Electronics & Computer Systems. ATASA 5 th. Please Read The Summary. ATASA 5 TH Study Guide Chapter 22 Pages Electronics & Computer Systems

Transcription

1 ATASA 5 TH Study Guide Chapter 22 Pages Points Please Read The Summary

2 1. Electronics is the technology of electricity and all of the basic laws of electricity also apply to all electronic controls. (Ohm s Law!) (opens, shorts, high resistances) Controlling Manufacturing Eliminating

3 2. A is used to quickly store (charge) & release (discharge) electrical energy. Diode Capacitor Transistor

4 3. The ability of a capacitor to store energy is called and the standard of measure for capacitance is the farad (F). A 1 farad capacitor can store 1 coulomb of charge at 1 volt. Capacitance Frequency Wattage

5 4. Capacitors oppose a change in and are used as noise reduction units in circuits. Amperage Wattage Voltage

6 5. Ultra capacitors or super capacitors are used in vehicles to store & release energy. Hybrid Diesel Off Road

7 6. are materials with exactly 4 electrons in their valence rings. They can function as either conductors or as insulators and are used to build solid state devices. Semi Conductors Semi Trailers Semi Contractors

8 7. Common semiconductor materials are (Si) and (Ge). Silicone & Geranium Sand & Chromium Silicon & Germanium

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10 8. Semi conductors carry current without losing electrons through the concept of. The holes in a P type material, being positively charged, attract electrons causing movement. Hole Flow Whole Flow Shoal Flow

11 9. The is the simplest semiconductor device. It is a one way valve for electron flow. Diode Transistor Capacitor

12 10. The diode contains a junction. A diode conducting is said to be biased and will typically have a voltage drop of.4 to.7 volts. (Silicon or Germanium) AM, Forward FM, Forward PN, Forward

13 11. A diode that is blocking or not allowing flow is said to be biased and reads OL when checked with the diode test mode of a DMM. (think of bias as meaning condition ) Forward Neutral Reverse

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15 12. Diodes turn on (conduct) when the (direction) of the current flow is correct and turn off (block flow) or (OL) when the polarity is incorrect. anode (+) & cathode ( ) Polarity Capacitance Resistance

16 13. Diodes are popular in systems where they are used to rectify AC to DC. Starting Charging Ignition

17 14. diodes allow reverse polarity flow with out damage after their threshold or zener voltage is reached. They are used often in charging system voltage regulators. (14.2 zener voltage) Liner Zener Tweener

18 15. diodes are connected in parallel across coils of wire to prevent damage from induced voltage spikes returning to the PCM and other electronic components as the coils shut off. Zener Augmented Clamping

19 16. When a (LED) is forward biased, it lights up with a higher voltage drop than a regular silicon diode. Light Emitting Diode Lamp Emulating Diode Lose Emitting Diode

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21 17. A is a semiconductor switch controlled by conditions. It switches a circuit on or off from the signal of another circuit. Transistors can be thought of as solid state relays. Transistor Transformer Diode

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23 18. A transistor is like two diodes assembled back to back to form either a or an type. PNP or NPN TNT or NTN ABC or XYZ

24 19. The names of the 3 legs of a transistor are: E) B) C) Emitter, Base, Collector Exciter, Base, Conductor Emitter, Race, Contractor

25 20. A voltage (ground) must be applied to the base of a PNP transistor to turn it on. Positive Negative Neutral

26 21. A voltage (hot) must be applied to the base of an NPN transistor to turn it on. Transistors operate with a forward bias voltage drop and current gain factor. (ask the teacher) Positive Negative Neutral

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28 22. An (IC or chip) is a large # of diodes, transistors, resistors, capacitors, mounted to a semiconductor material used to make logic decisions & commands. Integrated Circuit Intimidated Circuit Insulating Circuit

29 23. A (ECM or module) is an electronic device that stores & processes data. Commuter Commutator Computer

30 24. A is a small version of a computer. (PCM or any ECU/CPU) Tower Microprocessor Intel Chip

31 25. 1) 2) 3) 4) are the four basic functions or operations of a computer. (Sensors > PROM > RAM > Actuators) Input, Processing, Storage, Output Input, Processing, Sampling, Output Input, Professing, Storage, Output

32 26. The PCM (CPU) receives sensor input signals that it checks against values. Programmed Solid Fluctuating

33 27. are used as inputs for operations that only require a yes no or an on off condition. Park Neutral Position Switch Switches Sensors Actuators Smart Key 4 Wheel Drive Switch Brake Pedal Position Switch

34 28. means that the data concerning the effects of the PCM s output commands are fed back to the computer as an input signal. A good example of this is the HO2S or Relay 87a signal. Even in nature, Everything influences Everything else Feedback is everywhere! Feed Bag Feedback Feed Rate

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36 Multi Drop Topology with Feedback

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38 Blue = Modules on the CAN Bus Purple = DLC Yellow = Engine Green = Outputs or Actuators Red = Sensors or Inputs Orange = MIL

39 Engine Management Quiz Blue = Purple = Yellow = Green = Red = Orange =

40 SIR HVAC BCM EBCM ECM TCM HO2S TPS ECT MAF CKP Engine A/F Ignition Emission Control IAT Inputs Outputs

41 29. All perform the same basic function. They a mechanical condition, (movement or position) a chemical state, or a temperature condition and change it (transducer) into an electrical signal that can be used by the computer to make decisions. Sensors, Detect Actuators, Detect Motors, Detect

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43 30. All sensors fall under one of two operating categories: voltage sensors or variable resistance sensors (also known as passive sensors) passive devices like thermistors (IAT & ECT), piezoresistive (MAP), potentiometers (TPS), & A/F voltage sensors (also known as active sensors) active devices like magnetic pulse generators (VSS & CKP), Halleffect switches (RPM), Zirconium Dioxide (HO 2 S), piezoelectric (KS) Reference & Generating Reference & Alternating Reference & Detecting

44 31. Voltage does not flow through a conductor, flows while voltage pushes it. Wattage Amperage or Current Resistance

45 32. Voltage is used as a signal by changing its, or switching polarity Input, Output Levels, Frequency Levels, Capacitance

46 33. voltage signals are infinitely variable. Like an ECT which varies within a given range. Digital Analog Clockwise

47 34. voltage signals are in one of either 3 states: on off, yes no, or high low. This is like a Hall effect or PNP switch square waved pattern because of the abrupt changes in the signal Digital Analog Clockwise

48 35. Since computers can only read digital signals, analog signals must go though an analog/digital (A/D) converter in order to be used or properly understood by the computer. Binary Decimal Base Ten

49 35. Since computers can only read digital signals, analog signals must go though an analog/digital (A/D) converter in order to be used or properly understood by the computer. Binary Decimal Base Ten

50 36. A computer has a crystal oscillator or that vibrates at a fixed rate and delivers a constant time pulse. The clock maintains an orderly flow of timed information in the computer. Clock Ticker Capacitor

51 37. Communication rate, expressed in bits per second processed is called. Stock Rate Speed Rate Baud Rate

52 A UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) is a component that transmits chunks of data (typically character size, i.e. 7 or 8 bits) onto a serial communication line. Almost every microcontroller features at least one UART component, that can be configured to various transmission (baud) rates and data formats.

53 38. Permanent information is stored in. (ROM) Random Access Memories Read Only Memories Keep Alive Memories

54 39. are sets of instructions in the ROM for every possible condition the computer may detect. Look up Tables Book of Dreams My Times Tables

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57 40. Temporary information (DTC s) is stored in. (RAM) Random Access Memories Read Only Memories Keep Alive Memories

58 41. KAM = NVRAM = RAM Keep Alive Memories, Non Volatile Random Access Memories Keep Energized Memories, Non Valence RAM Keep Pushin On Memories, Non violent RAM

59 42. PROM = ROM EPROM = PROM Programmable Read Only Memories & Erasable PROM Progressive Read Only Memories & Electric PROM Proactive Read Only Memories & Enabling PROM

60 43. (outputs) may be solenoids, switches, relays, or motors controlled by the PCM and turned on & off by an output driver, which is a transistor on the ground side of an actuator. Actuators Sensors Memories

61 44. measures a percentage of circuit on time. is the measurement of the exact amount of time something is turned on, expressed in milliseconds. Duty Cycle, Pulse Width Pulse Width, Duty Cycle Baud Rate, Timer Pulse

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64 45. The PCM has volt input, but the reference voltage for sensors is often dropped to volts. 12, 5 12, 9 12, 3

65 46. Control modules function in awake mode, but may enter a mode to save power. Creep Sleep Snooze

66 47. OBD II offers a standardized in a specific location and a standard list of. DLC, DTC s EGR, DTC s PCV, DTC s

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68 48. technology eliminates the mechanical connection from inputs to the PCM and from the PCM to outputs. Examples are drive by wire, shift by wire, brake by wire, parking brake by wire, etc. Hy Wire By Wire Bi Wire

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71 49., also called in vehicle networking provides efficient communications between modules in various vehicle systems. Multi tasking Multiplexing Multiplying

72 50. A multiplex wiring system uses a that connects different computers or control modules together. Sharing data saves money on redundant sensors & wiring. Cereal Data Box Serial Data Bus Remodeled School Bus

73 51. Data is sent in digital binary code with each individual signal preceded by an code that establishes its priority. Each module processes only one input signal at a time. Licensing Identification Government

74 52. rates on the network are between 10,000 and 1, 000,000 bits per second. (bps) Protocol Identification Communication

75 53. The serial data bus is typically 2 wires, a ground and a transmission wire in a pair. Twisted Resistive Frequency

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77 54. A is the name for the language that computers speak when they are conversing. Kodachrome Propane Protocol

78 55. Class A is speed CAN for convenience systems and use a generic UART. (U DTC s) High Medium Low

79 56. Class B is speed CAN for instrument cluster & emissions data recording. High Medium Low

80 57. Class C is speed CAN for real time control of the Powertrain and vehicle dynamics. High Medium Low

81 58. The total network in most vehicles is composed of 2 or 3. LS, MS, & HS CAN CAN Buses Can of Worms Can Do Attitude

82 59. The networks are integrated & translated through the use of a module. (BCM) Gateway Highway Freeway

83 60. Each twisted wire in the CAN bus carries a different. Voltage Resistance Capacitance

84 61. To eliminate voltage spikes and CAN system noise, two ohm resistors are connected in parallel across the ends of the main CAN bus wires. These are called Terminating Resistors. 12 Ohm 120 Ohm 1200 Ohm

85 62. Electrical & electronic vehicle systems must be properly handled & protected by the technician to prevent causing more problems than the vehicle came into the shop with! Avoid jump starting if at all possible. Remove the jumper cables before operating electrical devices. Do not connect or disconnect electrical components with the ignition key switched on. Avoid touching bare metal contacts since skin oils can cause corrosion & poor electrical contact. Do not expose electronic circuits to static electricity. This can generate more than 25,000 volts! Do not short sensors with a jumper wire unless told to do so in manufacturers service publications. Sensor wiring should never be rerouted! Inductive voltages from other devices can send false signals. Incorrect testing procedures can cause short circuits which will instantly destroy modules. Remove any module that could be affected by welding, hammering, grinding, or metal straightening. Follow scan tool sequences for connecting & disconnecting carefully power down & exit carefully! The charging system is critical to proper electronic engine control operation. 15 volts will kill a PCM. DMM s used to test electronic circuitry must be high impedance. 10,000,000 internal ohms! When probing electrical connectors, use back probing to avoid damage done to insulation by wire piercing. If you must front probe electrical connectors, do not force so far into the female side to cause an open circuit.

86 Avoid jump starting if at all possible. Remove the jumper cables before operating electrical devices. Do not connect or disconnect electrical components with the ignition key switched on. Avoid touching bare metal contacts since skin oils can cause corrosion & poor electrical contact. Do not expose electronic circuits to static electricity. This can generate more than 25,000 volts! Do not short sensors with a jumper wire unless told to do so in manufacturers service publications. Sensor wiring should never be rerouted! Inductive voltages from other devices can send false signals. Incorrect testing procedures can cause short circuits which will instantly destroy modules. Remove any module that could be affected by welding, hammering, grinding, or metal straightening. Follow scan tool sequences for connecting & disconnecting carefully power down & exit carefully! The charging system is critical to proper electronic engine control operation. 15 volts will kill a PCM. DMM s used to test electronic circuitry must be high impedance. 10,000,000 internal ohms! When probing electrical connectors, use back probing to avoid damage done to insulation by wire piercing. If you must front probe electrical connectors, do not force so far into the female side to cause an open circuit.

87 63. types of DTCs are used by the CAN bus: loss of communication, signal error, & internal error

88 64. If bus wire needs to be repaired, it must not be or. Twisted pair cables were invented by Alexander Graham Bell in By 1990, the entire American telephone line network was either twisted pair or open wire. A twisted pair consists of two insulated copper wires, typically about 1 mm thickness. The wires are twisted together in a helical shape. The purpose of twisting the wires is to reduce electrical interference from similar pairs that are close by. Relocated or Untwisted Redeemed or Unfiltered Reconstituted or Undone

89 65. Reprogramming of modules with update information is called the computer also known as pass thru programming. Dashing Flashing Crashing

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91 66. Resistors, diodes, and capacitors should all be checked using a DMM. CAT III High Impedance Low Impedance

92 67. It is best to use a when checking frequency (hertz) of a signal. (cycles per second) Lab Scope Lab Coat Lab Rat

93 A millisecond is one thousandth of a second. The pattern is called a trace.

94 Note: The sweep of a scope pattern is another name for the time axis.

95 Frequency is a term that describes how often a signal performs a complete cycle.

96 A cycle is a description of the changes that a signal goes through without repeating itself.

97 Frequency is measured in Hertz. Hertz is a measurement of Cycles per Second.