5v AC R. 12v. 1kohm. F=35KHz oscilloscope. 3 Final Project OFF. ON Toggle Switch. Relay 5v 2N3906 2N uF LM311. IR Detector +5v GND LED PNP NPN

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1 3 Final Project Diode 103 IR Detector OFF ON Toggle Switch IR Detector +5v Push Button IR 100uF LED + GND LDR C Preset R 7805 IN GND OUT Relay 5v + PNP 2N Kohm NPN 2N LM Transformer 5v F=35KHz oscilloscope OK 1mA 1kohm 12v 5v AC R DC ImA AC R DC ImA AC R DC ImA AC R DC ImA AC R DC ImA EE.Ahmad Alsaleh - 1 -

2 Electrical and Electronic Components: Name and Use Picture Symbol Name: Resistance Use: To resist the Current Name: Variable Resistance Use: To resist the Current Name: Preset Resistance Use: To resist Current Name: Electrolytic Capacitor Use: Charge and discharge Current. Name: Non- Electrolytic Capacitor Use: Charge and discharge Current. Name: Diode Use: allow current to follow in one direction EE.Ahmad Alsaleh - 2 -

3 Name and Use Picture Symbol Name: LED Use: Light Emitting Diode. LED Emit light and allow current to flow in one direction. Name: Transistor Use: Amplifier and Switching Name: Thyristor Use: allow the current to flow in one direction using the Gate as power switch Name: Lamp Use: Emit Light Name: Motor Use: Convert electricity to motion Name: Battery Use: Electromotive force, to create current in the circuit. EE.Ahmad Alsaleh - 3 -

4 Name and Use Picture Symbol Name: Relay Use: Switching from low voltage to high Voltage. Name: Micro Switch Use: Switch, ON when Press, OFF when released Name: Toggle Switch Use: Switch, ON when UP, OFF when Down Use: Slide Switch Use: Switch between two voltages Name: Push Switch Use: Switch, ON when Press, OFF when released Name: Dry Reed Switch Use: Switches when a Magnet nears it. Name: Solenoid Use: Moves the core in when voltage applied Name and Use Picture Symbol EE.Ahmad Alsaleh - 4 -

5 Name: Thermistor Use: resistor whose resistance changes with temperature Name: Microphone Use: converting sound waves into an electrical wave Name: Buzzer Use: converting electrical waves into ringing Name: Speaker Use: converting electrical waves into an sound wave Name: LDR Use: resistor whose resistance changes with Light Name: Fuse Use: Cut off the circuit when high current passes Name: IC EE.Ahmad Alsaleh - 5 -

6 Tool Box EE.Ahmad Alsaleh - 6 -

7 LAB Safety: Latex Gloves Lab Coat lab safety goggles Air Mask EE.Ahmad Alsaleh - 7 -

8 Soldering lead Soldering Iron Holder Soldering remover by suction Soldering Iron Holder EE.Ahmad Alsaleh - 8 -

9 Wire Peeler Colored Wires Ethernet Cable Wires EE.Ahmad Alsaleh - 9 -

10 Screwdriver Etching tools Component grabber Wire Cutter EE.Ahmad Alsaleh

11 Direct Voltage DC Measurement 100 Alternating Voltage AC Measurement Small DC or AC Current Measurement Resistor Measurement Large DC or AC Current Measurement Transistor Measurement For Large Current For Voltage, Resistor and small Current Insert your transistor for Measurement Diode Break down voltage Measurement Common Ground Black EE.Ahmad Alsaleh

12 5 holes are connected together Those holes are connected together EE.Ahmad Alsaleh

13 Step 1 Summary Coming up with the Idea Building and simulating the circuit 2 Connecting the circuit using the Breadboard LM311 - Comparator LDR 3 +5v Preset R LM311 LED R1 R2 GND RL Drawing the Schematic circuit EE.Ahmad Alsaleh 4 EE.Ahmad Alsaleh

14 Drawing PCB (Printed Circuit Board) 5 Making the PCB Image 6 7 Using Ultra- Violate to transform the Image to the PCB EE.Ahmad Alsaleh

15 Caution.. Danger.. Chemicals 8 Putting the PCB in the Developer to show the printed PCB on the board. Etching the PCB using HCL+H2O Cleaning the board EE.Ahmad Alsaleh

16 Drilling the PCB 11 Installing and soldering the component 12 EE.Ahmad Alsaleh

17 Project 1: conductivity Probe Image Value Use ---- Breadboard To Connect the Circuit on it NPN 2N3904 C B E 2N3904 NPN PNP 2N3906 C B E 2N3906 PNP Speaker + _ Buzzer OR 4 Speaker Generate the Sound When the Probes are connected C OR pf 10uF 1K EE.Ahmad Alsaleh

18 Conductivity Probe Circuit Schematic VCC R1 1k 9V A B Q2 2N3906 Q1 2N3904 C1 10uF BUZZER EE.Ahmad Alsaleh

19 EE.Ahmad Alsaleh

20 EE.Ahmad Alsaleh Student Notes

21 EE.Ahmad Alsaleh Student Notes

22 Project 2: Power Supply Image Value Use ---- Breadboard To Connect the Circuit on it Transformer 240VAC to 12VAC Step-Down To step Down the AC Voltage 7805 IN GND OUT LM7805 5v Voltage regulator Diode 4x 1N4002 To make the Bridge Rectifier C OR pf 10nF(103), 10nF(103), 470uF, 10uF Used for filtering the circuit EE.Ahmad Alsaleh

23 Power Supply Circuit Schematic AC 240v v Output GND EE.Ahmad Alsaleh

24 Transformer EE.Ahmad Alsaleh Power Supply 1uF 1uF 1uF C C C 7806 IN GND OUT 104 Diode Diode EE.Ahmad Alsaleh

25 EE.Ahmad Alsaleh Student Notes

26 EE.Ahmad Alsaleh Student Notes

27 Project 3: Relay Drive Image Value Use ---- Breadboard To Connect the Circuit on it Relay 5v 5v Relay To switch to high voltage using a small voltage NPN 2N3904 C B E 2N3903 NPN Used as a switch. When small current passes to the Base, high current will pass from the collector to the Emitter. Diode 2x 1N4002 For Protecting the circuit and allowing the current to flow in one direction pf 10nF(103) Preventing AC current and allowing the circuit to start slowly 330 1K 1K, is to limit the base current, 330 to get a voltage drop and allow a parallel voltage for the relay LED + RED LED Light indicator to know if the circuit is working correctly IR Detector OR IR Detector 35KHz carrier frequency Maybe added to detect Infra- Red signal EE.Ahmad Alsaleh

28 Relay Drive Circuit Schematic VCC 5V R2 330Ohm Coil 1 Normally Connected N.C LED D1 1N4148 Com Coil 2 Normally Open N.O Key J1 = Space R1 Q1 LAMP 1.0kOhm 2N VAC GND EE.Ahmad Alsaleh

29 +5v Relay Drive Circuit Push Button NPN 2N3904 C B E LED R1 R2 1 Kohm 1 Kohm GND Diode Relay 5v LAMP 240 VAC EE.Ahmad Alsaleh

30 EE.Ahmad Alsaleh Student Notes

31 EE.Ahmad Alsaleh Student Notes

32 Project 4: A-stable 555-Timer Brief: The 555 is an integrated circuit (chip) implementing a variety of timer and multivibrator applications. The IC was designed and invented by Hans R. Camezind. It was designed in 1970 and introduced in 1971 by Signetics (later acquired by Philips). The original name was the SE555/NE555 and was called "The IC Time Machine". This timer can function as: 1- A-stable: where the output pulse is continues frequency depending on the resistors and capacitors in the circuit. f.693( R 1 1 2R2 ) 2- Mono-stable: where the output is one pulse with a Time width. Application Examples: T 1.1 R C 1 1 C 1 A-Stable Alarm System Timing Circuits Frequency Generator Mono-Stable Touch Sensor Time Delay Timing Circuits A-stable Circuit Schematic: 5V Vs R3 220 RVar RST DIS VCC OUT RL 100 Q1 2N3904 R1 THR TRI CON R2 GND 555 Timer LED1 C1 Cf 10nF R1 R2 C1 RVAR Frequency Application 35KHz IR Transmitter 500Hz Alarm System EE.Ahmad Alsaleh

33 Project 4: A-stable 555-Timer Image Value Use ---- Breadboard To Connect the Circuit on it LM555 f Timer IC.693( R 1 1 2R2 ) C 1 NPN 2N3904 C B E 2N3904 NPN Used as a switch. When small current passes to the Base, high current will pass from the collector to the Emitter. C pf C1=1nF(102) 2x.1uF(104) Preventing AC current and allowing the circuit to start slowly 220 1K R1=20K R2=3.9K 1K, is to limit the base current, 330 to get a voltage drop and allow a parallel voltage for the relay IR + IR LED Transmit high Infra-Red frequency wavelength=940nm EE.Ahmad Alsaleh

34 EE.Ahmad Alsaleh 555 Timer - Astable GND NPN 2N3904 C B E +5v 220 ohm 100 ohm Preset R 10K uF C 1uF C R1=27K R2=1.5K EE.Ahmad Alsaleh

35 EE.Ahmad Alsaleh Student Notes

36 EE.Ahmad Alsaleh Student Notes

37 Project 5: Mono-stable 555-Timer Image Value Use ---- Breadboard To Connect the Circuit on it LM555 Timer IC T 1.1 R C 1 1 NPN 2N3904 C B E 2N3904 NPN Used as a switch. When small current passes to the Base, high current will pass from the collector to the Emitter. C pf C1=1nF(102) 2x.1uF(104) Preventing AC current and allowing the circuit to start slowly 220 1K R1=20K R2=3.9K 1K, is to limit the base current, 330 to get a voltage drop and allow a parallel voltage for the relay LED + IR LED Transmit high Infra-Red frequency wavelength=940nm EE.Ahmad Alsaleh

38 J1 Key = Space 2k R4 R3 1k C3 10nF Q1 2N3904 R5 10k D1 1N k R 10uF C 9V Vs RST DIS THR TRI CON 10nF Cf VCC GND OUT 100 Rl 555_VIRTUAL Timer Q2 2N Rl LED1 U1 BUZZER 200 Hz EE.Ahmad Alsaleh

39 EE.Ahmad Alsaleh

40 EE.Ahmad Alsaleh Student Notes

41 EE.Ahmad Alsaleh Student Notes

42 Project 6: LM311 Voltage Comparator Brief: An integrated circuit "Voltage Comparator" is equivalent to an Operational Amplifier, Such as the LM358 or LM324, with two NPN transistors added to the output of each amplifier. The output is switched ON or OFF depending on the relative voltages at the PLUS and MINUS inputs of the comparator. The inputs are quite sensitive and a difference of only a few millivolts between the two will cause the output to turn on or off. The LM339, LM393 and LM311 comparator chips can operate from a single or dual power supply of up to 32 volts maximum Application Examples: Light sensing Heat sensing Voltage sensing Circuit Schematic: VCC 5V VCC 5V 20kOhm 2kOhm LDR 2 3 VS+ BAL B/STB 7 2N3904 VS- 4 GND 1 LM311N 2kOhm LED GND EE.Ahmad Alsaleh

43 Project 6: LM311 Voltage Comparator Image Value Use ---- Breadboard To Connect the Circuit on it LM311 LM555 Timer IC NPN 2N3904 C B E 2N3904 NPN Used as a switch. When small current passes to the Base, high current will pass from the collector to the Emitter. C pf C1=1nF(102) 2x.1uF(104) Preventing AC current and allowing the circuit to start slowly R1=2K R2=2K 1K, is to limit the base current, 330 to get a voltage drop and allow a parallel voltage for the relay LED + IR LED Transmit high Infra-Red frequency wavelength=940nm LDR Light Driven Resistor LDR Preset R Preset Resistor 20K EE.Ahmad Alsaleh

44 +5v EE.Ahmad Alsaleh LM311 - Comparator LDR Preset R LM R1 R2 GND RL LED EE.Ahmad Alsaleh

45 Troubleshooting LM311 Comparator 5v 2.5 V DC AC R ImA 0-5v DC AC R ImA 5v 4v DC AC R ImA LM311 - Comparator 2 LDR 1 4 LED v Preset R LM R2 R1 3 GND RL EE.Ahmad Alsaleh EE.Ahmad Alsaleh

46 EE.Ahmad Alsaleh Student Notes

47 EE.Ahmad Alsaleh Student Notes

48 EE.Ahmad Alsaleh

49 Project: Name: Drawing 10 BreadBoard Working 10 PCB Working 10 References: Resistor Color Code 1st 2nd 3rd BLACK 0 0 x 1 BROWN 1 1 x 10 RED 2 2 x 100 ORANGE 3 3 x 1,000 YELLOW 4 4 x 10,000 GREEN 5 5 x 100,000 BLUE 6 6 x 1,000,000 VIOLET 7 7 x 10,000,000 GREY 8 8 x 100,000,000 WHITE 9 9 x 1,000,000,000 Capacitor coding: CODE / Marking µf microfarads nf nanofarads pf picofarads 1RO , , , ,000 1,000, ,000 10,000, ,000,000 EE.Ahmad Alsaleh

50 Name: Project: Drawing 10 BreadBoard Working 10 PCB Working 10 References: Resistor Color Code 1st 2nd 3rd BLACK 0 0 x 1 BROWN 1 1 x 10 RED 2 2 x 100 ORANGE 3 3 x 1,000 YELLOW 4 4 x 10,000 GREEN 5 5 x 100,000 BLUE 6 6 x 1,000,000 VIOLET 7 7 x 10,000,000 GREY 8 8 x 100,000,000 WHITE 9 9 x 1,000,000,000 Capacitor coding: CODE / Marking µf microfarads nf nanofarads pf picofarads 1RO , , , ,000 1,000, ,000 10,000, ,000,000 EE.Ahmad Alsaleh

51 Name: Project: Drawing 10 BreadBoard Working 10 PCB Working 10 References: Resistor Color Code 1st 2nd 3rd BLACK 0 0 x 1 BROWN 1 1 x 10 RED 2 2 x 100 ORANGE 3 3 x 1,000 YELLOW 4 4 x 10,000 GREEN 5 5 x 100,000 BLUE 6 6 x 1,000,000 VIOLET 7 7 x 10,000,000 GREY 8 8 x 100,000,000 WHITE 9 9 x 1,000,000,000 Capacitor coding: CODE / Marking µf microfarads nf nanofarads pf picofarads 1RO , , , ,000 1,000, ,000 10,000, ,000,000 EE.Ahmad Alsaleh

52 Name: Project: Drawing 10 BreadBoard Working 10 PCB Working 10 References: Resistor Color Code 1st 2nd 3rd BLACK 0 0 x 1 BROWN 1 1 x 10 RED 2 2 x 100 ORANGE 3 3 x 1,000 YELLOW 4 4 x 10,000 GREEN 5 5 x 100,000 BLUE 6 6 x 1,000,000 VIOLET 7 7 x 10,000,000 GREY 8 8 x 100,000,000 WHITE 9 9 x 1,000,000,000 Capacitor coding: CODE / Marking µf microfarads nf nanofarads pf picofarads 1RO , , , ,000 1,000, ,000 10,000, ,000,000 EE.Ahmad Alsaleh

53 Name: Project: Drawing 10 BreadBoard Working 10 PCB Working 10 References: Resistor Color Code 1st 2nd 3rd BLACK 0 0 x 1 BROWN 1 1 x 10 RED 2 2 x 100 ORANGE 3 3 x 1,000 YELLOW 4 4 x 10,000 GREEN 5 5 x 100,000 BLUE 6 6 x 1,000,000 VIOLET 7 7 x 10,000,000 GREY 8 8 x 100,000,000 WHITE 9 9 x 1,000,000,000 Capacitor coding: CODE / Marking µf microfarads nf nanofarads pf picofarads 1RO , , , ,000 1,000, ,000 10,000, ,000,000 EE.Ahmad Alsaleh

54 Name: Project: Drawing 10 BreadBoard Working 10 PCB Working 10 References: Resistor Color Code 1st 2nd 3rd BLACK 0 0 x 1 BROWN 1 1 x 10 RED 2 2 x 100 ORANGE 3 3 x 1,000 YELLOW 4 4 x 10,000 GREEN 5 5 x 100,000 BLUE 6 6 x 1,000,000 VIOLET 7 7 x 10,000,000 GREY 8 8 x 100,000,000 WHITE 9 9 x 1,000,000,000 Capacitor coding: CODE / Marking µf microfarads nf nanofarads pf picofarads 1RO , , , ,000 1,000, ,000 10,000, ,000,000 EE.Ahmad Alsaleh

55 Name: Project: Drawing 10 BreadBoard Working 10 PCB Working 10 References: Resistor Color Code 1st 2nd 3rd BLACK 0 0 x 1 BROWN 1 1 x 10 RED 2 2 x 100 ORANGE 3 3 x 1,000 YELLOW 4 4 x 10,000 GREEN 5 5 x 100,000 BLUE 6 6 x 1,000,000 VIOLET 7 7 x 10,000,000 GREY 8 8 x 100,000,000 WHITE 9 9 x 1,000,000,000 Capacitor coding: CODE / Marking µf microfarads nf nanofarads pf picofarads 1RO , , , ,000 1,000, ,000 10,000, ,000,000 EE.Ahmad Alsaleh

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