Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS)
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1 Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) Pat Norris MRAeS, FRIN LogicaCMG Business Development Manager Chairman, RAeS Space Group LogicaCMG All rights reserved
2 2 Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Pat Norris; European ATM: the Challenge of Growth, RAeS, London 30 May 2006 Plan of the presentation ATM Plans for using GNSS GPS GLONASS Galileo
3 3 Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Pat Norris; European ATM: the Challenge of Growth, RAeS, London 30 May 2006 Plan of the presentation ATM Plans for using GNSS GPS GLONASS Galileo
4 4 Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Pat Norris; European ATM: the Challenge of Growth, RAeS, London 30 May 2006 ATM Plans for using GPS some recent updates ADS-B is central to the FAA s Next Generation Air Transport System: by 2014 plans to install 400 ADS-B ground stations, full roll-out by 2020 and switch off 125 ATC radars 40 prototypes now working on the East Coast & Alaska will be mandatory, but no NPRM yet (Marion Blakey, May 2006) ADS-B being rolled out in Australia above 30,000 ft CRISTAL ADS-B demonstrations in Europe FAA recently announced extension of WAAS to LPV 200: procedures to be published in 2007 EGNOS to reach operational qualification stage in March 2007
5 5 Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Pat Norris; European ATM: the Challenge of Growth, RAeS, London 30 May 2006 Plan of the presentation ATM Plans for using GNSS GPS GLONASS Galileo
6 How does GNSS Work? 6 Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Pat Norris; European ATM: the Challenge of Growth, RAeS, London 30 May 2006
7 7 Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Pat Norris; European ATM: the Challenge of Growth, RAeS, London 30 May 2006 Alternative satellite navigation concepts the US Navy Transit system popularised an alternative approach to determining position using satellites this approach uses the change in the Doppler shift of a radio beacon to provide positioning information that concept is still operational in the SARSAT/COSPAS emergency location system
8 How Accurate is GPS? 10 m 1 m 1 cm 1 mm 8 Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Pat Norris; European ATM: the Challenge of Growth, RAeS, London 30 May 2006
9 Selective Availability Reduced to Zero 9 Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Pat Norris; European ATM: the Challenge of Growth, RAeS, London 30 May 2006
10 10 Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Pat Norris; European ATM: the Challenge of Growth, RAeS, London 30 May 2006 GPS Modernization Path Increasing System Capabilities Increasing Defense / Civil Benefit Block IIA/IIR Basic GPS Std Service (16-24m SEP) Single frequency (L1) Coarse acquisition (C/A) code navigation Precise Service (16m SEP) Y-Code (L1Y & L2Y) Y-Code navigation Block IIR-M, IIF IIR-M: IIA/IIR capabilities plus 2nd civil signal (L2C) M-Code (L1M & L2M) Eliminates SA for denial Anti-jam flex power IIF: IIR-M capability plus 3rd civil signal (L5) Anti-jam flex power Block III Block IIIA: Increased anti-jam power Increased security Increased accuracy Navigation surety Backward compatibility Assured availability Controlled integrity System survivability 4th civil signal (L1C)
11 11 Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Pat Norris; European ATM: the Challenge of Growth, RAeS, London 30 May 2006 GPS Civil Signals 1 st Civil Block II/IIA/IIR L 5 L 2 L 1 L2C C/A C/A 2 nd Civil Block IIR-M I 5 L2C C/A 3 rd Civil Block IIF Q 5 L2C C/A L1C (TBR) 4 th Civil Block III Q 5 I MHz 1227 MHz 1575 MHz
12 12 Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Pat Norris; European ATM: the Challenge of Growth, RAeS, London 30 May 2006 Space-Based Augmentation Systems EGNOS in Europe, WAAS in the USA, MSAS in Japan WAAS EGNOS MSAS Related systems planned in India, China, Russia
13 13 Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Pat Norris; European ATM: the Challenge of Growth, RAeS, London 30 May 2006 Plan of the presentation ATM Plans for using GNSS GPS GLONASS Galileo
14 14 Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Pat Norris; European ATM: the Challenge of Growth, RAeS, London 30 May 2006 History and Perspectives of the GLONASS Constellation SV in constellation SV in constellation GLONASS GLONASS Deployment Deployment Program. Program. History History and and Progress. Progress GLONASS Initial Operation Capability GLONASS Initial Operation Capability (12 SV, 3 year life-time. Decree of the (12 SV, 3 year life-time. Decree of the Prsident of рпс). Prsident of рпс) Planned GLONASS deployment program Planned GLONASS deployment program according to the Federal GLONASS Program according to the Federal GLONASS Program GLONASS GLONASS deployment deployment milestones: milestones: satellites satellites in in constellation constellation satellites satellites in in constellation constellation GLONASS-M Flight Test GLONASS-M Flight Test (7 years life-time) (7 years life-time) GLONASS-K Flight Test GLONASS-K Flight Test (10 years life-time) (10 years life-time) Source: Glonass
15 15 Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Pat Norris; European ATM: the Challenge of Growth, RAeS, London 30 May 2006 GLONASS Performance Problems of pure present GLONASS performances new satellite outdated ground control assets limited area for orbit tracking (Russian territory) time keeping system needs to be modernized SISRE,m GLONASS GPS Source: Glonass The GLONASS Accuracy Improvement Program is in implementation
16 16 Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Pat Norris; European ATM: the Challenge of Growth, RAeS, London 30 May 2006 GLONASS Modernization Plan GLONASS GLONASS-M GLONASS-K GLONASS-KM Developer NPO PM Producer PO Polyot Total launched 81 SV Ordered 1 SV In orbit 12 SV Life-time 3 years Developer NPO PM Producer NPO PM Ordered 8 SV In orbit 2 SV To be ordered 6 Life-time 7 years 2 nd civil signal Developer NPO PM D&D phase To be ordered up to 27 SV Life-time 10 years 3 rd civil signal Requirement definition since 2002 г. Ground control segment modernization Navigation (OD$TS) system modernization GLONASS augmentation system implementation System certification for safety of life applications Navigation service market development Search and Rescue service implementation Supplementary functions (TBD) Source: Glonass
17 17 Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Pat Norris; European ATM: the Challenge of Growth, RAeS, London 30 May 2006 Plan of the presentation ATM Plans for using GNSS GPS GLONASS Galileo
18 18 Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Pat Norris; European ATM: the Challenge of Growth, RAeS, London 30 May 2006 The European Galileo System 30 satellites in 3 orbital planes 120 apart 27 operational plus 3 in-orbit spares Inclination 56 Altitude ~22,900 km Period ~14 hours In-Orbit Validation (IOV): 2 prototype satellites 4 pre-op tnl satellites
19 19 Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Pat Norris; European ATM: the Challenge of Growth, RAeS, London 30 May 2006 GALILEO Architecture Satellite Constellation. C-band Tx S-band Tx/Rx 30 Sensor Stations Worldwide Users Global Ground Segment Control Centres 5 TT&C Stations 2 10 Uplink Stations IOV configuration: 2x TT&C 5x ULS 12x GSS 1x GCC
20 The Customer 17 Member States PB/Navigation European Space Agency GJU Supervisory Board 25 Member States Transport Council European Commission GSA GJU ESA responsible for IOV GSA = Galileo Supervisory Authority GJU = Galileo Joint Undertaking IOV = In-Orbit Validation PB = Programme Board 20 Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Pat Norris; European ATM: the Challenge of Growth, RAeS, London 30 May 2006
21 21 Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Pat Norris; European ATM: the Challenge of Growth, RAeS, London 30 May 2006 Galileo Key Features Global, European-led under civil control Independent but compatible & interoperable with GPS A wide range of services to be offered Galileo is open to international partnerships
22 22 Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Pat Norris; European ATM: the Challenge of Growth, RAeS, London 30 May 2006 Current Services Definition Open Service (OS) free of direct user charges Commercial Service (CS) added value services Safety-of-Life Service (SoL) with high integrity signals & fault indication Public Regulated Service (PRS) government encrypted signals Search & Rescue Service (SAR) for people in distress
23 GNSS Frequencies GPS GLONASS E4 E1 E2 GALILEO L5 E5 L2 G2 E6 L1 G1 C MHz 1215 MHz 1260 MHz 23 Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Pat Norris; European ATM: the Challenge of Growth, RAeS, London 30 May MHz 1559 MHz 1610 MHz 5010 MHz 5030 MHz
24 24 Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Pat Norris; European ATM: the Challenge of Growth, RAeS, London 30 May 2006 Frequencies and Services OS/SoL PRS CS E1 E2 E1 E2 E5b E6 E1 E2 E5a E MHz 5010 MHz 1610 MHz 1559 MHz 1300 MHz 1260 MHz 1215 MHz 1164 MHz
25 GNSS Development Schedules (at Sept. 05) FY Space Segment GPS New Services GPS IIR 1st IIR-M GPS IIR-M IIR-M - 8 1st IIF GPS IIF L5 R&D IIF 19 IOC FOC GPS III Launches GPS III/Hi Power M Code/L1C IOC FOC IOC FOC Source: USAF Sep L2C/M Code/Flex Power Galileo GSTB V2 IOV Phase 26 Galileo Launches FOC Source: LD s Best Guess Galileo 2 Glonass 9 SVs (IOC) 24 (FOC) L2 2 nd nd Civil signal M E5B 3 rd rd Civil signal Basic Integrity 25 Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Pat Norris; European ATM: the Challenge of Growth, RAeS, London 30 May 2006 K Source: GLONASS Sep 05
26 26 Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Pat Norris; European ATM: the Challenge of Growth, RAeS, London 30 May 2006 Legal framework & issues Air Navigation Service Providers have to be certified by their National Supervisory Authority: Requiring financial strength plus liability & insurance cover so the Galileo service provider may have to be certified as an ANSP Galileo may have significant impact on air traffic operations and thereby incur liabilities by: providing erroneous position information without warning, or failing to provide position information incorrect positioning without warning (integrity failure) has a very low probability of loss of 10-7 per hour or per approach, but has the potential to be catastrophic and could be experienced over a wide area integrity failures call for high levels of insurance or institutional liability coverage
27 27 Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Pat Norris; European ATM: the Challenge of Growth, RAeS, London 30 May 2006 Concluding remarks the operational phase of Galileo will be the responsibility of a concession contractor under a private finance initiative arrangement with the Galileo Supervisory Authority the two short-listed bidders have now merged Inmarsat is the UK shareholder in the resulting consortium first demonstration satellite, Giove-A, is now in orbit built by Surrey Satellite Technology Ltd in Guildford operational date ~2012 Hydrogen Maser clock for Galileo
28 QUESTIONS? 28 Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), Pat Norris; European ATM: the Challenge of Growth, RAeS, London 30 May 2006
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