E-CONGKAK: THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ELECTRONIC CONGKAK BOARD GAME TO PROMOTE TRADITIONAL BOARD GAME TO YOUNGER MALAYSIAN GENERATION

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1 E-CONGKAK: THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ELECTRONIC CONGKAK BOARD GAME TO PROMOTE TRADITIONAL BOARD GAME TO YOUNGER MALAYSIAN GENERATION Amir Faqihuddin Hafizan, Amar Faiz Zainal Abidin, Nik Zulfiqar Nik Suhaimi, Muhammad Muzamil Mustam, Firdaus Sukarman, Kamaru Adzha Kadiran, Siti Aliyah Salh and Rozi Rifin Faculty of Elctrical Enginring, Univrsiti Tknologi MARA Cawangan Johor, Kampus Pasir Gudang, Johor, Malaysia Faculty of Elctrical & Elctronics Enginring Tchnology, Univrsiti Tknikal Malaysia Mlaka, Durian Tunggal, Mlaka, Malaysia Faculty of Mchanical Enginring, Univrsiti Tknologi MARA Cawangan Johor, Kampus Pasir Gudang, Johor, Malaysia ABSTRACT Congkak board gam has bn a traditional board gam playd among Malaysian. Unfortunatly, lik any othr traditional gams, thr is a grat dclin of intrst among youngr Malaysia gnration du to popularity of multimdiabasd gams. Th objctiv of this projct is to improvis th traditional board gam by dvloping an lctronic basd board gam that givs th intractiv lmnt thos most multimdia-basd gams, yt kp th traditional kinsthtic and human to human lmnt. Th projct uss Arduino Mga as controllr, svn sgmnt displays to indicats numbr of marbls in ach hol, and push button for th usr to slct which hol to slct. A survy consists of six s was don among th young Malaysians to vrify whthr th lctronic board gam is bttr than th traditional board gam. Th rsult indicats that th lctronic board gam provd to b popular among th young gnration. Kywords: congkak, kinsthtic, traditional board gam, Arduino.. INTRODUCTION Congkak is a board gam that had bn playd among th Malays for gnrations. This board gam is a variation of Mancala gam. Th word Mancala rfrs to th trms of count and captur in Arabic []. Although th board gam coms from Arabic word, th board gam origin is said to b from Africa []. Congkak is th nam givn by th Malaysian for this board gam and th word Congkak roots to back to th word congak which mans counting silntly. As th nam suggstd, th most important skill rquird to win this board gam is to b abl to prform mathmatical calculation in on prson had. On might argud that this traditional board gam is obsolt compard to th mor complx vido gam yt thr ar svral articls that shows Mancala has it significant important to b rtain. An articl writtn by J. Rtschitzki and havily rcommnds th us of Mancala board gam for lmntary school studnts. Th rsarch found that th mancala board gam suitabl for th drill of counting and arithmtic opration []. D. Barkr inspird by Mancala board gam and us th board gam concpt as a mthodology to masur th farmrs attituds and nvironmntal imags []. P. Latorr mntiond that th concpt of harvsting in most of modrn ral stratgy gams is fundamntally basd on th Mancala gam principl []. Congkak is th two-rank vrsion of Mancala which consists of two ranks. Each rank usually has svn hols, and ach hol has svn pbbls. Thr also two hols of locatd at th nd of th ranks. Ths hols rprsnt th point collctd by ach playr. Thr is a grat dclin of intrst among th Malaysians on Congkak and traditional board gams in gnral. Th main contributor to this dclin is th ris of multimdia-basd gam such as vido gams, computr gams and smartphon gams which ar mor intractiv and dsignd to kp th gamr attntion. Th objctiv of this projct is to improvis th traditional board gam by dvloping an lctronic basd board gam that givs th intractiv lmnt thos most multimdia-basd gams, yt kp th traditional kinsthtic and human to human lmnt. By doing so, th author hop that th board gam abl to promot this traditional gam by improvising th board gam to catr th intrst of youngr gnration. This should align with [], whrby larning nginring should b fun. Th only documntd attmpt on crating an lctronic vrsion of Mancala is don by David Piggott in yar 9. Th author cratd an lctronic vrsion of Bantumi (a variation of Mancala) calld ibantumi []. ibantumi consists of two ranks, fiv hols and ach pbbl rprsntd by an LED. E-Congkak dviats from th ibantumi whr E-Congkak is basd on th ruls of Congkak and in trm of hardwar rprsntation, th svn sgmnt LED to rprsnt numbr of pbbls. Dtail xplanation of E-Congkak will b don in th Mthodology sction.. METHODOLOGY Th proposd lctronic Congkak board gam, E- Congkak is a simplifid vrsion of th actual Congkak board gam whr Tabl- indicats clarly th diffrncs. Traditional Congkak board gam consists of two ranks, svn hols for ach rank, and svn pbbls pr hol, whil E-Congkak slightly miniatur in ordr to rduc th gam tim and th complxity. In th traditional Congkak board gam both playrs start simultanously initially whil E-Congkak only allows playr on to start first. E-Congkak also dos not 96

2 implmnt th Tikam rul in which th playr can collct th opposit rank hol s pbbls whn th playr nd his turn givn that th playr had visitd ach hol of board gam. Tabl-. Diffrncs btwn E-Congkak and traditional Congkak. Faturs Numbr of hols pr rank Numbr of pbbls pr hol Both playrs start simultanously at th bginning of th gam Implmnt Tikam rul E- Congkak Fiv Fiv Traditional Congkak Svn Svn Th block diagram of E-Congkak as shown in Figur-, th main componnt of E-Congkak consists of Arduino Mga as th micro-controllr. Arduino is th main controllr that has bn usd in prvious projct as statd in [9-]. Th us of Arduino Mga instad Arduino Uno bcaus Arduino Mga has mor digital pins which ar rquird to catr as th output pin to display th svnsgmnt displays. Th dirction of th arrow shows th dirction of th signal. For ach hol, Arduino will snd signal to IC9: Shift Rgistr instad of a mor convntional way which is using IC6: BCD-to-- Sgmnt Dcodr. Th main purpos of using IC9 instad snding signal straight from Arduino to -Sgmnt is to rduc th us of digital pins [6]. Th total Arduino digital pins usd to snd data is pins instad of 96 pins for IC6 configuration, and 9 pins for dirct connction configuration. Figur-. Block diagram of E-Congkak. Each hol is rprsntd by two svn-sgmnt displays as thr is possibility of ach hol will hav mor than pbbls. Th total pbbls on th board ar pbbls thus two svn-sgmnt displays ar adquat to display th maximum valu of th pbbls. A push button is us on ach hol to for th playr to prss if th playr dcids to slct th hol. Two LEDs ar usd to indicat th playr turn, whil a buzzr is us to giv th ffct of th pbbl had bn pickd up and plac in ach hol. Figur- shows th top viw of th simulation circuit of E- Congkak, whil Figur- shows th hardwar implmntation of E-Congkak. Figur-. E-Congkak s circuit simulation. Figur-. E-Congkak s hardwar implmntation. First, whn E-Congkak board is turn on, th yllow LED for first playr is light up. Th first playr can choos which hol h wants to start by prss th push button corrsponds to it. Whn th push button has bn prss, th svn sgmnt of th chosn hol will blink twic thn continuously display zro to rprsnt that th pbbls of th hol hav bn pickd up. Th blinking ffct to attract th playr attntion in ordr to giv th playr th sns of ffct th pbbls had bn pickd up. Thn, th nxt hol in th clockwis ordr will updat by on which giv th imprssion of that on of th pbbls had bn placd to that hol. Th svn sgmnt displays corrspond to th hol will updat by incrmnting th valu by on. This procss is rpatd to th following hols in clockwis ordr until playr on turn nds. Th largr svn sgmnts on nd of ach rank rprsnt th points accumulatd by th playr. Evry tim this hol is updatd, th program also will chck if th valu is gratr than, th buzzr will mak a plasant sound which indicats th playr had won th gam. This is bcaus a playr is considr to win th gam whn h had collctd mor than half ( pbbls) of th total pbbls on th 96

3 board ( pbbls). Th gam will b rst aftr it. If th valu is not gratr than, it will procd th gam. Nxt, rd LED of th scond playr is light up. Th scond playr also had to mak a choic which hol h wants to choos by prssing th corrsponding push button. Similar procdur as mntiond in th prvious paragraph will occur until ithr on playr won th gam. Onc th winnr is idntifid, th gam will b rst aftr it. Tabl- shows th possibl scnario of th gam play with supporting vidnc. t that in Figur-, playr on location is at th bottom of th imag and playr two is on top of th imag. For playr on, hol numbr on is th most right of playr on whil hol numbr fiv is th most lft of playr on. Manwhil, for playr two, hol numbr six is th most right of playr two whil hol numbr is th most lft of playr two. Vido of th dmonstration of th E-Congkak can b sn at Malaysia Innovation Channl []. Tabl-. Scnario of th E-Congkak gamplay. Scnario Expctd rsult Actual rsult LED (yllow) playr on is turn on. Svn sgmnts hol on will blink twic, and bcoms Th gam just zro. Svn sgmnts hol two, thr, four, fiv startd and playr and six, ach will blink twic and valu will on slct hol incrmnt by on. Sinc th svn sgmnt last on pbbl insrt to th playr on point-hol, playr on can continu th gam by choosing a nw hol. Playr on turn has ndd. Playr two dcid to choos hol six. LED (rd) playr two is turn on. Svn sgmnts hol six will blink twic, and bcoms zro. Svn sgmnts hol svn, ight, nin, and, ach will blink twic and valu will incrmnt by on. Th gam will continu until playr two turns nd. hardwar implmntation. hardwar implmntation. hardwar implmntation. Top imag bfor th incrmnt, bottom imag shows aftr th incrmnt. Whn playr on obtaind mor than points/pbbls Th svn sgmnts playr on point-hol will blink twic incrmnt valu by on, th buzzr will produc a sound of music. Th gam will rst automatically in a minut tim. Whn playr two obtaind mor than points/pbbls Th svn sgmnts playr two point-hol will blink twic incrmnt valu by on, th buzzr will produc a sound of music. Th gam will rst automatically in a minut tim. hardwar implmntation. Top imag bfor th incrmnt, bottom imag shows aftr th incrmnt. t that in both imags playr two is at th bottom. 966

4 . RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Th prototyp built is thn prsntd to primary school studnts ( mal and fmal) that ar in Standard in ordr to obtain fdback. All studnts chosn hav nvr playd Congkak bfor. Th studnts ar askd th first six s of th survy (as shown in Tabl-) bfor th studnts ar paird in two and givn a minuts dmonstration sand playing sssion with th traditional Congkak. Thn th studnts ar givn tim to try out E-Congkak. Aftr that th studnts ar givn opportunity to play with th mobil-phon vrsion of Macala. Thn, a survy is don to find whthr E-Congkak is mor appal to youngr Malaysian gnration (as shown in Tabl-). t that th survy is don by univrsity studnt voluntr who vrbally intrviw th primary studnts and fill up th nair accordi Tabl-. List of s of th survy. Bginning of th sssion Hav you vr play vido gam? Why do you lik playing vido gam? Choos board gam that you hav play bfor What is th most intrsting board gam you vr play? Hav you hard about Congkak bfor? Choos rason why you nvr play Congkak although you hav hard about it Aftr th sssion Is traditional Congkak gam is Is E-Congkak is Is mobil-basd Macala is Among thr vrsion of Congkak/Macala, which is th most intrsting vrsion? typ / answr answr choic / answr typ -scal Linkrt scal -scal Linkrt scal -scal Linkrt scal choic : Hav you vr play vido gam? Th purpos of including this in th survy is to undrstand th rspondnts background on vido gam. It can b clarly sn in Figur- that 9% of th rspondnts hav playd vido gam bfor spcially on mobil. This shows that th rspondnts ar tchnology savvy. Figur-. Rspond for. : Why do you lik playing vido gam? This is multipl answr which mans a rspondnt can slct mor than on answr. Figur- concludd that th main rason rspondnt playd vido gam is du to th nic animation. Basd on th intrviw, most of th rspondnts said thy njoy intract with th gam charactrs. Hav you vr play vido gam? 9 Figur-. Rspond for. : Why do you lik playing vido gam? Similar to, this is multipl answr which mans a rspondnt can slct mor than on answr. Figur- concludd that th majority of th rspondnts (% of thm) had play Snak & Laddr board gam. On thing to notic also, thr is rspondnts who play all th main board gams xcpt Chins chckrs. Fiv rspondnts who answrd othrs ar rfrring to th Monopoly board gam. t also that all rspondnts had at last playd on board gam in thir ntir lif. Datnrihn 9 Why do you lik playing vido gam? Nic anim atio n Lik gam pla y Kill fr tim Oth rs t sur Datnrihn 96

5 Sna Ch k ss & Ch ck rs Lud o Chi ns Figur-6. Rspond for. : What is th most intrsting board gam you vr play? This is multipl choic which to idntify th most popular board gam. Figur- concludd that 6% rspondnts lov Snak & Laddr board gam. Anothr intrsting finding from th survy out rspondnts who playd Monopoly lovs th board gam. Choos board gam that you hav play bfor Figur-. Rspond for. Scr abb l Oth rs Datnrihn What is th most intrsting board gam you vr play? Sna k & Lad dr Ch ss Ch ck rs : Hav you vr hard about Congkak bfor? This is a ys/no answr. Figur- shows th distribution of th rspondnts who hard about Congkak bfor is qual to numbr of rspondnts who hav not hard about Congkak bfor. 6: Choos rason why you nvr play Congkak although you hav hard about it? This is a lading to, thrfor thr is only rspondnts answrd this. Figur-9 shows that th two main rasons why th rspondnts do not play Congkak ar nvr hav th opportunity and thy do not find Congkak ar intrsting. Lud o Chi ns Ch Scr abb l Oth rs Datnrihn Hav you vr hard about Congkak bfor? 6 6 Figur-. Rspond for. Figur-9. Rspond for 6. : Is traditional Congkak gam is This is a -scal Linkrt-scal. Th is askd by th voluntr to th rspondnts and basd on th rspond obtaind th voluntr dcidd th suitabl answr rprsnting th rspond givn. Figur- shows majority has a nutral fling on th gam dos xplain that thr is lack of intrst on th board gam. t sur Datnrihn Choos rason why you nvr play Congkak although you hav hard about it 6 Nv r hav th t intr stin g Th rul is co Exp nsiv Oth rs Datnrihn Is traditional Congkak gam is 9 6 agr Agr Nut ral Disa gr disa gr Datnrihn 9 Figur-. Rspond for. 96

6 : Is E-Congkak gam is Similar to th prvious, this is a -scal Linkrt-scal. Th is askd by th voluntr to th rspondnts and basd on th rspond obtaind th voluntr dcidd th suitabl answr rprsnting th rspond givn. Figur- shows majority has agrd that E-Congkak is intrsting. Is E-Congkak is 9 agr Agr Nut ral Disa gr Figur-. Rspond for. disag r Datnrihn 9 9: Is mobil-basd Macala gam is Similar to th prvious, this is a -scal Linkrt-scal. Th is askd by th voluntr to th rspondnts and basd on th rspond obtaind th voluntr dcidd th suitabl answr rprsnting th rspond givn. Figur- shows that although majority agrd mobil vrsion of Macala is intrsting but thr ar two rspondnts disagrd. : Among th thr vrsion of Congkak /Macala, which is th most intrsting vrsion? This is a straight forward asking th rspondnts to dcid whthr E-Congkak is suprior compard to othr vrsions. Basd on Figur-, 6% rspondnts choos E-Congkak and 6% choos th mobil vrsion. This validats th prvious thr s. Although, it prdictd that E-Congkak is bttr than traditional Congkak but it is a surpris to s that E- Congkak is considrd mor intrsting than th mobil vrsion. Figur-. Rspond for 9. Figur-. Rspond for.. CONCLUSIONS This papr prsntd th dvlopmnt of th lctronic-basd of th traditional Malay board gam, Congkak. Dtails had of th hardwar and softwar had bn xplaind. Th prototyp had bn tstd to th targt usrs. Th finding of th survy indicats that th rspondnts prfr E-Congkak compard to th mobil vrsion and th traditional board gam. REFERENCES Is mobil-basd Macala gam is agr Agr Nut ral Disa gr disa gr Datnrihn 6 9 [] S. E. D. Wilkins.. Sports and Gams of Mdival Culturs, pp., Grnwood Prss. 6 Among th thr vrsion of Congkak/Macala, which is th most intrsting vrsion? Traditio nal board gam 9 E- Congka k Mobilbasd Datnrihn [] J. Rtschitzki and C. Wicht. 9. In favor of th ducational us of Mancala gams. Carrfours d l Education. 6(): -6. [] D. Barkr. 99. Appropriat mthodology: An xampl using a Traditional African Board Gam to masur Farmrs Attituds and Enviromntal Imags. Th IDS Bulltin. ():

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