Digital Signal Processing Lecture 1. Introduction. Dr. Shoab Khan

Transcription

1 Digital Signal Processing Lecture 1 Introduction Dr. Shoab Khan

2 DSP Introduction Application of mathematical operations to digitally represented signals IN A/D DSP D/A OUT x[0] x[1] n

3 Discrete Time Signal General Introduction sequence x[n] - as opposed to continuous-time signals x(t) - time = independent variable

4 Discrete in Nature Examples - stock market indices NasDaq daily closing value from Aug 1995 to Jan population statistics Birth in Canada from to

5 Example Sampled continuous-time (analog) signals - Speech

6 Digital Images 2-D arrays (matrices) of numbers

7 Typical DSP Applications Video Communications Spy Satellite Imaging Military Appls Space Imaging Appls Data Storage & Transmission Web wireless technology Real Time DSP Embedded Systems Ultrasound Medical Imaging Digital Radiographic Imaging Real Time Video Cameras & Cell Phones Speech Recognition Car Awake warning system Optical Wearable Computers

8 Example: Speech Modeling Pitch Period Impulse Train Generator u(n) Noise Generator G Vocal Tract Parameters Timevarying digital filter s(n)

9 An Embedded System Control Panel Real Time Operating system Controller Process User interface process ASIC MICROCONTROLLER Embedded signal Processing System System Bus Host port Host port FPGA PROGRAMMABLE DSP PROGRAMMABLE DSP CODEC Memory interface Memory interface Dual Port Memeory Analog interface DSP Assembly Code

10 Example Embedded System HSP52014 SBSRAM From RF Board A/D To RF Board 8-bit DAC & LPF Xilinx 4062 TMS320C6201 DDS MHz Sine wave clock amplifier & squarer square wave output I/O FLASH SRAM Bitstream Output

11 SDR Board Design Clock Generator AD outputs IN IN I-Input Q-Input HMC610 RSSI x2 AD8352 Differential Amp 16-LFCSP_VQ RSSI Analog Interface AD9640 DUAL ADC 14BIT, 105 MSPS AVDD=1.8V/310mA DVDD=1.8V/34mA DRVDD=3.3V/35mA 8 Channel ADC MCP3008 VD=3.3V/0.5mA 47 4-Bit SOIC-16 GAIN CONTROL (6-BIT) SPI 64-LFCSP_VQ /2 SSN Silicon Serial Number Ethernet PHY DP83848I IOVDD=3.3V/150mA AVDD=3.3V/100mA? LQFP-48 Ethernet Interface RJ45 AUDIO SERIAL PORT ASP HEADER IN I-Output IN Q-Output PA interface Filter Selection T/R Switch Sythesizer Interface AMP FILTER NETWORK Not implemente d 6-Bits Output power control 3-Bit Rx Filter Selection 1-Bit T/R Control 5-Bit Frequency control DUAL Channel 14 bit, 125 MSPS (Max) DAC, DAC2904, VA=3.3V/64mA VD=3.3V/19.5mA TQFP FPGA SPARTAN3 XC3S1500FG676I - XC3S2000FG676I VCCINT=1.2V/470mA VCCAUX=2.5V/100mA VCCO1=3.3V/mA VCCO2=2.5V/mA Spartan3 SUPPORTS LVCMOS-1.8 HPI / VLYNQ interface LVCMOS_1.8V 20 DSP TMS320DM6446 CVDD 1.2V/767mA DVDD 1.8V/102mA DVDD 3.3V/6mA 32BIT RS232 Interface DB9 RS232 TRANSCEIVER MAX3232EID SOIC-16 2x MT47H64M16BT-5E 1G DDR SDRAM 64M x VD/mA? 28F256J3, 128Mb 16MB Intel Strata flash 3.3V/80mA OSC EXP HEADER IO PBGA-N361 JTAG PLATFORM FLASH XCF08P 3.3VD/20mA JTAG IN POWER IN Digital Power (SMPS) 1.2VD 1.8VD 2.5VD 3.3VD Analog (LDO Linear PSU) 1.8VA 3.3VA 167 GC5016 Quad Wideband DUC/DDC VPAD=3.3V/180mA VCORE=1.8V/420mA FG-676 (BGA) PBGA-252 FSG-48 (BGA) Title: Tranceiver Board Size: A Revision: 1.3 Date: 08/04/08 Drawn by: ASK

12 Software Defined Radio All configurable HW Waveform 1 Data Algo4 Proprietary ½ FEC Framer 1 V QAM OFDM Device 1 Device 0 FPGA General Purpose Processor Device 4 DSP

13 COTS SDR Platform Key Features 1. DSP core from TI 2. FPGA from Xilinx 3. Dual-channel analog-to-digital converter 4. Dual-channel digital-to-analog converter 5. Bandwidth (5 MHz or 20 MHz) 6. RF module operating between 360 MHz and 960 MHz 7. Ethernet remote access capabilities 8. ARM Processor Design Options 1. Tactical military communications 2. Military communication gateways 3. Handset and man pack systems 4. Vehicular systems

14 Course Objectives To establish the idea of using computing techniques to alter the properties of a signal for desired effects, via understanding of Fundamentals of discrete-time, linear, shiftinvariant signals and systems in Representation and Analysis: sampling, quantization, Fourier and z-transform; Implementation: filtering and transform techniques; System Design: filter & processing algorithm design. Efficient computational algorithms and their implementation.

15 Course Outline

16 Course Outline

17 Prerequisite A fundamental course in signal and system Liner System analysis and transform analysis convolution and filtering Fourier transforms Laplace and z transforms

18 Textbook Oppenheim, Schafer and Buck, Discrete-Time Signal Processing, 2nd edition (Prentice-Hall, 1999) Refrences: McClellan, Schafer, & Yoder, DSP First Ifeachor Jervis Digital Signal Processing- A Practical Approach, Prentice Hall

19 Historical Perspective Who is who of DSP

20 Cooley and Tuckey

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22 Inventors: Oppenhiam, Schaffer...

23 Inventors: Parks & McCllelan

24 Inventors: Gold and Rader

25 Inventor: J. Kaiser

26 Inventor: Haskell

27 Linear Predictive Coding Original Speech Encoder Analysis: Voiced/Unvoiced decision Pitch Period (voiced only) Signal power (Gain) Pitch Period Pulse Train V/U Signal Power Decoder G Vocal Tract Model Synthesized Speech Random Noise

28 Inventor: James G. Dunn

29 DSP Components

30 Signals Basic Types

31 Basic Types of Digital Signals Basic of Digital Signals

32 Basic Types of Digital Signals sindemo

33 Sine and Exp Using Matlab xn2 = A.^n; % sine generation: A*sin(omega*n+theta) % exponential generation: A^n n = 0: 1: 50; % amplitude A = 0.87; % phase theta = 0.4; % frequency omega = 2*pi / 20; % sin generation xn1 = A*sin(omega*n+theta); % exp generation

34 Basic Operations operations

35 Operations in Matlab xn1 = [ ]; xn2 = [ ]; yn = xn1 + xn2;

36