Available online at ScienceDirect. Energy Procedia 74 (2015 )

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1 Available online at ScienceDiect Enegy Pocedia 74 (015 ) Intenational Confeence on Technologies and Mateials fo Renewable Enegy, Envionment and Sustainability, TMREES15 Wate Puification by a lamp Dischage -Electonic Ballast System using a full bidge invete. A. Aissa-Bokhtache a,b, A. Zegaoui a, B. Belmadani a, MS. Bouchit b a GEER Laboatoy, Hassiba Benbouali Univesity, of Chlef 0000 Algeia b Contol pocesses laboatoy National Polytechnic School, Algies Algeia Abstact The pesence of pathogenic micooganisms in the wate poses a isk to the health of consumes of all ages. Wate conventional chemical teatments ae not always a good solution. Difficult to implement, they have the double disadvantage of denatuing the oganoleptic qualities of wate: by acting on its physico-chemical composition and ejection of polluted wate. Chloination teatment is geneally used to solve the bacteiological quality poblems of both unconventional dinking wate and teated wastewate. The use of chloination is inceasingly avoided due to the poduction of chloinated poducts of cacinogenic and to the little action on the vius. The seach fo altenative solutions has summaized in seveal studies. The use of "ultaviolet iadiation" is still inteesting altenative solution. Steilization system using U adiation is ecommended in health sevices, hospitals, phamacies, agicultue, aquaiums, wate extaction fom wells oainwate, etc. U adiation has a fast acting, efficient, safe and constitutes an economic pocess that espects the envionment. In ecent yeas, high-fequency electonic ballasts fo dischage lamps have been pesented as a substitute fo the magnetic ballast. because of thei supeio qualities such as high system pefomance (impoved powe facto), weight light, the light poduced pe watt, long sevice life, the function of lighting contol, non-flashing, non-pesence of audible noise and moe technical aspects and equiements, special attention must be given to costs of an electonic ballast. This pape pesents the design of a high fequency cuent powe supply (electonic ballast based PWM invete) to powe a low-pessue U lamp Mecuy-Agon which has a gemicidal effect fo wate teatment. So, the main pupose is to geneate maximum U at 53.7 nm (gemicidal effect) and this is achieved by having at the ballast output a sinusoidal cuent with a fequency of 50 KHz and ms value of 0.65 A. 015 The Authos. Published by by Elsevie Elsevie Ltd. Ltd. This is an open access aticle unde the CC BY-NC-ND license Pee-eview ( unde esponsibility of the Euo-Mediteanean Institute fo Sustainable Development (EUMISD). Pee-eview unde esponsibility of the Euo-Mediteanean Institute fo Sustainable Development (EUMISD) Keywods: ulta-violet adiation, low pessue mecuy-agon dischage, gemicide, electonic ballast, PWM invete, full bidge invete The Authos. Published by Elsevie Ltd. This is an open access aticle unde the CC BY-NC-ND license ( Pee-eview unde esponsibility of the Euo-Mediteanean Institute fo Sustainable Development (EUMISD) doi: /j.egypo

2 A. Aissa-Bokhtache et al. / Enegy Pocedia 74 ( 015 ) Intoduction In nomal opeating mode (ac egime), the dischage lamp shows a negative diffeential esisto. Theefoe, it is necessay limit the lamp cuent. Electical dischages ae not self-stabilizing, because the ionization of gaseous envionment, and theefoe the intensity of the allowed cuent tend to gow without limit [1]. Fo limiting this cuent, the necessay pesence of a ballast is a geneal chaacteistic. Radiative chaacteistics quality depends to the natue of the gas mixtue but it also highly depends on the dischage geomety and the supply chaacteistics such as fequency and the fom of the signal []. The equied conditions ae essentially as follows: [3] - Ensue a zeo aveage cuent opeating mode; - Ensue a fast switching peiod; - Impose to the dischage a quick e-piming at substantially constant cuents; - Able to opeate as a cuent souce within vaiable duty cycle and vaiable fequency.. Pinciple Figue 1 shows a possible ealization of this kind of souce which makes the invete as a high-fequency geneato [4], [5]: Fig.1. Schematic powe block of the studied system As indicated in figue 1, this souce is composed by: a single-phase ectifie, DC cicuit linking, a full bidge invete tansisto based, able to ensue fom 5kHz to 100kHz at its output and a esonant cicuit consisted by inducto L and capacito C in ode to achieve the lamp ignition. A filte is nomally added between the main teminals and the ectifie to fulfil egulations (EMC electomagnetic compatibility). An additional peheating cicuit is equied in ode to pevent the filaments damage [6], [7]. 3. Electonic ballast in full bidge Electonic ballast consisting of a full bidge invete can be used as shown in figue. The MOSFET is a component instead adapted to the low o medium powe applications (less than a few tens of kilowatts). It is often used in low supply voltage applications with switching fequencies that can eventually exceed 100 khz [8], [9], [10].

3 448 A. Aissa-Bokhtache et al. / Enegy Pocedia 74 ( 015 ) Fig.. Electonic ballast with full bidge invete. 4. Electical cicuit lamp model In figue 3, a poposed model of the electical cicuit lamp is shown. This model can epoduce sinceely the electical behaviou of the fluoescent lamp poweed by a high fequency electonic ballast [11]. The electical lamp is modeled by two esistos as indicated in figue 4. R ac esisto which depends on both powe and tempeatue of the ac lamp "and f esisto epesenting cathode filament [1], [13]. Fig. 3. The fluoescent lamp electical cicuit Model. Theefoe Rac i ac ac (1) And

4 A. Aissa-Bokhtache et al. / Enegy Pocedia 74 ( 015 ) P ac i ac ac () The lamp voltage can be calculated as follows [7]: Fig. 4. Equivalent system cicuit. f f ac f f lampe ac ( iac i) ac iacf 1 ac f iac j f jz f Z f Z Z ac (3) Theefoe f Lampe 1 ac f f Z Pac ac f Z j ac f Z (4) Z CP is the eactance of the C P capacito and I CP is cuent which flows though it. The esonant load cuent is in fact the sum of both ac cuent and filament cuent: i f iac i iac ac j f Z f Z Z Then the total powe of the lamp is obtained by: 3 f f P Re 1 Lampe ( ) ( ) i ac ac P ac Z Z f f f ac P Lampe ac (5) (6) As a esult, by calculating the tansfe function of the open loop system indicted in figue 4 we have: I ( R ) C C S C S ch (7) 3 ( R ) L C C S ch ac f p ac f p (R ) L C C L C S R C C S 1 ac f p ac f p

5 450 A. Aissa-Bokhtache et al. / Enegy Pocedia 74 ( 015 ) Simulation esults and discussions Simulations wee pefomed unde MATLAB/ POWERSIM envionment. The test lamp chaacteistics ae: the length of lamp tube is 1500 mm with an inne diamete of 36 mm. This tube contains agon gas at a pessue of 3 To. Also, ignition voltage anges between 300 and 350 v, ms ac voltage 111 v, ms ac cuent 0.65 A, the ac esisto R ARC values is Ω, the lamp filament esisto is f = 5 Ω and electic powe is so 65 W, [14], [15]. The electonic ballast, figue, is summaized in table1 [16], [17].18]. Table 1. Electonic ballast cicuit paametes CA f Output Powe L F C F L C C p 35, 50 HZ 50KHz 1.5 mh 1.5 mh 0 nf, mh 10 nf/ nF/1600 The wavefoms obtained ae as follows: in figue 5, we pesent in (a) the ac lamp voltage and the ac lamp cuent, in (b) zoom in ac lamp voltage and its coesponding THD and in (c) the zoom in ac cuent and its coesponding THD espectively. Fig. 5. Ac lamp paamettes : (a) voltage and cuent, (b) zoom fo voltage and THD and (c) zoom fo cuent and THD. Wheeas, figue 6 shows simulations esults elative to (a) the total ac lamp cuent, (b) cuent that passes though filaments and (c) its zoom. By analyzing figues 5 and 6, we can deduce that the cuent and voltage obtained have sinusoidal shapes with a fequency of 50 KHz. A cetain symmety in the wavefoms of the cuent and the lamp ac voltage, which is not the case fo the filament cuent (this is due to the electic model of the dischage lamp). The wavefoms of cuent and voltage ae closest to the sine wave (THD 6.39% fo both lamp cuent and lamp voltage). Ou taget was to achieve a cuent of exactly 0.65 A bu ou model has led to ms value of ac lamp cuent of 0.7 A. This esult imposes to pefom ou model by egulating this cuent in ode to each exactly the tageted ms value of 0.65A.

A. Aissa-Bokhtache et al. / Enegy Pocedia 74 ( 015 ) 446 45 451 Finally, we deduce that by ou model, it was possible to aive at satisfactoy esults to supply ou lamp.

6 A. Aissa-Bokhtache et al. / Enegy Pocedia 74 ( 015 ) Finally, we deduce that by ou model, it was possible to aive at satisfactoy esults to supply ou lamp. The esults allow us to obtain maximum U adiation at 53.7 nm fo decontamination by U-C ( nm). Ones eached U adiation will simply kill o inactivate gems without geneating toublesome chemical effluents to the envionment. 6. Conclusion Fig. 6. (a) Total ac cuent, (b) filament cuent and (c) its zoom. We have established the fundamentals of the study of the powe supply of ou dischage lamp (electonic ballast). The fist pat was devoted to the pesentation of the geneal stuctue of an electonic ballast (using a full bidge invete), to the model of the electical cicuit of the fluoescent lamp as well as highlighting the elative influences of diffeent paametes of electonic components constituting the electonic ballast. The electical behavio of the fluoescent lamp supplied by an HF electonic ballast can be modeled by a esisto which depends on both powe supply and tempeatue. The second pat of this aticle has been eseved fo simulations pefomed unde MATLAB envionment of the electonic ballast cicuit. The wavefoms of cuent and voltage ae close to the sine wave (THD equal to 6.39% fo both ac lamp cuent and ac lamp voltage) with fequency of 50 KHz. the esults wee in complete ageement with ou tagets. Refeences [1] aju D, Festila C, lad G. Dinking Wate Quality Impovement by Physical Methods, using Middle-Fequency Invetes. IEEE Intenational Confeence on Automation Quality and Testing Robotics 008; p.454: [] Gimes Amanda, Miglioe Nicole, Mitchell Michael, Sweetgall Joanna. Effects of Potable, Manually Poweed Ulta-violet Wate Teatment. Bioengineeing Confeence, 009 IEEE 35th Annual Notheast; p.1:. [3] Moo Chin S., Han C. Yen, Yaw C. Hsien, powe electonics laboatoy, depatment of electical engineeing, national Sun Yet-Sen univesity, Kaohsivng, Taiwan and Ching R.Lee. A fluoescent lamp model fo high-fequency electonic ballasts. Industy Applications Confeence, 000. Confeence Recod of the 000 IEEE; p : [4] Costache Coina Mongang. Etude d un système lampe à déchage Alimentation - Réacteu. Application au taitement tetiaie de l eau. Thèse de Doctoat de l univesité de Paul Sabatie Toulouse (000). [5] Feeo F.G., Cecilio Blanco, Peèz M.A., Manuela G.ega and Manuel R. Secades. A pspice model fo HPS lamps opeated at high fequency. Industy Applications Confeence, 000. Confeence Recod of the 000 IEEE; p. 343 : [6] Wang Wei, Sanjib Kuma Panda, Senio, Jian-Xin Xu, Senio. Contol of High Pefomance DC-AC Invetes Using Fequency Domain

7 45 A. Aissa-Bokhtache et al. / Enegy Pocedia 74 ( 015 ) Based Repetitive Contol. Intenational Confeence on Powe Electonics and Dives Systems, 005. IEEE PEDS 005; p. 44 : [7] Aissa Boukhtache A.; Commande d un système lampe à déchage-ballast électonique pou épuation des eaux. Thèse de magiste, Univesité Hassiba Ben Bouali Chlef (005). [8] Muhammad Faizal Abdullah, Shahid Iqbal. A Novel Single Phase DC-AC Invete. Student Confeence on Reseach and Development (SCOReD), 01 IEEE; p. 17: 177. [9] Ceccon G. B, Libano F. B, Canalli and Lima J. C. M, F. Dos Reis, R. Tonkoski J., Maizonave G. B, LoenzonL. C. i, Samanho U. Full Bidge Single Stage Electonic Ballast fo a 50 W, High Pessue Sodium Lamp. Powe Electonics Specialists Confeence, 005. PESC '05. IEEE 36th; p.1094: [10] Ray-Lee Lin, Jung-Pei Cheng, and Feng-Yin Chen. Self-Oscillating Full-Bidge Electonic Ballast with Constant-Lamp-Cuent Contol and No-Lamp-Potection Cicuit. Industy Applications Society Annual Meeting, 008. IAS '08. IEEE; p.1: 7. [11] Zhu P. Modelling of a high-fequency opeated fluoescent lamp in an electonic ballast envionment. Science, Measuement and Technology, IEE Poceedings. ol: 145, p. 111 : 116. IEEE [1] Oma M.H, Abdul Rahman H,.Majid M.S, Hassan M.Y, Rosmin N. The Reduction of Total Hamonic Distotion and Electomagnetic Intefeence in High Pessue Sodium Steet Lighting using Single Stage Electonic Ballast. Powe Engineeing and Optimization Confeence (PEDCO) Melaka, Malaysia, 01 IEEE Intenational. p. 30: 35. [13] Maamoun A. An Electonic Ballast with Powe Facto Coection fo Fluoescent Lamps. Canadian Confeence on Electical and Compute Engineeing, 000. IEEE 000.p. 385: [14] Jen-Cheng Hsieh and Jong-Lick Lin. Novel Single-Stage Self-Oscillating Dimmable Electonic Ballast with High Powe Facto Coection. Industial Electonics, IEEE Tansactions. p. 50: 6-58,.IEEE 011. [15] Mabat Bahim, Ghammam Abdeldjalil, Eloumi Hatem, Stambouli Mongi, J.J Damelincout. Alimentation en pseudo continu d une lampe à déchage mecue-agon basse pession utilisée pou poduie du ayonnement U. Univesité de. Paul Sabatie de Toulouse 003. [16] Helde C. Silva, Coêa Pinto Joào A., Enane A.A.cœlho, Baeto L.H.S.C., Luizc de Feitas, aldie J.Faias and Joàoieia J. High powe facto electonic ballast fo tubula fluoescent lamp. IEEE Intenational Symposium on Industial Electonics, 004; p. 1063: [17] Chun-An Cheng. A constant powe contolle of DC-AC Electonic Ballast Invete fo HID Lamps. Intenational Powe Electonics Confeence (IPEC), 010. p. 414: 419. [18] A Djuetic, MSca, M Kostic, PhDb. Compaison of electonic and conventional ballasts used in oadway lighting. Lighting Res. Technol. 014; p. 407:40-46.

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