GNSS: CNS Dependencies

Transcription

1 GNSS: CNS Dependencies Lendina Smaja DATM/RDS/NAV 10 March 2015

2 Agenda The Future Technical Environment GNSS GNSS Supporting CNS Loss of Signal Impact GNSS: CNS Dependencies 2

3 Original FANS CNS/ATM Concept Navigation Communication Surveillance Air Traffic Management GNSS: CNS Dependencies 3

4 Future Navigation Environment Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) Multi-mode Receiver ILS MLS En-route GBAS Landing GNSS: CNS Dependencies 4

5 Future Communications Environment Aeronautical Mobile Satellite Service (AMSS) VHF Data and Voice LDACS? AeroMACS Aeronautical Telecommunication Network GNSS: CNS Dependencies 5

6 Future Surveillance Environment Automatic Dependent Surveillance Contract (ADS-C) and space based ADS Broadcast (ADS-B) ADS-C ADS-B Mode S Extended Squitter Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) Multilateration (MLAT) GNSS: CNS Dependencies 6

7 Agenda The Future Technical Environment GNSS GNSS Supporting CNS Loss of Signal GNSS: CNS Dependencies 7

8 GPS Status SVs Launched Block IIF Block IIR-M Block IIR Block IIA Block II (9 launched) Block I IOC FOC (11 launched) Launch Failure Decommissioned ( but transmitting ) Operational Planned Launch Year GNSS: CNS Dependencies 8

9 GLONASS Status Kosmos No. GLONASS Standard - Obsolete GLONASS M 7 year design life GLONASS K 10 year design life STATUS Operational Spare Maintenance Under check by manufacturer Not Yet Operational Launch Dates Obsolete Operational Launch Failure Planned Launch GNSS: CNS Dependencies 9

10 Galileo Status SVs Launched FOC IOV SVs injected into wrong orbit Tx on E1 only due to hardware issues GIOVE Launch Failure Decommissioned Operational Planned Launch GNSS: CNS Dependencies 10 Year

11 Satellite Augmentation Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS 1) GPS, GLONASS ABAS SBAS GBAS Backbone Integrity monitoring only Continental (wide) area Series of corrections for each SV Improves accuracy and provides integrity Supports down to LPV Local Area Single time correction per SV Improves accuracy and provides integrity Supports Precision approach (CAT I only today) EGNOS WAAS MSAS GAGAN SDCM SBAS Satellite Navigation Systems GPS, GLONASS ABAS RAIM/AAIM/A-RAIM GBAS LAAS SCAT 1 PALS GBAS GNSS: CNS Dependencies 11

12 Agenda The Future Technical Environment GNSS GNSS Supporting CNS Loss of Signal GNSS: CNS Dependencies 12

13 GNSS in Communications GNSS: CNS Dependencies 13

14 GNSS in Navigation Precision Approach Flight Phase Operational Concept Target Date Current Situation Required Performance Enabling Systems EASA Certification Documentation En-Route RNAV 5 (B-RNAV) 1998 Mandatory +/- 5NM (95%) VOR/DME/ GPS*/ INS* AMC 20-4 Arrival/Departure RNAV 1 ( P-RNAV) Implementation +/- 1NM (95%) DME/GPS (TGL10 Rev 1) RNP APCH 2006 Implementation +/- 0.3NM (95%) GPS AMC RNP AR APCH Individual Implementation Implementation Depends on required accuracy <0.3NM (95%) GPS AMC Approach / Landing APV Baro 2008 Implementation +/- 0.3NM (95%) GPS/Baro AMC HAL +/- 40m (10-7 ) GPS + SBAS APV SBAS 2010 Implementation 1 AMC VAL +/- 50m (10-7 ) (EGNOS) GBAS CAT I Concept ICAO SARPs GPS + GBAS / GBAS CAT II/III Concept TBD GPS + GBAS / GNSS: CNS Dependencies 14

15 Precision Approach - ILS, LPV, GLS Characteristics ILS: Signal limited to a sector, provides a fixed path and therefore not an area navigation system Outside the sector ILS can not be used for airborne location or guidance SBAS: Regional augmentation Supports LPV FAS in aircraft s NavDB GBAS: Local augmentation Currently supports CAT I FAS transmitted by ground station SBAS & GBAS signals not limited to a single sector and therefore can be theoretically used for position estimation and flight guidance in a large area In practice, there may be limitations with LPV and GLS deviations normally presented to the flight crew as an ILS look-alike depending on the avionic solution. GNSS: CNS Dependencies 15

16 GNSS in Surveillance Automatic Dependent Surveillance using ADS-C GNSS: CNS Dependencies 16

17 GNSS Supporting Future Surveillance Applications Airborne Surveillance Assistance Systems using ADS-B GNSS: CNS Dependencies 17

18 GNSS Supporting Future Operational Applications - SESAR Merging at correct spacing In-trail (follow ac in front) instruction: maintain XX seconds Enhanced Visual Separation on Approach: helping to identify the traffic to follow Reduced Wake Separation due to adapted GPA Detect and prevent runway incursions GNSS: CNS Dependencies 18

19 Agenda The Future Technical Environment GNSS GNSS Supporting CNS Loss of Signal GNSS: CNS Dependencies 19

20 Could GPS Fail? Unintentional Solar Flares Radiation (8 min) Radio storms Space Weather Probability? Coronal Mass Ejection Solar energetic particles (30 min) Radiation storms Coronal Holes Ionized plasma (1-4 days) Geomagnetic Storms Intentional Who? Why? Credit: NASA Impact Localised? Wide area? $39 GNSS: CNS Dependencies 20

21 And if GPS Fails Impact on Aviation? Time Slot Coordination Lost? Dependent Surveillance Lost? Separation Assurance Lost? Navigation Solution Lost? Time Coordination Lost? GNSS: CNS Dependencies 21

22 Mitigations? Solar activity Use of dual frequency receivers: Options: GPS III Fleet equipage Cycle 24 Single frequency Single constellation Cycle 25 Multi constellation Dual frequency Galileo GLONASS Beidou Use of multi constellation receivers for SV availability? Constellation available GPS single frequency GPS (US) dual frequency Galileo (EU) dual frequency Glonass (Russia) dual frequency Beidou (China) dual frequency Dual constellation (or more), dual frequency for aviation (L1/L5/L3/E5A/E5B) should be operational from What is the reversion prior to MC/MF? But which solution will be required for the region? The European A/C fleet will not be significantly equipped for the 25th solar cycle ( ). GNSS: CNS Dependencies 22

23 Oceanic/Remote Continental Separation Standards Lateral Longitudinal Nav Performance 60NM 50NM 30NM 15NM? 80NM (in lieu 10 mins) 50NM 30NM Direct controller-pilot comms or CPDLC MNPS RNP10, RNP 4, RNP2 with direct controller pilot comms (DCPC) RNP4, RNP2 with CPDLC and ADS-C (14 min reporting) RNP2 with CPDLC and ADS-C Time Slot Coordination Lost Navigation Solution Lost Dependent Surveillance Lost enter your presentation title 23

24 Final Thought CNSS - Spectrum Challenges GPS is actively engaged with other GNSS Ensuring RF compatibility in increasingly crowded GNSS bands Maximizing benefit of interoperability thru use of common civil signals (e.g. L1C) Lower L Band Upper L Band S Band Frequency (MHz) L5 (2009) L5 L3 (2011) L2 E5A E5B E Frequency (MHz) L2 GPS Current GLONASS SBAS Galileo QZSS IRNSS BEIDOU Proposed GLONASS Frequency (MHz) GNSS: CNS Dependencies 24 L1 L1 L

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