Accelerator Complex U70 of IHEP-Protvino: Status and Upgrade Plans
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1 INSTITUTE FOR HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS () Protvino, Moscow Region, , Russia Accelerator Complex U70 of -Protvino: Status and Upgrade Plans (report 4.1-1) Sergey Ivanov, on behalf of the U70 staff September 30, st RuPAC of 24
2 Contents Generalities Routine operation Proton beam: L feedbacks RF gymnastics T (local) feedback Extraction systems Deuteron beam: Alvarez DTL I100 BTL I100 - U1.5 Injection into U1.5 U1.5 machine proper U70 en route to light ions Conclusion September 30, st RuPAC of 24
3 Layout of accelerator complex U70 experimental area October 14, years to U70 4 machines: 2 p-linacs 2 p-synchrotrons September 30, st RuPAC of 24
4 Photo album of machines RFQ DTL URAL30 Alvarez DTL I100 RC PS U1.5 PS U70 September 30, st RuPAC of 24
5 Goals of activity 3 goals: Regular runs: stable operation and high beam availability Improve p-beam quality (lower ε, higher N, up to p p p) Implement light-ion program, q/a = Convert the U70 complex into a universal hadron accelerator (& storage ring) for applied and basic fixed-target research September 30, st RuPAC of 24
6 Routine operation Statistics: Once or twice a year hr long run 1 week long MD pre-session 50 GeV ( 20% in overall power consumption w. r. t. 70 GeV) Beam availability 83 84% for experimental physics 1 st attempt to accelerate d through I100 and U1.5 September 30, st RuPAC of 24
7 Longitudinal feedbacks (1) Accelerating system GRAPHITE, 40 ferrite-loaded 1-gap cavities, RF MHz, 10 kv/gap 6 FB loops: A (AVC) T (AFC) BL R P AB 40 1 September 30, st RuPAC of 24
8 Longitudinal feedbacks (2) Loops A and T: Up-to-date circuit and hardware solutions More robust control over voltage and frequency programs Extended dynamic tuning range Reliability of operation Details in a RuPAC-2008: C8-5 Markin A.M. et al. Upgrade of Feedback Loops in Accelerating Cavities of U70 Amplitude control: Dynamic range kv instead of 1 10 kv Base-band AM bandwidth from 3 to 50 khz at 3 db (for reference, synchrotron frequency 1.4 khz (γ < γ tr ), 100 Hz (γ > γ tr )) Closing the AB loop, 1 st run of 2008 a 2-channel option by the 2 nd run of 2008 Loop P: Elimination of a cross-talk bunch peak current RF phase detector read-outs September 30, st RuPAC of 24
9 Beam quality, longitudinally DC CT PU Bunch length 12.2 ns Peak power TW V RF peak D without 200 MHz spill cavity below γ 50 GeV Bunch length (FW@0.9) 36 ns ns Momentum spread Δp/p ± ± NEW PROBLEMS: Bunched beam circulation at 50 GeV Efficacy of SE (SSE) of around 80% Vertical size/stability of beam September 30, st RuPAC of 24
10 RF gymnastics (1) Momentum, normalized π Phase-plane portrait of a bunch π 0 Computation vs. beam observation: synchrotron frequency = 100 Hz, bunch = 30 ns, drift = 5 ms, rotation 1 = 0.5 ms, rotation 2 = 3 ms, scan-to-scan = 0.5 ms RF phase 3 2 Line density RF phase September 30, st RuPAC of 24
11 RF gymnastics (2) 1 ms 15.8 ns 0.2 ms 5.0 ns OUTCOME: a smooth control via VCO in ms over A = A 0 (K 1/K), Δp/p = Δp/p 0 (1/KK) with K = 2 3 optional bunch length for a fast 1-turn extraction safely, >1 TW of peak beam power transported optional Δp/p of a de-bunched (test) beam de-bunching time at extraction flat-top a straightforward hardware implementation: t on+40khz, t off+40khz, t FE /t off6mhz a built-in option foreseen in a new VCO design (protons + ions) September 30, st RuPAC of 24
12 Transverse (local) feedback SS MHz ±35.0 kv SS2 Details in a RuPAC-2008: A3-8 Lebedev O.P. et al. Narrow-Band Feedback System to Damp Transverse Coherent Oscillations of Beam in U70 35 khz f 0 H: khz, ±45 V: khz Damping factor = 100 w. r. t. natural September 30, st RuPAC of 24
13 Extraction systems Fast single-turn, 1 29 p-bunches, up to p p p, about 90% efficiency Slow resonant, up to p p p, spill to GeV Conventional, actuation via magnetic optics, lens Q38 Stochastic, actuation via RF 200 MHz, since 2006 Secondary particles from internal targets Bent crystal (Si) deflectors, p p p, about 85% efficiency Details in an oral RuPAC-2008 : Chesnokov Yu. et al. Review of Studies and Application of Bent Crystals for Beam Steering at U s long parallel slow extraction SSE IT#27 Extraction of 63% in 2.9 s. σ = 0.40, duty factor Ф 2 / Ф 2 = No lines of mains harmonics September 30, st RuPAC of 24
14 Light ions: I100 (ion gas source) p, d ion gun (duoplasmatron) + fast chopper Details in a RuPAC-2008 : B4-1 Antipov Yu.M. et al. Deuteron Beam Acceleration at Linac I-100 and Booster TOF: F cup 3 m HV platform to +750 kv control over q/a content ма p p d N 2 +,O 2 + p N +, O + N 2+,O нс 2 15 ма d 5 μs 16.7 MeV/u September 30, st RuPAC of 24
15 Light ions: I100 (laser SS C ion source) laser (CO 2, 2.7 J, 10 μm, 0.25 Hz) IGP of RAS laser (, 10 Hz) С(+1) C(+2) C(+3) C(+4) C(+5) C(+6) C +5 C +4 C +3 C +2 Beam of C entry toi exit from I100 September 30, st RuPAC of 24
16 Light ions: I100 (RFQ fore-injector ) kv 140 R656 A3 1: (to 750) kv 286 kev/u September 30, st RuPAC of 24
17 Light ions: I100 proper Pulsed current of exit, ma period = βλ (2βλ, ) I ИД-МАРКИН-1,mA 5,0 4,5 4,0 3,5 3,0 2,5 2,0 1,5 1,0 0,5 0,0 U ИТ-800, kv π-mode, p (h = 1) 4π-mode, d, C (h = 2) β h = β 1 /h G h = G 1 /(h q/a) (Vg) h = (Vg) 1 /(h 2 q/a) (Vg) h = V h g h 1/3 < q/a < 1/2 1 st MD run of Fore-injector voltage, kv 555 kv 585 kv 570 kv 15 ма d 5 μs 16.7 MeV/u September 30, st RuPAC of 24
18 Light ions: BTL I100 - U m long 4 bends 8 quads 3 H/V-correctors beam diagnostics Commissioned with 72.7 MeV p ( ) and 16.7 MeV/u d ( ) September 30, st RuPAC of 24
19 Light ions: U1.5 (1) Reassemble SS#9 of U1.5 and update other equipment: A wider dipole New vacuum chamber Away 1 RF cavity of 9 (now, a spare unit) 177 mrad septum magnet with its PSU 23 mrad kicker magnet with its PSU The other ancillary equipment New RF master oscillator Extra capacitive loads to 8 RF cavities Improved (though, partially) beam diagnostics, ; p; MeV; ppb; 35% through U1.5 September 30, st RuPAC of 24
20 Light ions: U1.5 (2) ; d; MeV/u; ppb; 34% through U khz 1.18 T, MHz p khz 1.18 Т, MHz d September 30, st RuPAC of 24
21 Overall: from I100 to U1.5 1 st MD run of 2008 Exit from I100 Exit from BTL 1 st turn Circulation Start of acceleration Extraction p, MeV 48 ma 20 ma 15 ma TOTAL: p U1.5 /ma I100, IN-OUT U1.5 = 18% d, MeV/u 15 ma 9.6 ma 8 ma TOTAL: d U1.5 /ma I100, IN-OUT U1.5 = 34% OUTCOME: Quality p from I100 yet to be improved Good quality of d beam Further improvement of fast injection kicker magnet PM3 is required 2-turn injection scheme for d, С should be assessed Beam capture efficiency and excessive momentum spread (a de-buncher cavity) September 30, st RuPAC of 24
22 Towards light ions in U70 (1) 1 st MD of 2008: beam test with a stand-alone DC power supply unit for the U70 ring magnet Goal: cheap MD runs (1.32 GeV p, 0.45 GeV/u d, C); storage/stretcher ring of light ions 450 MeV/u; medical applications of C beams Preliminary job: long-line impedance measurements, two competitive DC PSUs 2 PSU: building #10, А and (building #175, А ) Experimental studies: and L1 L L121 L Adc I1 L1 L L121 L km 354 ± 0.05 Gauss September 30, st RuPAC of 24
23 Towards light ions in U70 (2) DC CT τ = 4 s 8 s 4 s 50 s PU peak D ϕ D 4 s V RF Significant difference in τ of bunched vs. un-bunched beams Vacuum conditions are better than expected Dynamical reasons of shortening τ: Coulomb betatron tune shift, effect of local beam charge density, 30/ = 18 Synchro-betatron resonances, mq x + nq y +(pq s ) = k Dynamic aperture (distortions of the CO, WP, etc) PROBLEMS: residual D field due to G and S correction circuits September 30, st RuPAC of 24
24 Conclusion Accelerator complex U70 of -Protvino readily ensures running the fixed-target physics program, is subject to ongoing upgrade program, has noticeably improved quality of proton beam, on a way towards accelerating light-ions to 34 GeV per nucleon. Accelerator side of light-ion program well advances: by the 1 st half of 2008, 455 MeV/u deuterons were made available from U1.5 September 30, st RuPAC of 24
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