Improving energy performance power station of ship with integrated electric propulsion

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1 ICMAA (07) DOI: 0.05/ matecconf/ Imroving energy erformance ower station of shi with integrated electric roulsion Andrey Dar enkov Ivan Samoyavchev Oleg Khvatov Valeriy Sugakov Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University n.a. R.E. Alekseev Institute of Electric Power Engineering Nizhny Novgorod Russia Volga state university of water transort Electromechanical Faculty Nizhny Novgorod Russia Abstract. The article resents the method of calculating the ower lant fuel consumtion on the basis of dieselgenerating installation (DGI) with variable seed for shis with integrated electric roulsion. Alication DGI with variable seed allows saving fuel and therefore reducing harmful emissions into the atmoshere. In the aer calculated the fuel efficiency of unified ower station on the basis of a variable seed DGI ower of 000 kw. Introduction On water transort are increasingly using integrated electric roulsion. This roulsion motors (PM) can be sulied together with other consumers from a unified ower station (UPS). Alication UPS simlifies maintenance and imroves the reliability of the energy system of autonomous object by reducing the total number of system elements. The rimary engine UPS widely used internal combustion engines (ICE). As a rule UPS are based on diesel DGI of constant rotation seed rotation. The electric ower station gain in erformance is ossible due to variable seed rotation of DGI alication. Fuel saving in this case is erformed by setting for each load ower value the otimal ICE shaft rotation frequency corresonding to the minimal fuelconsumtion rate [ ]. The UPS - DGI with variable seed rotation is a relatively new technical trend in small ower. Research this systems carried out several foreign comanies such as Fubag Honda Hyundai Kyor ABB Wartsila etc. In Russia research carried out JSC R&D Center for ower engineering (Moscow) JSC ZVEZDA (St. Petersburg) JSC Sigma (Kovrov) VSUWT and NNSTU (N.Novgorod). The use of UPS - DGI can reduce the absolute and relative Fuel consumtion and ensure otimal thermal oeration of DGI imrove service life and reduce the amount of harmful emissions into the atmoshere. Fuel saving calculation of UPS with variable seed rotation Determination the relative and absolute indexes of fuel consumtion of UPS with a variable frequency of rotation DGI has been carried out as shown by UPS shi with electric roulsion [4]. The calculation takes into account the energy loss of each element of the ower structure of the UPS (fig. ) when the load ower changing over the entire range. On fig. energy diagram where G - absolute fuel consumtion rate P m ower of DGI P SG - ower of SG P FC ower of frequency converter P T ower of transformer ΔP m ΔP SG ΔP FC ΔP T ower loss. It should be noted that the change load ower in UPS causes a change seed shaft of DGI [3]. When calculating UPS efficiency it is taken into account those electrical equiment elements comrised in UPS with a variable frequency of rotation DGI (synchronous generator (SG) PM transformer (T) frequency converter (FC)) oerate at variable frequency and voltage range. The ICE fuel consumtion rate is determined according to the multivariate ICE characteristic []. Figure. Energy diagram of ower circuit UPS with variable seed DGI. 3 UPS elements efficiency calculation To calculate the efficiency of the UPS are used deending on the efficiency of the voltage frequency for each ower element of UPS. 3.. Efficiency of synchronous machine The synchronous machine efficiency (SM) is determined through the following equations The Authors ublished by EDP Sciences. This is an oen access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (htt://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

ICMAA 07 08 400 (07) DOI: 0.05/ matecconf/0708400 SM P i b c add I 0005P add I n f / 50 K( B m i b c U 0 / 50 I m I mech 8 b f r m m r m 3 n /000 D /00.

mechanical losses 0/50 secific magnetic losses f stator voltage frequency B s B s induction corresonding to stator finger and lamination K correcting coefficient β coefficient considering the steel

2 ICMAA (07) DOI: 0.05/ matecconf/ SM P i b c add I 0005P add I n f / 50 K( B m i b c U 0 / 50 I m I mech 8 b f r m m r m 3 n /000 D /00. t s I t mech s B s m s In () are used η SM synchronous machine efficiency Р ower consumtion Σ total losses in a machine i iron losses b brush friction losses c coer losses add additional losses mech mechanical losses 0/50 secific magnetic losses f stator voltage frequency B s B s induction corresonding to stator finger and lamination K correcting coefficient β coefficient considering the steel losses deendency on the magnetization ratio; m s stator finger mass; m s stator lamination mass r effective resistance of stator coil hase m t ratio considering the coil heat. Fig shows the efficiency deendencies on stator rimary voltage frequency for a synchronous machine МСК (P N =000 kw n =500 min - ). The deendencies corresond to load ower P = 05P N ; 05P N ; 075P N ; P N. ) () T P w it v'( f /50) B it w w mi mi r mt r mt. w Gc In () the following notations are used η T transformer efficiency; Σ total losses w w - electrical losses ones in winding it steel losses υ - secific steel losses [ 5] G C core steel mass m the transformer hase number m t coil heat ratio; I I r r resectively currents and resistance values of rimary and secondary transformer windings. Fig.3 shows deendencies of the efficiency of voltage frequency of transformer ТСЗМ ОМ5. () Figure 3. Deendency of transformer efficiency ТСЗМ ОМ5 of suly voltage frequency Efficiency of frequency converter Frequency converter (Fig. 4) efficiency as shown are calculated according to the following equations Figure. Deendency of МСК SM efficiency on frequency of ower voltage at variable ower P. According to [] synchronous machines of МСК series the oerate duration at stator current I=5I N is not to exceed 05 h. Fig. and the following ones the dotted line limits the area of currents control I5I N. 3.. Efficiency of transformer The transformer efficiency is determined by mainly the following equations P FC rec P P L P SW rec wc f inv f Pd Prec P P P ( UT 0I Fav rt k I Fav) 6 (3) Pd RLI D f Pd PL P P P P I U ( I ) sem IGBT d E ts D f P rec DF SW I FM DF U FM sem D. P In (3) are used η FC efficiency of frequency converter η rec efficiency of rectifier η wc efficiency of ulsewidth converter η f efficiency of filter η inv efficiency inverter P d active ower at the rectifier outlets P rec rectifier losses P sem - semi-conducting equiment devices losses P sub cooling system system rotection and control system losses. P FAV diode losses resulting from direct current flow I FAV k ϕ current form ratio r T differential resistance U T0 threshold voltage P L filter inductance losses P IGBT IGBT cav sub CE c

value U CE(Ic) saturation voltage at the given collector current E ts total energy losses at the collector losses current together with block drive circuit I FМ diode average current; U FМ diode

Determine the efficiency of the FC T SM for each secified seed of SP. The ower SM is determined through the following equation P SM = P SP /(η SM η FC η T ). (6) Figure 4.

5 shows the deendencies of the efficiency of voltage frequency for the frequency converter having the nominal ower 000 kw.

3 ICMAA (07) DOI: 0.05/ matecconf/ losses P D - dynamic in IGBT transistor losses P SW - static in IGBT transistor losses P DF - built-in IGBT diode losses I CAV the average imulse current conductivity collector value U CE(Ic) saturation voltage at the given collector current E ts total energy losses at the collector losses current together with block drive circuit I FМ diode average current; U FМ diode voltage at current I FM. n SP f f0 (5) nsp _ 0 where f 0 nominal frequency SM n SP current frequency SP n SP_0 nominal frequency of DGI. Determine the efficiency of the FC T SM for each secified seed of SP. The ower SM is determined through the following equation P SM = P SP /(η SM η FC η T ). (6) Figure 4. Flowchart of UPS frequency converter: rec out-ofcontrol rectifier PWM ulse width converter F F filters Inv stand-alone inverter. Fig. 5 shows the deendencies of the efficiency of voltage frequency for the frequency converter having the nominal ower 000 kw. There have been obtained the grahs of secific fuel consumtion rate (G e ) on the SP rotation (n) for the two UPS modes with the controlled and uncontrolled DGI (Fig. 6-9). The obtained figures show UPS with the controlled rotation frequency of DGI as comared to UPS without frequency control of DGI. Figure 6. ICE fuel consumtion rate of UPS ower 000 kw: without regulation of seed DGI with frequency regulation of seed DGI. Figure 5. The deendence of the efficiency of the frequency converter ower 000 kw from the utility ower frequency. 4 UPS fuel economy estimate at load ower «roulsion engine» Installed ower of the SM is the sum roulsion ower and the onboard shi ower (fig. ). Fuel consumtion of ICE is calculated in a range of screw-roeller (SP) seeds from 75 to 300 min - in increments of 5 min -. To determine the ICE fuel consumtion is used multivariable characteristic [6 7]. ICE with a nominal seed of 400 min - and a ower 00 kw is selected to erform the calculations []. The shat moment on the SP is determined according to the equation Figure 7. ICE fuel consumtion rate UPS owered by 000 kw. M 5 Kn D (4) where K torque coefficient SP ρ medium density n frequency of rotation SP D р diameter SP. The suly voltage frequency SM is determined through the exression Figure 8. ICE absolute fuel consumtion of UPS owered by 000 kw: with the regulation of frequency DGI; without the frequency regulation of DGI. 3

ICMAA 07 08 400 (07) DOI: 0.05/ matecconf/0708400 According to a multivariate characteristic within the range of ICE light loads is dislaces into the range of higher fuel consumtion rate.

In absolute fuel consumtion UPS with regulation frequency of DGI economical system without regulation by 5-7%.

control. To enhance the economy of UPS it is necessary to control the SM with resect to load ower as related to the exression [ 8 9] Figure.

4 ICMAA (07) DOI: 0.05/ matecconf/ According to a multivariate characteristic within the range of ICE light loads is dislaces into the range of higher fuel consumtion rate. The fuel calculation data are shown in fig. 3. Figure 9. Absolute fuel consumtion of ICE in UPS of 000 kw. In absolute fuel consumtion UPS with regulation frequency of DGI economical system without regulation by 5-7%. 5 UPS calculation of fuel economy considering at the SM control The above characteristics of secific and absolute fuel consumtion rate have been obtained without taking into account SM excitation control. To enhance the economy of UPS it is necessary to control the SM with resect to load ower as related to the exression [ 8 9] Figure. Absolute fuel rate consumtion of ICE in UPS: without regulation seed of ICE 34 with seed regulation of ICE 3 with regulation current excitation of SM 4 without with regulation current excitation of SM. iex xd xd cos xd xd cos (7) where i ex =I ex /I ex_nom =P /S NOM. As shown in grahs (Fig.0 ) at the excitation control (Fig.0 curves 3) the fuel consumtion rate increases by the range of light and average loads. Figure 3.. Absolute fuel consumtion of ICE in UPS ower 000 kw with regulation current excitation of SM. 6 Conclusion Figure 0. ICE average consumtion rate of UPS ower 000 kw: without the seed regulation of DGI; 34 - with seed regulation of DGI; 3 with regulation current excitation of SM; 4 without regulation current excitation of SM. Alication UPS on the variable seed of ICE allows to efficiently economizing fuel consumtion rate and reduces air emissions. Providing otimal mode of ICE in terms of fuel efficiency requires a new aroach to the fuel suly control and can be imlemented on modern management tools including intelligent neural networktye control systems. In the aer calculated the fuel efficiency of unified ower station on the basis of a variable seed DGI ower of 000 kw. On the basis of the calculation results obtained by the comarative characteristics of the secific and absolute fuel consumtion for the two modes of oeration: a seed control of rotation DGI deending on the load and a constant frequency of rotation of the DGI. In UPS of 000 kw fuel savings can be u to 3% in absolute consumtion. Acknowledgment Figure. The ICE fuel consumtion rate economy in UPS ower 000 kw with SM excitation control. The research was erformed with the suort of the State Research Program (roject /K) on 4

5 ICMAA (07) DOI: 0.05/ matecconf/ deartment «Electrical equiment electric drive and automatics» of Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University n.a. R.E. Alekseev. References. О.S. Khvatov А.B. Daryenkov I.S. Samoyavchev. Jeksluatacija morskogo transorta. The fuel rofitability of unified electric ower station of shi based on a exlosion engine by alternating frequency rotation of shaf 7 47 (03). O.S. Khvatov A.B. Daryenkov I.S. Polyakov. Vestnik IGEU. Neural Network Algorithm of Control System of Fuel Suly of Frequency Rotation Diesel Generator Set 3 50 (03) 3. О.S. Khvatov А.B. Daryenkov. Promishlennaya energetika. A stand-alone diesel electric ower station with a neural network economy mode сof neural network economy mode setting device 6 (03) 4. О.S. Khvatov А.B. Daryenkov. Elechtotechnika. Power lant based on a variable-seed diesel generator 3 8 (04) 5. O.S. Khvatov A.B. Dar enkov Russian Electrical Engineering. Power lant based on a variable-seed diesel generator (04) 6. A.B. Daryenkov O.S. Khvatov F.F. Yurlov N.V. Usov. Vestnik of Astrakhan state technical university. Series: Marine engineering and technologies. Definition of economic efficiency of diesel electric ower stations with alternating frequency of rotation of the shaft 3 64 (04) 7. A.B. Daryenkov O.S. Khvatov. News of the Tula state university. Technical sciences. Intelligent controls of highly effective the diesel-generator installation of variable frequency of rotation 3 6 (00) 8. S.М. Dmitriev V.V. Konratyev О.S. Khvatov А.B. Daryenkov Е.А. Chernov. Proceedings VII International Conference on Power Drives Systems. Intellectual servo-drive of fuel suly of a variable rotation seed stand-alone electric ower station 59 (0) 9. О.S. Khvatov А.B. Daryenkov I.S. Samoyavchev. Proceedings VIII International Conference on Power Drives Systems. High-efficiency electric roulsion system of a stand-alone object 396 (04) 5

U-series IGBT Modules (1,200 V)

U-series IGBT Modules (1,200 V) U-series IGBT Modules (1, V) Yuichi Onozawa Shinichi Yoshiwatari Masahito Otsuki 1. Introduction Power conversion equiment such as general-use inverters and uninterrutible ower sulies (UPSs) is continuously