TPC Zinc Oxide Varistors A KYOCERA GROUP COMPANY

Transcription

1 TPC Zinc Oxide Varistors A KYOCERA GROUP COMPANY

2 Contents Page Introduction Applications Selection Guide Ordering Code VE / VF Types Electrical Characteristics (VE / VF types) VN VB Taping Characteristics Packaging Quality Manufacturing Process and Quality Assurance Reliability As we are anxious that our customers should benefit from the latest developments in technology and standards, AVX reserves the right to modify the characteristics published in this brochure. TPC

3 General Metal Oxide Varistors are ceramic passive components made of zinc oxide sintered together with other metal oxide additives. They provide an excellent protective device for limiting surge voltages and absorbing energy pulses. Their very good price / performance ratio enables designers to optimize the transient protection function when designing the circuits. Varistors are Voltage Dependent Resistors whose resistance decreases drastically when voltage is increased. When connected in parallel with the equipment to protect, they divert the transients and avoid any further overvoltage on the equipment. Manufactured according to high level standards of quality and service, our Metal Oxide Varistors are widely used as protective devices in the telecommunications, industrial, automotive and consumer markets. TPC

4 Introduction ZINC OXIDE VARISTORS. PROTECTION FUNCTION APPLICATION Definition of the varistor effect The varistor effect is defined as being the property of any material whose electrical resistance changes non-linearly with the voltage applied to its terminals. In other words, within a given current range, the current-voltage relationship can be expressed by the equation: I = KV In which K represents a constant depending on the geometry of the part and the technology used and the non-linearity factor. The higher the value of this factor, the greater the effect. The ideal (and theorical) case is shown in Figure where = whereas a linear material has an equation of I = f(v) obeying the well-known Ohm s law ( = ). The relationship between these two extreme cases is shown in Figure. It should be pointed out that the I = f(v) curve is symmetrical with respect to zero in the case of zinc oxide varistors. Current 0 Current ZINC OXIDE VARISTORS = = Voltage Figure Figure Voltage -Composition of the material Zinc oxide varistors are a polycrystalline structured material consisting of semiconducting zinc oxide crystals and a second phase located at the boundaries of the crystals. This second phase consists of a certain number of metallic oxides (Bi O 3,MnO,Sb O 3, etc.). It forms the «heart»of the varistor effect since its electrical resistivity is a non-linear function of the applied voltage. Thus, a zinc oxide varistor consists of a large number of boundaries (several millions) forming a series-parallel network of resistors and capacitors, appearing somewhat like a multijunction semiconductor. Experimentally, it is found that the voltage drop (at ma) at each boundary is about 3V. The total voltage drop for the thickness of the material is proportional to the number N of boundaries. V ma 3 N where N = t L in which L represents the average dimension of a zinc oxide grain and t the thickness of the material. t In other words: V ma 3 L Thus, with a thickness of mm and average dimension of L = 0 µ, we obtain a voltage of 50 V for a current of ma. The desired voltage at ma can thus be obtained either by changing the thickness of the disc or by controlling the average dimension of the zinc oxide grain through heat treatment 0 or, yet again, by changing the chemical composition of the varistor. The polycrystal is schematically represented in Figure 3. At room temperature the semiconducting grains have very low resistivity (a fews ohms/cm). Figure 3 On the contrary, the resistivity of the second phase (or intergranular layer) basically depends on the value of the applied voltage. If the voltage value is low, the phase is insulating (region I of the I = f(v) curve). As the voltage increases this phase becomes conductive (region II). At very high current values the resistivity of the grain can become preponderant and the I = f(v) curve tends towards a linear law (region III). The curve I = f(v) for the different types can be found in corresponding data sheets. - Equivalent electrical circuit diagram Figure explains the behavior of a zinc oxide varistor. r represents the equivalent resistance of all semiconducting grains and that of the intergranular layer (the value of which basically varies with the applied voltage). Cp corresponds to the equivalent capacitance of the intergranular layers. When the applied voltage is low, the resistivity of the intergranular layer is quite high and the current passing through the ceramic is low. When the voltage increases, the resistance decreases (region II in Figure 5). When a certain voltage value is reached, becomes lower than r and the I = f(v) characteristic tends to become ohmic (region III). The equivalent capacitance due to the insulating layers depends on their chemical types and geometries. r { Zinc oxide grains Cp { grains boundaries ρ= f (V) Current >r >r r> Figure Figure 5 Voltage Values of a few hundred picofarads are usually found with commonly used discs. Capacitance value decreases with the area of the ceramic. Consequently, this value is lower when maximum permissible energy and current values in the varistor are low, since these latter parameters are related to the diameter of the disc. Capacitance values are not subject to outgoing inspection. I Intergranular phase Zinc oxide grains II III TPC 3

5 Introduction 3 - Temperature influence on the I = f(v) characteristic A typical I = f(v) curve is given in Figure 6. Different distinct regions can be observed: The first one depends on the temperature and corresponds to low applied voltages (corresponding currents are in the range of the µa). Consequently, a higher leakage current is noticeable when temperature is increasing. The second one shows less variation and corresponds to the nominal varistor voltage region (Figure 7). The temperature coefficient of the varistor voltage at ma is: 3 V/V K = and has a negative value with K < 9. - / C As the temperature coefficient decreases with increasing current density, this curve also depends on the type of the varistor. For higher voltages, the temperature has no significant influence. Practically the clamping voltages of the varistors are not affected by a temperature change. (I) A T 0 C 75 C 5 C 3 (V) - Varistor characteristics The choice of a varistor for a specific application should be guided by the following major characteristics: ) Working or operating voltage (alternating or direct). ) Leakage current at the working voltage. 3) Max. clamping voltage for a given current. ) Maximum current passing through the varistor. 5) Energy of the pulse to be dissipated in the varistor. 6) Average power to be dissipated.. - Max. operating voltage and leakage current The maximum operating voltage corresponds to the rest state of the varistor. This rest voltage offers a low leakage current in order to limit the power consumption of the protective device and not to disturb the circuit to be protected. The leakage currents usually have values in the range of a few micro-amperes. P A = AV.lp = AKVp + with P A P C = A in which: A = a constant f( a ) K = a constant (I = KVa). P C = dissipated power for a DC voltage Vp V ma V ma (%) Figure 6 Figure / C TPC The A versus curve A Figure 8 For usual values of (30 to 0), the continuously dissipated power is about 7 times greater than that dissipated by a sinusoidal signal having the same peak value. For example, a protective varistor operating at RMS voltage of 50 V has a power dissipation of a few mw.. - Non-linearity coefficient The peak current and voltage values basically depend on the I = f(v) characteristic or, to be more precise, on the value of the coefficient defined by: In which I and I are the current values corresponding to voltage values V and V. The value of depends on the technology used (chemical composition, heat synthesis, etc.). Nevertheless, the value is not constant over the entire current range (several decades). For example, Figure 9 shows the variation of this coefficient for currents ranging from 0 na to 0 A. It can be seen that passes through a maximum value and always stays at high values, even at high levels of current = Log l / l = where l = Log V / V l -6-3 log (I /I ) log (V /V ) (I) A The non-lineary of the varistor can be expressed in another way by the ratio of the voltages corresponding to current values. b = V V Where: V voltage for current I V voltage for current I The curve giving versus the value of is shown in Figure for ratios bof I /I = 3 and V = V l l V = Voltage for l V = Voltage for l l > l l = l 6 = Figure 9 Figure

6 Introduction.3 - Clamping voltage It is the maximum residual voltage Vp across the varistor terminals for a through current Ip. The voltage value gives an indication on the protective function of the varistor.. - Permissible peak current The value of the permissible peak current depends upon the varistor model and waveform (8 x 0 µs, x 00 µs, etc.). It can be seen that, as a first approximation, the permissible peak current is proportional to the area of the varistor electrodes. By way of example, Table I gives the permissible peak current values for different diameters and for one current surge of waveform 8 x 0 µs. It corresponds to a maximum permissible variation of ±% in the voltage measured at ma dc after the surges. Overloads greater than specified values may result in a change in varistor voltage by more than ±% and irreversible change in the electrical properties. In case of heavy overload, surge currents beyond the specified ratings will puncture the varistor element. In extreme cases, the varistor will burst. Operating Uncoated Voltage Disc I max. (V) (mm) (A) Table I Opposite, we have expressed energy W calculated for different pulse shapes, assuming that the value of the coefficient equals 30. a a) Voltage surge Figure b) Current surge Figure If, for example, we take a current surge as shown in Figure 9, we demonstrate that the dissipated energy is given by the approximate expression: W = Vp Ip (. t t ) -6 in which Vp is the peak voltage value and Ip the peak current value. W is expressed in joules. in µseconds. t Vp in volts. Ip in amperes. Vc V V = Vc Ic = KVc W = Ic Vc 0 t Vc V V = Vc _ t I = KV W = 3 - Ic Vc Figure Figure 0 t Permissible Number of Current Current Surges (A) (8 x 0 µs) Table II The permissible peak current also depends on the number of current surges applied to the varistor. For example, Table II gives the permissible current values based on the number of consecutive surges of the same magnitude applied on varistor model VEM005K. Thus, the smaller the number of surges, the higher the permissible current..5 - Permissible energy The notion of permissible energy relates much more to the active state of the varistor than to its rest state where the average power is the predominant notion. Indeed, except in special cases, the overvoltages occur at random and not at a high repetition frequency. Therefore, aging of the varistor will be related to energy of the transient defined by the current and peak voltage values as well as the pulse shape. V Vc Vc/ 0 I Ic 0 I Ic Ic/ 0 V = Vc exp W =.5 - Ic Vc I = Ic W = Ic Vc I = Ic exp -t. W =. Ic Vc -t. t t t Vc Ic Ic V 0 0 V = Vc sin _ t W = 0. Ic Vc Figure 3 Figure I V = Ic _ t W = 0.5 Ic Vc Figure 5 Figure 6 I 0 I = Ic sin _ t W = 0.6 Ic Vc t t t Figure 7 Figure 8 TPC 5

7 Introduction Table III gives the energies calculated according to waveform in Figure 9. Current Ip Ip/ 0 Figure 9 Table III Time Vp Ip Waveform Energy (V) (A) (µs) (J) τ τ The following changes are found when the varistor absorbs an energy greater than the maximum permissible value: Higher leakage current. Decrease in the voltage at ma. Decrease in coefficient a. If the energy increases well beyond the maximum value, the characteristics degrade to such an extent that, even at the rated voltage, the varistor has a very low resistance value. The permissible energy for a given varistor is mainly related to the size of the part. For example, Table IV gives the permissible energy for different varistors sizes with an operating voltage of 50 V. Table IV Operating Uncoated Voltage Disc Energy (V) ø (mm) (J) Table V V P (V) (mw) Average dissipated power a) Average power dissipated in the rest state Considering the high values of the coefficient a, a special attention is required concerning the dissipated power value in case of possible changes in the operating voltage. Indeed, starting with the equation: I = KVa the average power dissipated by the varistor is given by the equation: PC = KV a + when a direct current voltage is applied, and P A = AP C in the case of a sinusoidal voltage having the same peak value and direct current voltage value. 5 3 P/P0 = 50 = 30 =...3 V/V0 Figure 0 The A value as a function of was given in Figure 8. A small change of the operating voltage can induce a dissipated power variation which is all the more greater since the value of exponent is high (Figure 0). It can be seen that a % change in the rated voltage increases the dissipated power by a factor of 0 when coefficient equals 30, and by a factor of 50 when the coefficient equals 50. Table V gives the power P dissipated at values of the applied direct current voltage when the value of equals 30. b) Average power dissipated during the transient state If the transients to which the varistor is subjected are repeated at a sufficiently high frequency, there will be an increase T in the average temperature of the part given by the expression: T = P/ d in which P represents the average dissipated power which depends on the energy of the pulse and its repetition frequency and the dissipation factor in air of the unit. This temperature rise should stay below the threshold indicated by the manufacturer or it may damage the component coating resin or even cause thermal runaway of the ceramic. 6 TPC

8 Introduction 5 - Response time of zinc oxide varistors 5. - Intrinsic response time This response time corresponds to the conduction mechanisms specific to semiconductors, therefore its value is quite low and is less than one nanosecond Practical response time However, the response time will be modified for several reasons: Parasitic capacitance of the component due to the insulation of the intergranular layers. Overshoot phenomenon occurring when the varistor is subjected to a voltage with a steep leading edge (Figure ) and causing a dynamic voltage peak greater than the static voltage by a few percent. Impedance of the external circuit to the varistor. In conclusion, the practical response time of a zinc oxide varistor usually stays below 50 nanoseconds Volts Generator at 50 Ω Generator at 50 Ω + zinc oxide varistor 6 - Varistor voltage (V ma ) 6. - Nominal varistor voltage (V ma ) The nominal voltage of a varistor (or varistor voltage) is defined as the voltage drop across the varistor when a dc test current of ma is applied to the component. It is defined at a temperature of 5 C. This parameter is used as a standard to define the varistors but has no particular electrical or physical significance Tolerance on the varistor voltage The standard tolerance is ±%. Other tolerances may be defined on custom design products. To avoid any lack of understanding, different behaviors of Zn0 varistors should be noted when considering the measurement of V ma. The measurement time must not be too short to allow a break-in stabilization of the varistor and not too long so the measurement is not affected by warming the varistor. The limits of V ma for our products are given for a measurement time comprised between 0 ms and 300 ms. For times comprised between 30 ms and s, the varistor voltage will differ typically by less than %. The value of the peak varistor voltage measured with ac current will be slightly higher than the dc value. When the varistor has been submitted to unipolar stresses (pulses, dc life test,...) the voltage-current characteristic becomes asymmetrical in polarity Nanoseconds Figure TPC 7

9 Applications - Principle of application Zinc oxide varistors are essentially used as protective devices for components or items of equipment subjected to electrical interference whether accidental or otherwise. To be more specific, there are two types of interference: those which can be controlled (switching of resistive or capacitive circuits) and those which occur at random (high voltage surges change in the power supply network, etc.) The protection function is related to the non-linear I = f(v) characteristic of the varistor. This component is always connected in parallel with the assembly E to be protected (Figure B). The varistor s rest state has a very high impedance (several megohms) in relation to the component to be protected and does not change the characteristics or the electric circuit. In the presence of a transient, the varistor then has a very low impedance (a few ohms) and short circuits the component E. The rest and operating states are shown in Figure A and B. In case of a current surge of a peak value Ip, the higher the non-linear coefficient is, the lower the voltage across the terminals of the component E will be: Vp = (Ip/K) / a In case of a voltage surge Vs, the varistor limits the voltage across the terminals of component E to a value Vp via resistor Rc which can be the impedance of the source (Figure 3). Id-c or a-c E Figure A Rest state Ip E Protective state - Main applications Varistors are widely used in the different electronic equipment: telecommunication and data systems power supply units, switching equipment, answering sets,... industrial equipment control and alarm systems, proximity switches, transformers, motors, traffic lighting,... consumer electronics television and video sets, washing machines, electronic ballasts,... automotive all motor and electronic systems. Vs Rc Figure B Vp E Figure 3 8 TPC

10 Applications Three typical examples of applications are shown to illustrate the protection function of zinc oxide varistors. - Protection of relay contacts It is a well-known fact that a sudden break in an inductive circuit causes an overvoltage which can seriously damage the contacts of relay due to arcing. Overvoltages of several thousand volts can occur across the terminals of unprotected relay contacts. This disadvantage can be overcome by limiting the overvoltage due to opening an inductive circuit to a level such that it cannot generate an arc. Such limitation is achieved by wiring a zinc oxide varistor in parallel across the terminals of the relay characterized by the value of its inductance coil L and its resistor R (Figure ). Figure - Protection of a diode rectifier bridge Semiconductor components (silicon diodes, thyristors, etc.) are especially sensitive to transients and must be protected so that the overvoltage value is limited to levels which are not dangerous. An example of protection for a diode rectifier is schematically represented in Figure 5. The varistor is connected to the transformer secondary at the input of rectifier bridge. If the transformer s magnetizing current is interrupted when it reaches its maximum value, a voltage ten times greater than the normal value can then appear at the terminals of the secondary winding in the absence of a load. L R Figure 5 This overvoltage, which is excessive for the semiconductors, is limited by the presence of the varistor which absorbs the energy corresponding to the change of state of the primary circuit. The same varistor can also protect the rectifier bridge against overvoltages coming from the mains and reaching the secondary circuit via the stray capacitance of the transformer. Another practical case to be considered involves closing of the primary circuit. If the circuit is closed when the primary voltage reaches its maximum value, the secondary voltage can be two times greater than its steady-state value. Although this case is less dangerous than the preceding one, it still may cause damage to the rectifying diodes. Connection of a varistor in parallel limits this overvoltage to a value such that it does not cause any damage to the semiconductors. 3 - Opening of a resistive circuit supplied with AC current with a loadless rectifier The diagram is given in Figure 6. When the circuit supplied with AC current is opened, an overvoltage appears across the rectifier terminals: - Ldi/dt The energy stored by the inductance coil (/ L I rms) is transferred to the protective varistor wired in parallel to the inductance coil. L Figure 6 TPC 9

11 Selection Guide Maximum Operating RMS Voltage (V RMS) V RMS Maximum Operating Steady State Voltage (V DC) V DC Nominal Varistor Voltage (V ma) V ma Types Voltage range and admissible energy (J) ( surge x 00 µs) VE 07 VF VE 09 VF VE 3 VF VE 7 VF VE VF VN VB TPC

12 Ordering Code HOW TO ORDER VE09 M 0 05 K Type VE 07 VE 09 VE 3 VE 7 VE VF 05 VF 07 VF VF VF 0 VN 3 VB 3 Series M: Varistors for general applications P: Varistors for heavy duty applications Marking AC nominal voltage VE:0 Nominal voltage at ma dc VF: AC Operating Voltage (EIA coding) VE Operating Voltage at ma dc (EIA coding) VF Tolerance at ma K: ±% (J: ±5% upon request) Suffixes See on page 3. Operating voltage expressed by significant figures: st digit: 0 (zero). nd and 3rd digit: the two significant figures of the operating voltage. th digit: the number of ZEROS to be added to the operating voltage value. Examples: 75 V: V: V: 030. Operating voltage expressed by 3 significant figures: st, nd and 3rd digit: the 3 significant figures of the operating voltage. th digit: the number of ZEROS to be added to the operating voltage value. Examples: 05 V: V: 750 TPC

13 VE 07/09/3/7/ VF 05/07///0 FEATURES Radial lead varistors Wide operating voltage range from V to 65 V (V rms for VE types) or 8 V to 00 V (V ma for VF types) Available in tape and reel for use with automatic insertion equipment (see pages 3 to 33 for details). D H t 30 (.8) min E PARTICULAR CHARACTERISTICS VE Series VF Series Maximum Nominal voltage UL and CSA P/N codification using P/N codification using operating voltage at ma dc approval (D max, V rms) (d ceramic, V ma) V rms V DC V ma mini V ma nominal V ma maxi VE07M00K VF05M80K VE09M00K VF07M80K VE07M000K VF05M0K VE09M000K VF07M0K VE3M000K VFM0K VE7M000K VFM0K VE07M0070K VF05M70K VE09M0070K VF07M70K Pending VE3M0070K VFM70K Pending VE7M0070K VFM70K VE07M0000K VF05M330K VE09M0000K VF07M330K Pending VE3M0000K VFM330K Pending VE7M0000K VFM330K VE07M0050K VF05M390K VE09M0050K VF07M390K VE3M0050K VFM390K VE7M0050K VFM390K VE07M00300K VF05M70K VE09M00300K VF07M70K VE3M00300K VFM70K VE7M00300K VFM70K VE07M00350K VF05M560K VE09M00350K VF07M560K VE3M00350K VFM560K VE7M00350K VFM560K VE07M0000K VF05M680K VE09M0000K VF07M680K VE3M0000K VFM680K VE7M0000K VFM680K VE07M00500K VF05M80K VE09M00500K VF07M80K VE3M00500K VFM80K VE7M00500K VFM80K TPC

14 VE 07/09/3/7/ VF 05/07///0 DIMENSIONS millimeters (inches) D Maximum ø Type Type Ceramic coated H t +% E diameter diameter max. max (.00) ± 0.8 VE07 VF05 5 (.96) 7 (.75) (.39) 0.6 (.0) 5.08 (0.0) VE09 VF07 7 (.75) 9 (.35) (.7) 0.6 (.0) 5.08 (0.0) VE3* VF* (.393) 3* (.5) 6 (.630) see 0.8* (.03) 7.6*(0.30) VE7 VF (.55) 7 (.669) 0 (.787) table 0.8 (.03) 7.6 (0.30) VE** VF0** 0 (.787) (.95) 7 (.06) 0.8** (.03) 7.6 (0.30) * VE3 / VF: For models with V RMS 30 V other version/suffixes available with: E = 5.08 (0.0) Suffix: Ø = 0.6 (.0) Bulk: HB D =.5 (.9) max Tape: DA, DB, DC, DD, DQ,... **VE / VF0: For lead diameter =.0 (.039), please consult us. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS Storage temperature: -0 C to +5 C Max. operating temperature: +85 C Response time: < 5 ns Voltage coefficient temp.: K < 0.09%/ C Voltage proof: 500 V Epoxy coating: Flame retardant UL9-VO MARKING Type AC nominal voltage (EIA coding) for VE types V ma varistor voltage (EIA coding) for VF types Logo UL logo (when approved) Lot number (VE3/7/ and VF//0 only) Max. clamping Max. energy absorption Max. permissible Typical Mean Maximum V/I Derating voltage (8 x 0 µs) ( x 00 µs) peak current capacitance power thickness characteristic curves W (J) (8 x 0 µs) f = khz dissipation t Vp (V) Ip (A) Number of surges Ip (A) surge surges pf W mm (inches) Page Page (.) (.) (.69) (.69) (.6) (.6) (.69) (.69) (.5) (.5) (.77) (.77) (.) (.) (.73) (.73) (.50) (.50) (.73) (.73) (.5) (.5) (.85) (.85) (.6) (.6) (.93) (.93) (.38) (.38) (.6) (.6) 3 7 TPC 3

15 VE 07/09/3/7/ VF 05/07///0 VE Series VF Series Maximum Nominal voltage UL and CSA P/N codification using P/N codification using operating voltage at ma dc approval (D max, V rms) (d ceramic, V ma) V rms V DC V ma mini V ma nominal V ma maxi VE07M00600K VF05MK VE09M00600K VF07MK VE3M00600K VFMK VE7M00600K VFMK VE07M00750K VF05MK VE09M00750K VF07MK VE3M00750K VFMK VE7M00750K VFMK VEM00750K VF0MK VE07M00950K VF05M5K VE09M00950K VF07M5K VE3M00950K VFM5K VE7M00950K VFM5K VEM00950K VF0M5K VE07M050K VF05M8K VE09M050K VF07M8K VE3M050K VFM8K VE7M050K VFM8K VEM050K VF0M8K VE07M003K VF05M50K VE09M003K VF07M50K VE3M003K VFM50K VE7M003K VFM50K VEM003K VF0M50K VE07M00K VF05MK VE09M00K VF07MK VE3M00K VFMK VE7M00K VFMK VEM00K VF0MK VE07M005K VF05MK VE09M005K VF07MK VE3M005K VFMK VE7M005K VFMK VEM005K VF0MK VE07M0750K VF05M7K VE09M0750K VF07M7K VE3M0750K VFM7K VE7M0750K VFM7K VEM0750K VF0M7K VE07M00K VF05M33K VE09M00K VF07M33K VE3M00K VFM33K VE7M00K VFM33K VEM00K VF0M33K VE07M003K VF05M36K VE09M003K VF07M36K VE3M003K VFM36K VE7M003K VFM36K VEM003K VF0M36K TPC

16 VE 07/09/3/7/ VF 05/07///0 Max. clamping Max. energy absorption Max. permissible Typical Mean Maximum V/I Derating voltage (8 x 0 µs) ( x 00 µs) peak current capacitance power thickness characteristic curves W (J) (8 x 0 µs) f = khz dissipation t Vp (V) Ip (A) Number of surges Ip (A) surge surges pf W mm (inches) Page Page (.50) (.50) (.77) (.77) (.57) (.57) (.73) (.73) (.89) (.73) (.73) (.97) (.97) (.3) (.77) (.77) (.0) (.0) (.7) (.6) (.6) (.85) (.85) (.0) (.65) (.65) (.89) (.89) (.05) (.69) (.69) (.93) (.93) (.09) (.77) (.77) (.0) (.0) (.7) (.93) (.93) (.7) (.7) (.3) (.0) (.0) (.) (.) (.0) 3 8 TPC 5

17 VE 07/09/3/7/ VF 05/07///0 VE Series VF Series Maximum Nominal voltage UL and CSA P/N codification using P/N codification using operating voltage at ma dc approval (D max, V rms) (d ceramic, V ma) V rms V DC V ma mini V ma nominal V ma maxi VE07M005K VF05M39K VE09M005K VF07M39K VE3M005K VFM39K VE7M005K VFM39K VEM005K VF0M39K VE07M0750K VF05M3K VE09M0750K VF07M3K VE3M0750K VFM3K VE7M0750K VFM3K VEM0750K VF0M3K VE07M0030K VF05M7K VE09M0030K VF07M7K VE3M0030K VFM7K VE7M0030K VFM7K VEM0030K VF0M7K VE09M003K VF07M5K VE3M003K VFM5K VE7M003K VFM5K VEM003K VF0M5K VE09M0035K VF07M56K VE3M0035K VFM56K VE7M0035K VFM56K VEM0035K VF0M56K VE09M03850K VF07M6K VE3M03850K VFM6K VE7M03850K VFM6K VEM03850K VF0M6K VE09M00K VF07M68K VE3M00K VFM68K VE7M00K VFM68K VEM00K VF0M68K VE3M00K VFM750K VE7M00K VFM750K VEM00K VF0M750K VE3M006K VFM75K VE7M006K VFM75K VEM006K VF0M75K VE3M005K VFM8K VE7M005K VFM8K VEM005K VF0M8K VE3M0055K VFM86K VE7M0055K VFM86K VEM0055K VF0M86K VE3M05750K VFM9K VE7M05750K VFM9K VEM05750K VF0M9K VE3M0650K VFMK VE7M0650K VFMK VEM0650K VF0MK 6 TPC

18 VE 07/09/3/7/ VF 05/07///0 Max. clamping Max. energy absorption Max. permissible Typical Mean Maximum V/I Derating voltage (8 x 0 µs) ( x 00 µs) peak current capacitance power thickness characteristic curves W (J) (8 x 0 µs) f = khz dissipation t Vp (V) Ip (A) Number of surges Ip (A) surge surges pf W mm (inches) Page Page (.3) (.3) (.3) (.3) (.8) (.) (.) (.8) (.8) (.6) (.36) (.36) (.60) (.60) (.76) (.5) (.76) (.76) (.76) (.60) (.87) (.87) (.307) (.76) (.303) (.303) (.39) (.9) (.33) (.33) (.339) (.33) (.33) (.36) (.335) (.335) (.35) (.35) (.35) (.370) (.366) (.366) (.38) (.38) (.38) (.398) (.3) (.3) (.33) 3 8 TPC 7

19 VE/VF Types for Heavy Duty Applications ( P Series ) FEATURES P Series are especially dedicated to heavy duty applications encountered in the AC power network. Higher surge current and energy ratings provide an improved protection and a better reliability Radial lead varistors Operating voltage range from 30 V to 65 V (V rms for VE types) or 05 V to 00 V (V ma for VF types) Available in tape and reel for use with automatic insertion equipment (see pages 3 to 33 for details). 30 (.8) min D H t E PARTICULAR CHARACTERISTICS VE Series VF Series Maximum Nominal voltage P/N codification using P/N codification using operating voltage at ma dc (D max, V rms) (d ceramic, V ma) V rms V DC V ma mini V ma nominal V ma maxi VE07P003K VF05P50K VE09P003K VF07P50K VE3P003K VFP50K VE7P003K VFP50K VEP003K VF0P50K VE07P00K VF05PK VE09P00K VF07PK VE3P00K VFPK VE7P00K VFPK VEP00K VF0PK VE07P005K VF05PK VE09P005K VF07PK VE3P005K VFPK VE7P005K VFPK VEP005K VF0PK VE07P0750K VF05P7K VE09P0750K VF07P7K VE3P0750K VFP7K VE7P0750K VFP7K VEP0750K VF0P7K VE07P00K VF05P33K VE09P00K VF07P33K VE3P00K VFP33K VE7P00K VFP33K VEP00K VF0P33K VE07P003K VF05P36K VE09P003K VF07P36K VE3P003K VFP36K VE7P003K VFP36K VEP003K VF0P36K 8 TPC

20 VE/VF Types for Heavy Duty Applications ( P Series ) DIMENSIONS millimeters (inches) D Maximum ø Type Type Ceramic coated H t +% E diameter diameter max. max (.00) ± 0.8 VE07 VF05 5 (.96) 7 (.75) (.39) 0.6 (.0) 5.08 (0.0) VE09 VF07 7 (.75) 9 (.35) (.7) 0.6 (.0) 5.08 (0.0) VE3* VF* (.393) 3* (.5) 6 (.630) see 0.8* (.03) 7.6*(0.30) VE7 VF (.55) 7 (.669) 0 (.787) table 0.8 (.03) 7.6 (0.30) VE** VF0** 0 (.787) (.95) 7 (.06) 0.8** (.03) 7.6 (0.30) * VE3 / VF: For models with V RMS 30 V other version/suffixes available with: E = 5.08 (0.0) Suffix: Ø = 0.6 (.0) Bulk: HB D =.5 (.9) max Tape: DA, DB, DC, DD, DQ,... **VE / VF0: For lead diameter =.0 (.039), please consult us. GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS Storage temperature: -0 C to +5 C Max. operating temperature: +85 C Response time: < 5 ns Voltage coefficient temp.: K < 0.09%/ C Voltage proof: 500 V Epoxy coating: Flame retardant UL9-VO MARKING Type AC nominal voltage (EIA coding) for VE types V ma varistor voltage (EIA coding) for VF types Logo UL logo (when approved) Lot number (VE3/7/ and VF//0 only) Max. clamping Max. energy absorption Max. permissible Typical Mean Maximum V/I Derating voltage (8 x 0 µs) ( x 00 µs) peak current capacitance power thickness characteristic curves W (J) (8 x 0 µs) f = khz dissipation t Vp (V) Ip (A) Number of surges Ip (A) surge surge surges pf W mm (inches) Page Page (.6) (.6) (.85) (.85) (.0) (.65) (.65) (.89) ` (.89) (.05) (.69) (.69) (.93) (.93) (.09) (.77) (.77) (.0) (.0) (.7) (.93) (.93) (.7) (.7) (.3) (.0) (.0) (.) (.) (.0) 35 8 TPC 9

21 VE/VF Types for Heavy Duty Applications ( P Series ) VE Series VF Series Maximum Nominal voltage P/N codification using P/N codification using operating voltage at ma dc (D max, V rms) (d ceramic, V ma) V rms V DC V ma mini V ma nominal V ma maxi VE07P005K VF05P39K VE09P005K VF07P39K VE3P005K VFP39K VE7P005K VFP39K VEP005K VF0P39K VE07P0750K VF05P3K VE09P0750K VF07P3K VE3P0750K VFP3K VE7P0750K VFP3K VEP0750K VF0P3K VE07P0030K VF05P7K VE09P0030K VF07P7K VE3P0030K VFP7K VE7P0030K VFP7K VEP0030K VF0P7K VE09P003K VF07P5K VE3P003K VFP5K VE7P003K VFP5K VEP003K VF0P5K VE09P0035K VF07P56K VE3P0035K VFP56K VE7P0035K VFP56K VEP0035K VF0P56K VE09P03850K VF07P6K VE3P03850K VFP6K VE7P03850K VFP6K VEP03850K VF0P6K VE09P00K VF07P68K VE3P00K VFP68K VE7P00K VFP68K VEP00K VF0P68K VE3P00K VFP750K VE7P00K VFP750K VEP00K VF0P750K VE3P006K VFP75K VE7P006K VFP75K VEP006K VF0P75K VE3P005K VFP8K VE7P005K VFP8K VEP005K VF0P8K VE3P0055K VFP86K VE7P0055K VFP86K VEP0055K VF0P86K VE3P05750K VFP9K VE7P05750K VFP9K VEP05750K VF0P9K VE3P0650K VFPK VE7P0650K VFPK VEP0650K VF0PK 0 TPC

22 VE/VF Types for Heavy Duty Applications ( P Series ) Max. clamping Max. energy absorption Max. permissible Typical Mean Maximum V/I Derating voltage (8 x 0 µs) ( x 00 µs) peak current capacitance power thickness characteristic curves W (J) (8 x 0 µs) f = khz dissipation t Vp (V) Ip (A) Number of surges Ip (A) surge surge surges pf W mm (inches) Page Page (.3) (.3) (.3) (.3) (.8) (.) (.) (.8) (.8) (.6) (.36) (.36) (.60) (.60) (.76) (.5) (.76) (.76) (.95) (.60) (.87) (.87) (.307) (.76) (.303) (.303) (.39) (.9) (.33) (.33) (.339) (.33) (.33) (.36) (.335) (.335) (.35) (.35) (.35) (.370) (.366) (.366) (.38) (.38) (.38) (.398) (.3) (.3) (.33) 35 8 TPC

23 Electrical Characteristics VE / VF Types VOLTAGE-CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS I/V characteristics give: - for I below ma the maximum leakage current under V dc - for I above ma the maximum clamping voltage U(V) VE 07/VF I(A) U(V) U(V) VE 3/VF VE 09/VF I(A) I(A) TPC

24 Electrical Characteristics VE / VF Types VOLTAGE-CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS U(V) VE7M/VFM I(A) U(V) VEM/VF0M I(A) TPC 3

25 Electrical Characteristics VE / VF Types MAXIMUM SURGE CURRENT (Ip) DERATING CURVES WITH PULSE WIDTH () AND FREQUENCY Ip (A) VE07M/VF05M 0V RMS Ip (A) VE07M/VF05M > 0V RMS (µs) (µs) Ip (A) 000 VE07P/VF05P 30V RMS TPC (µs) 000

26 Electrical Characteristics VE / VF Types MAXIMUM SURGE CURRENT (Ip) DERATING CURVES WITH PULSE WIDTH () AND FREQUENCY Ip (A) VE09M/VF07M 0V RMS Ip (A) VE09M/VF07M > 0V RMS (µs) (µs) Ip (A) 000 VE09P/VF07P 30V RMS (µs) TPC 5

27 Electrical Characteristics VE / VF Types MAXIMUM SURGE CURRENT (Ip) DERATING CURVES WITH PULSE WIDTH () AND FREQUENCY Ip (A) VE3M/VFM 0V RMS Ip (A) VE3M/VFM >0V RMS (µs) (µs) Ip (A) 000 VE3P/VFP 30V RMS (µs) TPC

28 Electrical Characteristics VE / VF Types MAXIMUM SURGE CURRENT (Ip) DERATING CURVES WITH PULSE WIDTH () AND FREQUENCY Ip.000 (A) VE7M/VFM 0V RMS Ip (A) VE7M/VFM > 0 V RMS (µs) (µs) Ip (A) 000 VE7P/VFP 30V RMS 30V RMS (µs) 000 TPC 7

29 Electrical Characteristics VE / VF Types MAXIMUM SURGE CURRENT (Ip) DERATING CURVES WITH PULSE WIDTH () AND FREQUENCY Ip (A) VEM/VF0M >75 VRMS (µs) Ip (A) 000 VEP/VF0P 30V RMS 30V RMS (µs) TPC

30 VN 3 Uncoated Discs d D HOW TO ORDER VN3 Type M Material 0 06 RMS Operating Voltage PARTICULAR CHARACTERISTICS t GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS Max. operating temperature: +85 C Storage temperature: -0 C to +5 C Ceramic discs with silver layer on each face MARKING On packaging only REMARK Discs of mm and 0 mm available upon request Max. operating Nominal voltage Clamping voltage Energy Max. peak current voltage at ma DC Vp(V) surge with insulating coating Type ( x 00 µs) (8 x 0 µs) V RMS V DC V R W lp (ka) (V) (V) (V) at.5 ka at.5 ka (J) pulse pulses VN3M005K VN3M0750K VN3M003K VN3M0038K VN3M00K VN3M006K VN3M005K VN3M00750K VOLTAGE-CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS K Tolerance Suffix DIMENSIONS: millimeters (inches) Type D d t ±.5 ± max. VN3M005K- - 3 (.6) 8 (.).8 (.) VN3M0750K- - 3 (.6) 8 (.) 3. (.) VN3M003K- - 3 (.6) 8 (.) 3.7 (.6) VN3M0038K- - 3 (.6) 8 (.). (.73) VN3M00K- - 3 (.6) 8 (.).9 (.93) VN3M006K- - 3 (.6) 8 (.) 5.5 (.7) VN3M005K- - 3 (.6) 8 (.) 6.0 (.36) VN3M00750K- - 3 (.6) 8 (.) 6.6 (.60) U (v),000 5, I (A) 0,000,000 TPC 9

31 ~ Zinc Oxide Varistors VB 3 Blocks DIMENSIONS millimeters (inches) (.97) GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS Max. operating temperature: +85 C Storage temperature: -0 C to +85 C 5 (.3) (.73) (.95) 5 (.97) o 5. (.0) 0 (.787) 0 (.787) (.73) 0 (.57) MOUNTING Ø 5 mm holes for screwing 500 mm long, 6 mm insulated copper cables PACKAGING Bulk or three units per box (one for each phase) HOW TO ORDER VB3 Type M Material 0 0 RMS Operating Voltage K Tolerance Suffix MARKING Type AC nominal voltage (EIA code) Logo PARTICULAR CHARACTERISTICS Max. operating Nominal voltage Clamping voltage Energy Max. peak current voltage at ma DC at.5 ka surge with insulating coating Type ( x 00 µs) (8 x 0 µs) V RMS V DC V R Vp W lp (ka) (V) (V) (V) (V) (J) pulse pulses VB3M005K VB3M0750K VB3M003K VB3M0038K VB3M00K VB3M006K VB3M005K VB3M00750K VOLTAGE-CURRENT CHARACTERISTICS U (v),000 5, I (A) 0,000, TPC

32 Taping Characteristics TAPING OF OUR VARISTORS IS MADE ACCORDING TO IEC 86- Types: VE07/09 - VF05/07 h h P Reference plane p p Marking on this side H W P A B E H0 W W0 W H H Adhesive tape I D0 P0 d Cross section A - B Direction of unreeling t E Types: VE3/7 - VF/ h h P Reference plane p p Marking on this side H W A B E H0 W W0 W H H Adhesive tape I D0 P0 d P Cross section A - B Direction of unreeling t E DIMENSIONS: millimeters (inches) Dimension Characteristics Value Tolerance Leading tape width 8 (.709) +/-0.5 W The hold down tape shall Adhesive tape width not protrude beyond the W 0 carrier tape Sprocket hole position 9 (.35) +0.75/-0.5 W Distance between the tops of the tape and the adhesive 3 (.8) max W Diameter of sprocket hole (.57) ±0. D 0 Distance between the tape axis and the bottom plane of 6/ (.630)/ ±0.5/ H component body or 8 (.709) -0/+ Distance between the tape axis 6/ (.630)/ ±0.5/ and the kink or 8 (.709) -0/+ H 0 Distance between the tape axis and the top of component body VE 07/09 - VF 05/ (.30) max H VE 3/7 - VF / 5.0 (.77) max Lead diameter % (.0) (.03) d Protrusions beyond the lower side of the hold down tape Lead spacing Components pitch 5 (.97) max I (0.0) (0.30) ±0.8 E.7 5. (0.50) (0.) ±0.3 p DIMENSIONS: millimeters (inches) Dimension Characteristics Value Tolerance Sprocket holes pitch.7 (0.50) ±0.3 P 0 Distance between the sprocket hole axe and the lead axe 3.8 (.50) ±0.7 P Total thickness of tape 0.9 (.035) max t Verticality of components 0 ± p Alignment of components 0 ± h TPC 3

33 Taping Characteristics PACKAGING For automatic insertion, the following types can be ordered on tape either in AMMOPACK (fan folder) or on REEL in accordance to IEC 86-. AMMOPACK millimeters (inches) MISSING COMPONENTS A maximum of 3 consecutive components may be missing from the bandolier, surrounded by at least 6 filled positions. The number of missing components may not exceed 0.5% of the total per packing module. REEL millimeters (inches) 95 (.6) 50 (.97) 335 (3.) 3 (.) 360 (.) 5 (.05) LEADS CONFIGURATION AND PACKAGING SUFFIXES The tables below indicate the suffixes to be specified when ordering kink and packaging types. For devices on tape, it is necessary to specify the height (H or Ho) which is the distance between the tape axis (sprocket holes) and the sitting plane on the printed circuit board. Straight leads H represents the distance between the sprocket holes axis and the bottom plane of component body (base of resin or base of stand off). Kinked leads Ho represents the distance between the sprocket holes axis and the base of the knee. Types VE 07/09 - VF 05/07 (VE3 - VF 30 V rms upon request) Leads Straight Kinked (type ) Kinked (type ) Dimensions 0.6 (.0) 0.6 (.0) 0.6 (.0) 5.08 (0.) 5.08 (0.) 5.08 (0.) Packaging AMMOPACK REEL AMMOPACK REEL AMMOPACK REEL H/Ho = 6 ± 0.5 DA(*) DB(*) DQ(**) DR(**) D7(**) D5(**) H/Ho = 8-0/+ DC(**) DD(**) DS DT D8 D6 Types VE 3/7 - VF / Leads Straight Kinked (type ) Kinked (type ) Dimensions 0.8 (.03) 0.8 (.03) 0.8 (.03) 7.6 (0.3) 7.6 (0.3) Packaging AMMOPACK REEL AMMOPACK REEL AMMOPACK REEL H/Ho = 6 ± 0.5 EA(*) EN(*) EC(**) EF(**) EQ(**) ER(**) H/Ho = 8-0/+ EB(**) ED(**) EG EH ES ET 3 TPC 7.6 (0.3) (*) DA, DB, EA, EN suffixes are not available for varistors with VRMS 300V and available only upon request for other types. (**) Preferred versions according to IEC 86-

34 > 300 VRMS Zinc Oxide Varistors Packaging PACKAGING QUANTITIES Type Bulk AMMOPACK REEL VE07 - VF05 all VE09 - VF07 < 30 V VE09 - VF07 30 V V RMS 300 V VE09 - VF07 > 300 V RMS VE3 - VF 30 V RMS V VE3 - VF RMS { > V RMS VE3 - VF > 300 V RMS 500 VE7 - VF 30 V RMS VE7 - VF 30 V RMS V RMS VE7 - VF { > > 300 V 500 RMS VE - VF0 50 IDENTIFICATION - TRACEABILITY On the packaging of all shipped varistors, you will find a bar code label. This label gives systematic information on the type of product, part number, lot number, manufacturing date and quantity. An example is given below: Lot number Manufacturing date (YYMMDD) Quantity per packaging Part number This information allows complete traceability of the entire manufacturing process, from raw materials to final inspection. This is extremely useful for any information request. TPC 33