th plu/minu ign. For thi raon, th optical htrodyn mthod utilizing an lmnt calld an acouto-optical modulator (AOM) i ud. With thi mthod, th lar bam that ha bn ubjctd to a pcific frquncy hift by th AOM i ud a th rfrnc bam, and thn mad to intrfr with th bam rflctd from th objct in th rciving lmnt. At thi tim, inc th rflctd bam i xprincing a Dopplr hift from th vibration of th objct undr, th bat frquncy of th intrfrd bam bcom an FMconvrtd wav cntrd at th hiftd frquncy from th AOM. Thi wav i thn convrtd to an lctrical ignal in th rciving lmnt. Aftr it undrgo FM dmodulation, a voltag ignal proportional to th vibratory vlocity of th objct undr i obtaind, and thn output from th convrtr a a vlocity ignal with a plu or minu (+/-) ign. Outlin of th Optical Htrodyn Mthod Lar light ourc Prim (Bam plittr) Prim (Bam plittr) Incidnt bam AOM Rflctd bam Maurmnt objct Rfrnc bam Rciving lmnt Voltag output Rflctd bam Prim (Bam plittr) Mirror 5

Accori LV Larg iz magntic tand Th magntic tand i ud for poitioning th nor.

LV-5 Fin-poitioning XY tag Th XY tag nabl prci alignmnt of th nor poition.

LV-7/7 ln nabl ay chcking of th lar pot poition at a high magnification ratio.

5 tim* *Whn a monitor i ud Attaching th objctiv ln to th nd of th LV-7/7 ln nabl th lar pot to b focud to

LV- Fin-poitioning Z tag Th Z tag nabl prci alignmnt of th nor up/down poition.

b bnt 9 dgr and rotatd dgr, o that it can b aimd at ara uch a mall crvic.

* A convrion adaptr i rquird for dirct mounting of th nor.

mirror. It i ud to rplac th mirror on th tip of th LV.

5 Accori LV Larg iz magntic tand Th magntic tand i ud for poitioning th nor. Uing it togthr with th LV-5 or LV- fin-poitioning tag nabl fin adjutmnt of th dtction poition. LV-5 Fin-poitioning XY tag Th XY tag nabl prci alignmnt of th nor poition. Stag urfac: x mm Movabl rang: ±5 mm LV-7 Vido Monitor Unit LV-55 Objctiv Ln Attaching th vido monitor unit to th LV-7/7 ln nabl ay chcking of th lar pot poition at a high magnification ratio. Maurmnt of ultra-mall componnt can b aily prformd. Monitor magnification ratio: Approx. 5 tim* *Whn a monitor i ud Attaching th objctiv ln to th nd of th LV-7/7 ln nabl th lar pot to b focud to approximatly µm. Maurmnt ditanc: Approx. mm * A convrion adaptr to nabl attachmnt i providd. LV- Fin-poitioning Z tag Th Z tag nabl prci alignmnt of th nor up/down poition. Stag urfac: x mm Movabl rang: to mm LV 9-dgr rflcting mirror Attaching th mirror to th LV- 7/7 ln nabl th lar bam to b bnt 9 dgr and rotatd dgr, o that it can b aimd at ara uch a mall crvic. LV-7 Larg iz tripod Ud for poitioning th nor in location whr thr i no bd plat. * A convrion adaptr i rquird for dirct mounting of th nor. LV-5 Ultra-thin rflcting mirror Thi i a 9-dgr rflcting mirror for u in ara that ar narrowr than th tip of th LV- mirror. It i ud to rplac th mirror on th tip of th LV. ø= mm LV- Bnchtop vibration iolator Iolat th nor from vibration tranmittd through ara uch a th floor. Auto-lvling typ. Siz: 5 x x 57 mm Wight: Approx. 9 kg Auto-lvling mchanim: Opratd uing. to.7 MPa prurizd air or nitrogn ga LV- Air purg ca Protct th nor from on-it oil mit and dut. * A parat air unit i rquird. LV Storag trunk Th torag trunk can hold th LV- 7/7 main unit togthr with option uch a th larg-format magntic tand. Wight: Approx. 9 kg LV- Stl plat Attaching th tl plat to th tripod nabl th magntic tand to b ud on top of th tripod (ud horizontally).

6 LV-7/7 Frquncy Charactritic Graph LV-7 LV-7 Frquncy charactritic through th HPF at Hz LV-7 frquncy charactritic (m/ HPF=Hz LPF=OFF) - - Frquncy charactritic through th HPF at Hz LV-7 frquncy charactritic (.m/ HPF=Hz LPF=OFF) - - Frquncy charactritic through th HPF at Hz LV-7 frquncy charactritic (m/ HPF=Hz LPF=OFF) - - Frquncy charactritic through th HPF at Hz LV-7 frquncy charactritic (.m/ HPF=Hz LPF=OFF) - - Frquncy charactritic through th LPF at MHz LV-7 frquncy charactritic (m/ LPF=MHz HPF=OFF) Frquncy charactritic through th LPF at khz LV-7 frquncy charactritic (.m/ LPF=kHz HPF=OFF) Frquncy charactritic through th LPF at khz LV-7 frquncy charactritic (m/ LPF=kHz HPF=OFF) Frquncy charactritic through th LPF at khz LV-7 frquncy charactritic (.m/ LPF=kHz HPF=OFF) Pha and gain frquncy charactritic whn th filtr i OFF. LV-7 pha/frquncy charactritic (m/ LPF=OFF HPF=OFF) Pha (dg) Pha and gain frquncy charactritic whn th filtr i OFF. LV-7 pha/frquncy charactritic (.m/ LPF=OFF HPF=OFF) Pha (dg) Not: Th abov frquncy charactritic ar th tandard valu for ach modl. 7

7 LASER ON Lar Vibromtr SIG LEVEL ERROR LV-7 FILTER HIGH PASS Hz LOW PASS khz RANGE VELOCITY (m/)/v OVER.5.. PUSH LASER RADIATION DO NOT STARE INTO BEAM mw MAX. CW H-N nm CLASS LASER PRODUCT IEC 5-: MONITOR VELOCITY OPTION UTPUT 5 5 cm IN.5- m LV-7/7 Spcification Snor Unit Dtction dmodulation ytm Light ourc Rflctd light output Maurmnt ditanc Lar pot Signal cabl lngth Diplay unit Convrtr Unit Vlocity dmodulation uing optical htrodyn dtction H-N lar (. nm wavlngth) Within mw (conforming to Cla JIS C tandard) mm to 5 m µm or l (at th hortt ditanc) m (can b xtndd to a maximum of 5 m by modification on rqut.) Lvl diplay, -gmnt LED bar diplay Output rror diplay (rd LED diplay) Maurmnt frquncy rang Hz to MHz Hz to khz Vlocity rang m//v (max. m/).5 m//v (max..5 m/). m//v (max. m/). m//v (max.. m/). m//v (max.. m/). m//v (max.. m/) Vlocity output Analogu voltag: ± V (DC offt within ± mv) Minimum vlocity rolution. µm/. µm/ (whn th rang i (whn th rang i. m//v. m//v and khz Filtr and th LPF MHz or khz) OFF) Output impdanc 5 Ω (th lowt input impdanc i kω or highr) Low-pa filtr khz, MHz, OFF khz, khz, OFF High-pa filtr Hz, Hz, OFF Hz, Hz, OFF Monitor output Analogu voltag: to V (output impdanc 5 Ω) Vlocity rang diplay LED diplay Diplay unit Lvl diplay, -gmnt LED bar diplay Lar miion (grn LED) Vlocity ovrrang (rd LED) Snor rror diplay (rd LED) Storag Th nor unit fit into th convrion unit, and th cabl i wound up on th rar panl. Extrnal Rmot Safty lock Intrcpt th lar bam path (lar miion whn th bam path i hort.) Non-voltag a contact input Mchanical huttr Intrcpt th lar bam path whn th main unit ky witch or th afty lock i activatd. Intrfac RSC Gnral Spcification Oprating powr upply to VAC, 5/ Hz Oprating tmpratur rang to C Oprating humidity rang to +% RH (non-condning) Storag tmpratur rang - to +5 C Snor wight Approx. 5 g (xcluding th cabl) Main unit wight Approx. kg (including th nor) Powr conumption 5 VA or l (at VAC, 5 Hz) Crtification Th LV-7/7 modl hav bn dignd and ttd in accordanc with th following tandard. [JIS C (Lar Product Emiion Safty Standard)] [IEC5-:] [FDA(CDRH)] [CE Marking (Low Voltag Dirctiv: EN-) (EMC dirctiv: EN)] [FCC(Part 5B)] [CANADA EMI Standard(ICES)] LASER RADIATION DO NOT STARE INTO BEAM mw MAX. CW H-N nm CLASS LASER PRODUCT IEC 5-: LV-7 LV-7 Outr Dimnion (common to both LV-7/7) Snor Unit Convrtr Unit LV-7/7 Maurmnt Rang m/ m/.5 m/. m/. m/ Vlocity (m/). µm/. µm/ Hz SIG LEVEL 7 ERROR () () M MADE JAPAN ONO SOKKI CO., LTD. M Bottom panl mounting dimnion Diplacmnt (m) khz (.5) (5) (.) (5) mm khz khz Th rang ar within th fram hown abov. mm MHz Rar panl µm nm 5 7 Acclration (m/ ).nm Unit: mm LV-7 LV-7 LV-7/7 * DC and m/ pcification ar alo availabl. Pla contact u for furthr dtail. U.S.A. & CANADA Ono Sokki Tchnology Inc. 7 Excutiv Driv, Suit Addion, IL. U.S.A. Phon : 7-97 Fax : 7 URL : info@onookki.nt P.R.CHINA Ono Sokki Bijing Offic Bijing Jing Guang Cntr 5 Hu Jia Lou, Chao Yang Qu Bijing P.R.C. Phon: 597 Fax : onookki@public.bta.nt.ch * Outr apparanc and pcification ar ubjct to chang without prior notic. URL: WORLDWIDE Ono Sokki Co., Ltd. -- Hakuan, Midori-ku, Yokohama 57, Japan Phon: Fax : ovra@onookki.co.jp Rcycld Papr CAT. NO. 9- Printd in Japan 9 (SK) K

Chapter 2 Fundamentals of OFDM

Chapter 2 Fundamentals of OFDM Chaptr 2 Fundamntal of OFDM 2. OFDM Baic [9] Th baic principl of OFDM i to divid th high-rat data tram into many low rat tram that ach i tranmittd imultanouly ovr it own ubcarrir orthogonal to all th othr.