1.2 Cutting along grain

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Spencer Pitts
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1 1. Sawing 1.2 Cutting along grain Application Workpiece material Machine Tooth shape For splitting or edging timber, for cutting lamellos on horizontal and vertical spindles. Soft and hardwood, wet, frozen, dry or long-fibre materials. Edging, single-blade, multi-blade sawblades as well as sawblades with either one or two spindles. Circular saw benches or moulders. (square teeth): For multi-purpose application particularly suitable for wet and dry wood. TR (trapezoidal teeth)*: Recoended for cutting dry wood with minimum marking. WZ (alternative top bevel teeth): Ideal for long-fibred wood. Higher quality on the exit surface. /TR (square/trapezoidal teeth)*: Ideal for cutting synthetic materials (thermo-plastics). * An tooth shape is adapted to give the sawblade a TR or /TR tooth shape Feed speed [m/min] Recoended tooth feed rate f z (in ) The tooth feed rate depends on the cutting width; the larger the kerf the higher the possible tooth progression. V f = f z. n. Z/1000 Dry Wet Hardwood Softwood Exotic Hardwood Softwood Exotic wood wood

2 1 RPM diagram Allowable RPM Recoended RPM Sawblades with wiper teeth Areas of application Cutting height diagram For cutting solid wood with high tension (twisted fibres) and cutting heights 40. Cutting height [] Solid wood Sawblade diameter [] Cutting along grain the cutting height a e depends on the sawblade diameter D and the workpiece material. Design External and internal wiper teeth: For larger cutting heights in wet and dry wood with improved chip clearance. Internal wiper teeth: For higher accuracy in dry wood. External wiper teeth: Only for sawblades up to a diameter of D =

3 1. Sawing 1.2 Cutting along grain Thin-kerf sawblades Application area Cutting height diagram Sawmill industry (laminating strips, lumber, etc.). Solid board production (lamellos and core materials for multiple-layer panels, etc.). Parquet flooring industry (for core and surface materials, lamellos). Moulding products (mouldings, lippings, rulers, etc.). Sport industry (skis, table tennis rackets, etc.) Cutting height [] < < < Solid wood Cutting width [] Thin kerf circular sawblades Cutting height depends on the sawblade cutting width. Technical notes Advantages Recoendations: Mount thin-kerf sawblades on hydro-sleeves. Check the sawblade clamping flange diameter. Check the cutting height and the tooth progression (feed rate). Resharpen and clean resin residues regularly. Environmentally friendly use of resources. Reduced chips and dust. Optimised timber usage. More strips from workpiece with standard cuts. Single or multi-spindle multi-blade Multi-spindle machines machines without automatic feed with automatic feed Thin-kerf circular sawblades Ultra-thin circular sawblades D > Machine types Single or multi-spindle multi-blade machines without automatic feed To avoid bending the sawblade, we recoend using wide sawblades or hoggers on the motorside. Riving knives are recoended when cutting thin lamella; mounting a split machine table is necessary. 26

4 1 Multi-spindle machines with automatic feed (for horizontal and vertical cutting) The machine saw spindle should have high precision bearings for accuracy. Precise and stable feeding devices needed for bent, curved or twisted materials. Accurate adjustment of the spindle and guide needed to guarantee guiding when sawing vertically (top and bottom side spindles). For horizontal cutting, the thickness of riving knives depends on the cutting width of the sawblades. They must be aligned 100% horizontal. Position of double keyways for spiral arrangement of the circular sawblades 1/3 of the tooth pitch 2/3 of the tooth pitch 27

5 1.2.1 Circular sawblades with wiper teeth Sawblade with interior & exterior wiper teeth For cutting along grain - shoulder kerfs and square cuts Straight line edger, single-blade, multi-blade as well as single-spindle and doublespindle circular saw benches. Softwood and hardwood wet, frozen, dry and long-fibred (poplar, balsa etc.) up to 130 cutting height. With two internal and external wiper teeth (over D-280 ). Large lateral tooth overhang for cuts in wet and frozen wood. Square cut and shoulder kerf WK Machine D BO BO max. DKN FLD max. Z ZF ID 250 4,4 2, ,0 3, Raimann 300 5,0 3, / ,0 3, ,0 3, ,0 3, ,0 3, ,0 3, For cutting along grain - medium kerfs Medium kerf WK Machine D BO BO max. DKN FLD max. Z ZF ID 250 3,5 2, ,5 2, Raimann 300 3,5 2, / Raimann Costa Storti 300 3,5 2, / /89 13/ ,5 2, /89 13/ ,0 2, ,0 2, ,0 2, /89 19/ ,0 2, ,0 2, ,4 3,

6 1.2.1 Circular sawblades with wiper teeth 1 For cutting along grain - medium kerfs WZ Softwood and hardwood dry up to 15% wood moisture and long-fibred (poplar, balsa etc.) up to 110 cutting height. With two external and two or four internal (over D-350 ) wiper teeth. Medium kerf - dry WK D BO BO max. DKN Z ZF ID 250 3,2 2, ,6/83 20 WZ ,2 2, ,6/83 24 WZ ,2 2, ,6/83 28 WZ ,5 2, ,6/83 28 WZ ,0 2, ,6/83 24 WZ

7 1.2.2 Circular sawblades with large recessed teeth Square cut For triing in individual cuts, large cutting heights. Straight line edger, single-blade, multi-blade as well as single-spindle and double-spindle circular saw benches. Softwood and hardwood wet, dry up and long-fibred (poplar, balsa etc.) up to 200 cutting height. With four large recessed teeth. Sawblades with 4 large recessed teeth WK D BO BO max. FLD Z ZF ID 500 5,5 3, ,5 3, ,0 4, ,0 4,

8 1.2.3 Circular sawblades - thin kerf 1 Lamello cut For cutting thin lamello cuts on horizonal spindles. Edger, single-blade, multi-blade as well as single-spindle and double-spindle circular saw benches and moulders. Softwood and hardwood, dry up to 10 % wood moisture and 60 cutting height. With three interior wiper teeth. Efficient energy and wood utilisation from reduced cutting widths. Sawblade with interior wiper teeth WK , WK Machine D BO BO max. DKN FLD max. Z ZF ID 200 2,0 1, ,4 1, ,0 1, ,4 1, ,0 1, ,4 1, Raimann 250 2,4 1, / Torwegge Costa 250 2,4 1, / ,8 1, Raimann 300 2,8 1, / Costa 300 2,8 1, / ,0 2,

9 1.2.3 Circular sawblades - thin kerf Lamello cut For cutting thin lamello cuts on vertical spindles. Edger, single-blade, multi-blade as well as single-spindle and double-spindle circular saw benches and moulders. Softwood and hardwood dry up to 10 % wood moisture and 100 cutting height. With two exterior (D < 250 ) or two exterior and two interior wiper teeth. Efficient energy and wood utilisation from reduced cutting widths and special tool body coating. Circular sawblade with exterior and interior wiper teeth, coated WK D BO BO max. NLA FLD max. Z ZF ID 220 1,8 1, /11/ ,6 1, /10/ ,4 1, /10/ ,4 1, /10/ ,5 1, /10/ ,4 1, /10/ ,4 1, /10/ ,4 1, /10/

10 1.2.3 Circular sawblades - thin kerf 1 Lamello cut For cutting thin lamello cuts on horizonal spindles. Edger, single-blade, multi-blade as well as single-spindle and double-spindle circular saw benches and moulders. Softwood and hardwood with wood moisture of 10 % to 18 %. With curved, exterior and interior wiper teeth. Efficient energy and wood utilisation from reduced cutting widths. Curved wiper teeth for improved kerf clearance and improved chip ejection. Increased cutting performance and reduced resin build-up from special tool body coating. Sawblade with curved, interior & exterior wiper teeth WK , WK D BO DKN Z ZF ID 250 2,4 1, /83 20 WZ ,6 1, ,6 1, / ,8 1, /83 28 WZ WZ 335

11 1.2.3 Circular sawblades - thin kerf Lamello cut For cutting thin lamello cuts on horizonal spindles. Edger, single-blade, multi-blade as well as single-spindle and double-spindle circular saw benches and moulders. Softwood dry up to 10 % wood moisture and 40 cutting height. With two exterior wiper teeth. Increased cutting performance and reduced resin build-up from special tool body coating. WZ Sawblade with exterior wiper teeth WK D BO DKN 250 2,0 1, /90 19/ ,4 1, /90 19/90 FLD Z ZF ID WZ WZ

12 1.2.4 Circular Sawblades - thin kerf, noise reduced 1 Lamello cut For cutting gluable surfaces, medium kerf and lamello cuts on horizontal spindles. Single-blade, multi-blade as well as single-spindle and double-spindle circular saw benches and moulders. Softwood and hardwood, dry up to 10 % wood moisture. AS LowNoise UT design - Noise reduction by up to 5 db(a). Tool body with irregular tooth pitch. Continuous tool body without boss. Increased cutting performance and reduced resin build-up from special tool body coating. Sawblade - AS LowNoise UT WK , WK D BO DKN 250 2,4 1, /90 19/ ,4 1, /90 19/90 NLA 300 2,8 1, /90 2/13/100 4/7/95 FLD Z ZF ID WZ WZ WZ/FA WZ WZ/FA 353

13 1.2.5 Circular sawblades - extreme thin kerf Sawblade with coated tool body For cutting shoulder kerfs combined with medium kerf circular sawblades. Moulder with/without automatic feed of the workpieces. Used single- or double-sided, horizontally or vertically. Softwood and hardwood, dry up to 10 % wood moisture, grade 0 to 1. For sets assembled with thin kerf circular sawblades, medium kerf. Increased cutting performance and reduced resin build-up from special tool body coating. Shoulder cut WK D BO BO max. NLA DKN FLD Z ZF ID 180 5, /10/ , /10/ , /10/ , /10/ , /10/ , /10/ , /7/95 13/ /13/ , /7/95 13/ /13/ , /10/ Clamping sleeves TB and PH see section 8 - Adaptors WZ For sets assembled with thin kerf circular sawblades, medium kerf. Special tooth geometry for low cutting forces at low feed speeds. Increased cutting performance and reduced resin build-up from special tool body coating. Shoulder cut - reduced number of teeth WK D BO NLA FLD Z ZF ID 200 3, /10/ WZ /11/ , /10/ WZ , /10/ WZ /11/ , /11/ WZ , /11/ WZ , /10/ WZ /11/ , /10/75 3/11/ WZ

14 1.2.5 Circular sawblades - extreme thin kerf 1 For cutting strips and lamellos on horizontal and vertical spindles. Noise-reduced design from uneven number of teeth or irregular tooth pitch. Continuous tool body without boss. Increased cutting performance and reduced resin build-up from special tool body coating. Middle cut WK D BO BO max. NLA FLD Z ZF ID 180 1,5 1, /10/ ,8 1, /10/ ,3 0, /10/ ,5 1, /10/ ,8 1, /10/ ,5 1, /10/ ,8 1, /10/ ,5 1, /10/ ,2 0, /11/ ,2 0, /10/ ,2 0, /10/ ,3 0, /10/ ,3 0, /11/ ,3 0, /10/ ,3 0, /11/ ,4 1, /10/ ,4 1, /11/ ,4 1, /10/ ,4 1, /11/ ,5 1, /10/ ,6 1, /10/ ,6 1, /11/ ,8 1, /10/ ,0 1, /10/ ,5 1, /10/ ,0 1, /10/ ,7 1, /10/ ,0 1, /10/ ,7 1, /10/ ,0 1, /10/ Clamping sleeves TB and PH see section 8 - Adaptors 373

1.2.5 Circular sawblades - extreme thin kerf Scoring sawblade with coated tool body For scoring the tool leading edge of the workpiece. Moulder with/without automatic feed of the workpieces.

15 1.2.5 Circular sawblades - extreme thin kerf Scoring sawblade with coated tool body For scoring the tool leading edge of the workpiece. Moulder with/without automatic feed of the workpieces. Used single- or double-sided, horizontally or vertically. Softwood and hardwood, dry up to 10 % wood moisture, grade 0 to 1. Use only with extremely thin kerf circular sawblades. Increased cutting performance and reduced resin build-up from special tool body coating. Pre-scoring WK D BO NLA FLD Z ZF ID 180 1,0 0,8 65 3/11/ ,1 0,8 60 3/10/ ,1 0,8 65 3/11/

16 1.2.6 Circular sawblades for multi-purpose cuts 1 Shoulder and square cut For cutting along grain - shoulder kerfs and square cuts. Straight line edger, single-blade, multi-blade as well as single-spindle and double-spindle circular saw benches and table saws. Softwood and hardwood wet and dry up to 110 cutting height. Large gullet and large, lateral tooth overhang for cuts in wet wood. Stable tool body design for square cuts. Sawblade with strengthen tool body and large gullet WK D BO BO max. DKN FLD Z ZF ID 210 3,4 2, ,0 2, ,0 2, ,0 2, / ,0 2, ,4 3, ,4 3, / ,4 3, ,4 3, ,0 3, ,0 3, Middle cut For cutting along grain - medium kerfs. Straight line edger, single-blade, multi-blade as well as single-spindle and double-spindle circular saw benches and table saws. Softwood and hardwood dry up to 15 % wood moisture and up to 110 cutting height. Optimised design for medium kerfs. Large gullet. Sawblade with large gullet WK D BO BO max. DKN FLD Z ZF ID 210 3,2 2, ,2 2, ,2 2, ,2 2, / ,5 2, ,5 2, / ,5 2, ,8 2, ,0 2,

17 1.2.6 Circular sawblades for multi-purpose cuts Along grain and middle cut For cutting along grain. Circular saw benches. Softwood and hardwood dry up to 15 % wood moisture and 100 cutting height and plastomers* up to 90 cutting height. Tool body tooth shape with chip thickness limitation. Lower feed forces for high cutting heights. High cutting angle. Sawblade with chip thickness limitation WK D BO NLA FLD Z ZF ID 300 3,5 2,4 30 2/10/ ,5 2,4 30 2/10/ ,0 2,8 30 2/10/ ,0 2,8 30 2/10/ * = The tooth shape /TR is recoended for cutting plastomers. Middle cut For cutting along grain - medium kerfs. Circular saw benches. Softwood and hardwood dry up to 15 % wood moisture and 100 cutting height and plastomers* up to 80 cutting height. Tool body tooth shape with chip thickness limitation. Lower feed forces for medium cutting heights. High cutting angle. Sawblade with large hook angle WK D BO BO max. NLA FLD Z ZF ID 250 3,2 2, ,5 2,4 30 2/10/ ,5 2,4 30 2/10/ ,0 2,8 30 2/10/ ,0 2,8 30 2/10/ ,4 2, * = The tooth shape /TR is recoended for cutting plastomers. 404

Tool body design with round, closed tooth shape. Low feed forces for large cutting heights.

18 1.2.6 Circular sawblades for multi-purpose cuts 1 Along grain cut For cutting along grain. Circular saw benches. Softwood and hardwood wet and dry up to 100 cutting height. Tool body design with round, closed tooth shape. Low feed forces for large cutting heights. Sawblade with round closed tool body WK D BO BO max. FLD Z ZF ID 350 3,5 2, ,0 2,

1.2.7 Circular sawblades with cooling elements Circular sawblade with internal cooling elements For cutting along grain - shoulder kerfs and square cuts.

19 1.2.7 Circular sawblades with cooling elements Circular sawblade with internal cooling elements For cutting along grain - shoulder kerfs and square cuts. Straight line edger, single-blade, multi-blade as well as single-spindle and double-spindle circular saw benches. Softwood and hardwood wet and dry up to 90 cutting height. Tool body design with four internal cooling elements. Large lateral tooth overhang for cuts in wet wood. Shoulder and square cut WK D BO BO max. DKN FLD max. Z ZF ID 260 4,2 2, ,5/ ,2 2, ,2 2, ,6/ ,2 2, ,2 2, ,6/ For cutting along grain - medium kerfs. Softwood and hardwood dry up to 15 % wood moisture and 90 cutting height. Tool body design with four internal cooling elements. Middle cut WK D BO BO max. DKN FLD max. Z ZF ID 250 3,2 2, ,2 2, ,6/ ,2 2, ,2 2, ,6/ ,2 2, ,2 2, ,2 2, ,6/

1.2.8 Sawblades for wood materials 1 Middle cut For cutting panels along grain for flooring production. Multi-blade circular saws, models Paul, I.S.E., Becker etc.

20 1.2.8 Sawblades for wood materials 1 Middle cut For cutting panels along grain for flooring production. Multi-blade circular saws, models Paul, I.S.E., Becker etc. Coated (HPL/CPL) particle and fibre materials (MDF/HDF). Optimised tool body design for long life time. Circular sawblades BO = 115 for hydro-duo quick clamping element ID or BO = 100 for clamping flange TR Sawblade - HW tipped WK D BO DKN Z ZF ID 250 2,2 1, / ,2 2, / Middle cut For cutting panels along grain for flooring production. Multi-blade circular saws, models Paul, I.S.E., Becker etc. Coated (HPL/CPL) particle and fibre materials (MDF/HDF). Optimised tool body design for long life time. Circular sawblades BO = 115 for hydro-duo quick clamping element ID or BO = 100 for clamping flange TR tipping height. Sawblade - DP tipped WK D BO DKN Z ZF ID 250 2,2 1, ,2 2, ,2 1,6 90 8/7/ ,2 2,2 90 8/7/ ,2 1, / ,2 1, / ,2 2, / ,2 1, /7/ ,2 2, /7/ ,2 1, /7/ ,2 2, /7/

21 1.2.8 Sawblades for wood materials Square cut For cutting panels along grain for flooring production. Multi-blade circular saws, models Paul, I.S.E., Becker etc. Cutting width can be extended in 5 steps to max. 32 with extensions. Circular sawblades BO = 115 for hydro-duo quick clamping element ID tipping height. Hogger for shoulder cut D-210/220, -12, DP tipped SK exist. of D BO Z ZF ID Hogging circular sawblade 210 3, Hogging part 220 4, Extension 220 5, Cutting width extended in 5 steps up to 32 with extension parts. Hogger for shoulder cut D-250/260, -12, DP tipped SK exist. of D BO Z ZF ID Hogging circular sawblade 250 3, Hogging part 260 4, Extension 260 5, Cutting width extended in 5 steps up to 32 with extension parts. 44

1.7 Length-cutting and mitre cutting

1. Sawing 1.7 Length-cutting and mitre cutting Working process Workpiece materials Machines For splitting, mitre cutting and sizing. Spray lubrication is recoended when machining non-ferrous metal profiles.