CLIC Compact Linear Collider

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1 f1 CLIC Compact LInear Collider Frank Zimmermann for the CLIC Study Team many CLIC contributors! special thanks to Hans Braun, Jean-Pierre Delahaye, & Frank Tecker! Frank Zimmermann UPHUK3 2007, Bodrumr,

2 Slide 1 f1 check CTF-3 pictures check CLEX layout and meaning check combiner ring achievement so far check outstanding questions check plan and time schedule check recent results from CTF3 get list of all CLIC contributors frankz;

3 outline motivation layout & key concepts parameter update rf structure results outstanding questions CTF3 conclusion & plan

4 motivation of CLIC study linear e+/e- collider with E cm > 500 GeV will fully complement LHC physics (European strategy for particle physics by CERN Council) e+ e- p p Higgs physics supersymmetry extra dimensions new strong interactions Physics at the CLIC Multi-TeV Linear Collider : CERN

5 3 TeV luminosity > few 10 34 cm -2 s -1 with acceptable background and energy spread E cm and L to be reviewed once LHC

5 goal of CLIC study develop technology for linear e+/e- collider meeting following requirements: energy range starting from ILC energy beyond maximum reach of LHC E cm = TeV luminosity > few cm -2 s -1 with acceptable background and energy spread E cm and L to be reviewed once LHC results are available compatible with maximum length ~ 50 km affordable total power consumption < 500 MW present focus: demonstrate all key feasibility issues and complete CDR by 2010 (possibly TDR by 2015) to

CLIC-CTF3 Collaboration WORLD WIDE CLIC & CTF3 COLLABORATION Ankara Unive

(Germany) BINP (Russia) CERN CIEMAT (Spain) DAPNIA/Saclay (France) RRCAT-Indore (India) Frank Zimmermann Finnish Industry

(Spain) INFN / LNF (Italy) JASRI (Japan) JINR (Russia) KEK (Japan) LAL/Orsay (France) LAPP/ESIA (France) LLBL/LBL (USA) NCP

6 CLIC-CTF3 Collaboration WORLD WIDE CLIC & CTF3 COLLABORATION Ankara University (Turkey) Berlin Tech. Univ. (Germany) BINP (Russia) CERN CIEMAT (Spain) DAPNIA/Saclay (France) RRCAT-Indore (India) Frank Zimmermann Finnish Industry (Finland) Gazi University (Turkey) Helsinki Institute of Physics (Finland) IAP (Russia) Instituto de Fisica Corpuscular (Spain) INFN / LNF (Italy) JASRI (Japan) JINR (Russia) KEK (Japan) LAL/Orsay (France) LAPP/ESIA (France) LLBL/LBL (USA) NCP (Pakistan) Nigde University (Turkey) Northwesters University Illinois (USA) PSI (Switzerland), Polytech. University of Catalonia (Spain) John Adams Institute (England) SLAC (USA) Svedberg Laboratory (Sweden) UPHKU3 Uppsala 2007, University Bodrum, (Sweden)

CLIC basic features essential features of multi-tev linear collider: high acceleration gradient compact total length < 50 km at 3 TeV normal conducting acceleration structures high acceleration

7 CLIC basic features essential features of multi-tev linear collider: high acceleration gradient compact total length < 50 km at 3 TeV normal conducting acceleration structures high acceleration frequency two-beam acceleration scheme cost effective, reliable, efficient simple tunnel, no active elements modular, easy staged energy upgrade QUAD QUAD POWER EXTRACTION STRUCTURE 4.5 m diameter CLIC TUNNEL CROSS-SECTION Frank Zimmermann ACCELERATING STRUCTURES Main beam 1 A, 200 ns from 9 GeV to 1.5 TeV BPM 12 GHz 140 MW Drive beam - 95 A, 300 ns from 2.4 GeV to 240 MeV

8 CLIC overall layout drive beam generation main beam generation complex

9 recent changes of key CLIC parameters main linac RF frequency 30 GHz 12 GHz accelerating field 150 MV/m 100 MV/m Why? overall E CM = 3 TeV 34 km 48 km very promising results of earlier molybdenum structures not reproduced for conditions closer to LC requirements (i.e., low breakdown rate, long RF pulses, structures with HOM damping) copper structure tests indicate flat gradient scaling with frequency >12 GHz parametric study indicates higher efficiency and substantial cost savings for 12 GHz / 100 MV/m (flat minimum for this parameter range) 100 MV/m is lowest reasonable gradient for a 3 TeV machine Concentration of efforts on lower frequency & gradient and copper structures increases chance of feasibility demonstration by 2010

10 optimization results acc. gradient Luminosity / power CLIC old parameters CLIC new parameters Total cost (a.u.) rf frequency A. Grudiev et al. EPAC 06

11 optimization results - details luminosity/power vs rf frequency luminosity/power vs gradient New Optimum Old New Old total cost vs rf frequency total cost vs gradient Optimum New Optimum Old New Old

12 11.4 GHz high-power test results recent SLAC High-Power test results 11.4 GHz results close to CLIC requirements! NLC structure T53vg3 60 cells 2π/3 TW no damping CLIC requirements

13 new CLIC main parameters Center-of-mass energy Peak Luminosity Peak luminosity (in 1% of energy) Repetition rate Loaded accelerating gradient Main linac RF frequency Overall two-linac length Bunch charge Bunches / pulse Bunch spacing Beam pulse length Average current in pulse Hor./vert. normalized emittance Hor./vert. IP beam size before pinch Total site length Total power consumption 3 TeV cm -2 s cm -2 s Hz 100 MV/m 12 GHz 41.7 km ns 200 ns 1 A 660 / 20 nm rad 53 / ~1 nm km 390 MW Provisional values

14 open beam-dynamics questions beam distribution with strong intrabeam scattering intrabeam scattering and polarization dynamic effects for main & drive-beam linac alignment ion effects for e- beam and drive beam electron-cloud effects for e+ beam polarized e+ production via Compton back scattering application of crab-waist collisions to CLIC final focus laser collimation schemes (collaboration with Ankara, Gazi & Nigde Universities) CLIC gamma-gamma collider (collaboration with Ankara, Gazi & Nigde Universities)

15 CTF3 collaboration goals small-scale version of the CLIC RF power source: full beam loading accelerator operation electron beam pulse compression and frequency multiplication using RF deflectors provides RF power to test CLIC accelerating structures & components CTF3 is being built at CERN by a collaboration modeled on large particle physics experiments 22 institutes from 11 countries Chairman of Collaboration Board: Spokesperson: M. Calvetti (INFN-LNF) G. Geschonke (CERN)

16 CLIC overall layout drive beam complex main beam generation complex

17 CLIC drive beam generation Drive Beam Accelerator efficient acceleration in fully loaded linac Delay Loop 2 gap creation, pulse compression & frequency multiplication Combiner Ring 3 RF Transverse Deflectors Combiner Ring 3 (4) pulse compression & frequency multiplication pulse compression & frequency multiplication CLIC RF POWER SOURCE LAYOUT Drive Beam Decelerator Section (2 26 in total) Power Extraction Drive beam time structure - initial Drive beam time structure - final 300 ns 300 ns 5.4 μs 140 μs train length sub-pulses 5.2 A GeV 45 cm between bunches 26 pulses 93 A 2.5 cm between bunches

18 CTF 3 demonstrate drive beam generation (fully loaded acceleration, bunch frequency multiplication 8x) test CLIC accelerating structures test power production structures (PETS) 30 GHz PETS Line Bunch length chicane Delay Loop Combiner Ring Injector Linac RF deflector TL1 Laser 30 GHz test area CLEX TL2

19 CTF3 layout 4 A 1.2 μs 150 Mev DELAY LOOP COMBINER RING DRIVE BEAM LINAC 32 A 140 ns 150 Mev 10 m CLEX CLIC Experimental Area

Combiner Ring 2007-2009 new photo-injector, TL2 + CLEX

20 CTF3 evolution 2003 injector + part of linac 2004 linac + 30 GHz test stand 2005 delay Loop 2006 TL1 + Combiner Ring new photo-injector, TL2 + CLEX DL TL1 CR CLEX TL2 beam up to here so far Jan 2007

21 drive beam generation basics efficient acceleration full beam-loading acceleration in traveling wave sections RF in No RF to load High beam current short structure - low Ohmic losses Most of RF power to the beam frequency multiplication beam combination/separation by transverse RF deflectors P 0, ν 0 Transverse RF Deflector, ν 0 2 P 0, 2 ν 0 P 0, ν 0 Deflecting Field

structure exit lost in load efficient situation: high beam

22 fully loaded operation efficient power transfer from RF to the beam needed standard situation: small beam loading power at structure exit lost in load efficient situation: high beam current high beam loading no power flows into load V ACC 1/2 V unloaded

23 fully loaded operation disadvantage: any current variation changes energy gain dv / V I = di / I I at full loading, 1% current variation = 1% voltage variation requires high current stability beam beam beam opt time resolved beam energy spectrum measurement in CTF energy transient E beam E 0 E 0 /2 steady state ΔP/P (%) Transient Steady state t fill t Time (ns) 400 Frank Zimmermann

24 CTF3 linac acceleration structures dipole modes suppressed by slotted iris damping (first dipole s Q factor < 20) and HOM frequency detuning damping slot 3 GHz 2π/3 traveling wave structure 1.5 μs constant aperture SiC load slotted-iris damping + detuning with nose cones up to 4 A 1.4 µs beam pulse accelerated no sign of beam break-up

25 CTF-3 full beam-loading acceleration RF pulse at structure input 1.5 µs beam pulse RF pulse at structure output analog signal measured RF-to-beam efficiency 95.3% theory 96% (~ 4 % ohmic losses) MKS03 MKS05 MKS06 MKS07 Frank Zimmermann Spectrometer 4 Spectrometer 10

26 beam combination by RF deflectors P 0, ν 0 transverse RF deflector, ν 0 2 P 0, 2 ν 0 P 0, ν 0 deflecting field Frank Zimmermann

27 beam separation by RF deflectors P 0 / 2, ν 0 / 2 Transverse RF Deflector, ν 0 P 0, ν 0 P 0 / 2, ν 0 / 2 Deflecting Field Frank Zimmermann

28 delay loop principle double repetition frequency and current parts of bunch train delayed in loop RF deflector combines the bunches

29 CTF3 delay loop

delay loop operation TL1 gun SHB SHB 2004 2005 DL CR SHB buncher 2

30 delay loop operation TL1 gun SHB SHB DL CR SHB buncher 2 accelerating structures CLEX TL2 1.5 GHz sub-harm. bunching system 1.5 GHz RF deflector

31 sub-harmonic bunching system fast phase switch from SHB system (CTF3) streak camera image satellite main ps 3 TW sub-harmonic bunchers, each fed by a wide-band TWT ps = 5.7 ns

32 delay loop full recombination beam before the DL beam after the DL 3.3 A after chicane => < 6 A after combination (satellites)

33 CTF3 combiner ring CERN: Layout, infrastructure, cabling, magnets, power supplies, installation CIEMAT: Septa magnets, sextupoles, correctors, extraction Kickers INFN: RF deflectors, wiggler, vacuum chambers, BPM (BPI) LAPP: BPM electronics LURE: quadrupoles BINP: magnet realization

34 1 st turn RF injection in combiner ring combination factor = 4 (up to 5 reachable) injection line septum C ring = (n + ¼) λ 2 nd 1 st deflector 2 nd deflector local inner orbits RF deflector field λ o 3 rd 4 rd λ o /4

demonstration of frequency multiplication CTF3 -

demonstration of electron pulse combination and

streak camera measurement RF deflectors Streak

turn 333 ps 2 nd 3 rd Beam time structure in linac

35 demonstration of frequency multiplication CTF3 - PRELIMINARY PHASE 2001/2002 Successful low-charge demonstration of electron pulse combination and bunch frequency multiplication by up to factor 5 streak camera measurement RF deflectors Streak camera image of beam time structure evolution 1 st turn 333 ps 2 nd 3 rd Beam time structure in linac Bunch spacing 333 ps 4 th 420 ns (ring revolution time) Beam Current 0.3 A 5 th turn 66 ps Beam Current 1.5 A Bunch spacing 66 ps Beam structure after combination time

CTF3 preliminary phase (2001-2002) RF injection in combiner ring x 333 ps 83 ps streak camera images of the beam, showing the bunch combination process

36 CTF3 preliminary phase ( ) RF injection in combiner ring x 333 ps 83 ps streak camera images of the beam, showing the bunch combination process t a first ring combination test was performed in 2002, at low current and short pulse, in the CERN Electron-Positron Accumulator (EPA), properly modified

37 30 GHz test line Mid-linac power station Test stand CLEX Two-beam Test Area High-power Main Beam Injector transfer line HIGH POWER RF SOURCES High-gradient test stand, CTF2-style Beam CTF3 linac PETS branch

38 power extraction structure PETS must extract efficiently >100 MW power from high current drive beam Fast (15 ms) linear movers ON Detuning wedges periodically corrugated structure with low impedance (big a/λ) ON/OFF mechanism OFF PETS ON/OFF mechanism Beam eye view 10 1 Reconstructed from GDFIDL data PETS output pulse envelopes ON Power, norm OFF Time, ns

39 30 GHz power production (PETS) vacuum tanks containing Power Extraction Transfer Structure 17m waveguide with 5 bends but low-loss (85% transmission) (Russian collaboration) First production of 30 GHz RF pulse for nominal CLIC gradient and pulse length in 2005 high power load / accel. structure

40 CTF3 achievements fully loaded operation demonstrated and routinely used bunch train combination principle shown (Prel.Phase) phase coding of bunches and full current drive-linac operation full current combiner-ring combination well advanced => fully loaded drive beam generation nearly established extensive high power RF testing (mainly automated) various tests in CLEX from 2008

41 long term CLIC scenario shortest, success-oriented, technically limited CLIC schedule Technology evaluation and Physics assessment based on LHC results for a possible decision on Linear Collider funding with staged construction starting with the lowest energy required by Physics Feasibility issues (Accelerator&Detector) Conceptual design and cost estimation Design finalisation and technical design Engineering optimisation Project approval & final cost Construction accelerator (poss. staged) Construction detector J.-P. Delahaye CDR TDR Project approval First Beam

42 conclusions many critical CLIC issues already demonstrated in CTF3 high-current fully loaded acceleration phase coding and delay loop recombination structure test results provided relevant information on structure limitations based mainly on this, CLIC key parameters were changed; now closer to optimum cost and efficiency CTF3 on track to demonstrate main CLIC feasibility issues by 2010 (when LHC results should point the way to go) CTF-3 collaboration organized like large particle-physics experiments is proving highly efficient

FAST RF KICKER DESIGN

FAST RF KICKER DESIGN David Alesini LNF-INFN, Frascati, Rome, Italy ICFA Mini-Workshop on Deflecting/Crabbing Cavity Applications in Accelerators, Shanghai, April 23-25, 2008 FAST STRIPLINE INJECTION KICKERS