Demonstration of exponential growth and saturation at VUV wavelengths at the TESLA Test Facility Free-Electron Laser. P. Castro for the TTF-FEL team
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1 Demonstration of exponential growth and saturation at VUV wavelengths at the TESLA Test Facility Free-Electron Laser P. Castro for the TTF-FEL team
2 100 nm 1 Å FEL radiation TESLA Test Facility at DESY undulator radiation Low Energy Undulator Test Line at ANL existing undulator facilities Photon
3 Free Electron Lasers (FEL) (resonant configuration) (Madey 1971) mirror electron beam undulator mirror L optical cavity electron bunch distance: 2L small gain! many passes
4 Self Amplified Spontaneous Emission (SASE) (Kondratenko and Saldin,1980) saturation spontaneous radiation exponential increase high gain! single pass! no mirrors! every wavelength possible!
5 High gain FEL requires: high particle density: - small transverse emittances - high peak current - small energy spread good overlap electrons-photons! linear accelerator
6 TESLA Collaboration: more than 45 institutes in 10 countries are involved in the TESLA Project goals: - a 500 GeV c.m. e-/e+ linear collider - a X-ray FEL facility
7 The TESLA Test Facility phase I rf-gun preaccelerator bunch compressor 1.3 GHz superconducting Nb cavities (T = 2K) low frequency (1.3 GHz) large diameter! small wakefields low rf peak power long rf pulses (800 µs)
8 RF gun (FNAL) main parameters for FEL operation: beam energy: 4 MeV bunch charge: 2-3 nc norm. emittance: 10π mm mrad (projected) bunch length: ~1 mm 1.6 cell cavity, 1.3 GHz laser driven, CsTe cathode RF pulse length: 0.8 ms Repetition rate: up to 10 Hz RF power: up to 2.9 MW Acc. gradient: up to 40 MV/m 2
9 Magnetic bunch compression simulation long. phase space tail particle, more momentum head particle, less momentum bending magnet long. bunch profile peak current ka, duration fs
10 Long. bunch profile measurements streak camera measurements of dipole radiation with a bandpass filter 515 ± 5 nm coherent transition radiation interferometry long. phase space tomography Intensity [Counts/pixel] Date: P R single H 60 D meas. F N T 40 B L 20 0 all 250 Intensity [Counts/pixel] 40 1 ps (FWHM) - Tomography 20 average Time [ps]
11 The TESLA Test Facility phase I undulator period length: λ u = 27.3 mm magnetic peak field: B = 0.46 T cathode laser 15 m high gain FEL requires: long undulator 3 modules of 4.5 m precise magnetic field integrated focusing corrector coils (steerers) steerers
12 The TESLA Test Facility phase I rf-gun preaccelerator bunch compressor superconducting cavities undulator magnet FEL beam photon diagnostics area cathode laser main parameters for FEL operation: beam energy: MeV bunch charge: 2-3 nc norm. emittance: 6π mm mrad (slice) peak current: 1.3 ka electron dump
13 Amplification of high-gain FEL along undulator Courtesy of M. Yurkov radiation pulse energy 1x10-4 1x10-5 TTF FEL saturation September 10, 2001 λ = λ 98.1 = nm 98.1 nm L g = 0.68 m E sat = 90 µj Saturation E [J] High-gain Exponential linear growth regime 10-8 Spont. emission z [m]
14 Transverse coherence slit width: 200 microns 1 mm 3 mm 0.5 mm
15 Measured spectral distribution 4 Series of single shot spectra 4 Average of 100 pulses Intensity [arb. units] Wavelength [nm] Time number of long. modes: M Wavelength [nm]
16 TTF FEL: ability to tune the length of radiation pulse (indirect measurement) compressor settings 1: long. modes: M 2-3 τlen ~ 50 fs compressor settings 2: long. modes: M 6-10 τlen ~ 100 fs
17 Full start-to-end beam dynamics simulation rf-gun preaccelerator bunch compressor undulator magnet FEL beam ASTRA TraFiC 4 elegant FAST ASTRA (DESY) - space charge dominated electron beams TraFiC 4 (DESY) - self-consistent coherent synchrotron rad. effects elegant (Argonne Natl. Lab.) - electron beam tracking with wakefields FAST (DESY/JINR) - fast SASE FEL code for parameter optimization
18 TESLA Test Facility Linac schedule FEL linac R&D FEL linac R&D construction TTF 2 c omm issioning SATURATION time first lasing 23 MV/m HOM 800 µs train NOW
19 The TESLA Test Facility phase II rf-gun bunch compressor undulator FEL beam cathode laser superconducting cavities electron beam energy to 1 GeV! 3 additional accelerating modules tunable in the soft X-ray region (120-6nm)! 30 m undulator required electron dump
20 1000 TESLA with X-ray user facility X-rays: 25 nm nm proposal pending, 2010? Electron Beam Energy [MeV] FEL at TTF phase II (2004) soft X-rays: 60-6 nm user facility FEL at TTF phase I ( ) proof-of-principle for SASE in the VUV first lasing 2/2001, saturation 9/2002 Saturation FEL Wavelength [nm]
21 TTF phase 1 TTF phase 2 (extension) FEL experimental hall
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