Available online at ScienceDirect. Energy Procedia 74 (2015 )

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "Available online at ScienceDirect. Energy Procedia 74 (2015 )"

Agnes Miles
6 years ago
Views:

1 Available online at ScienceDiect Enegy Pocedia 74 (5 ) Intenational Confeence on Technologies and Mateials fo Renewable Enegy, Envionment and Sustainability, TMREES5 Cascaded Hbidge Asymmetical Sevenlevel Invete Using THIPWM fo High Powe Induction Moto R. Taleb a, *, D. Benyoucef a, M. Helaimi a, Z. Boudjemaa a, H. Saidi b a Electical Engineeing Depatment, Hassiba Benbouali Univesity, Chlef, Algeia Laboatoie Génie Electique et Enegies Renouvelables (LGEER) b Electical Engineeing Depatment, Univesity of Science and Technology of OanMohamed Boudiaf (USTOMB), Oan, Algeia Laboatoie d électonique de puissance d énegie solaie et d automatique (LEPESA) Abstact Multilevel invetes ae well used in high powe electonic applications because of thei ability to geneate a vey good quality of wavefoms, educing switching fequency, and thei low voltage stess acoss the powe devices. This pape pesents the Thid Hamonic Injection Pulse Width Modulation (THIPWM) stategy of a Sevenlevel Unifom Step Cascaded Hbidge Asymmetical Invete (7level USCHBAI). The THIPWM appoach is compaed to the wellknown Sinusoidal PWM (SPWM) stategy. Simulation esults demonstate the bette pefomances and technical advantages of the THIPWM contolle in feeding a High Powe Induction Moto (HPIM). 5 The The Authos. Published Published by Elsevie by Elsevie Ltd. Ltd. This is an open access aticle unde the CC BYNCND license ( Peeeview unde esponsibility of the EuoMediteanean Institute fo Sustainable Development (EUMISD). Peeeview unde esponsibility of the EuoMediteanean Institute fo Sustainable Development (EUMISD) Keywods: Sevenlevel Unifom Step Cascaded Hbidge Asymmetical Invete; Thid Hamonic Injection PWM; Sinusoidal PWM; High Powe Induction Moto.. Intoduction Invetes ae widely used in moden powe gids; a geat focus is theefoe made in diffeent eseach fields in ode to develop thei pefomance. Theelevel invetes ae now conventional appaatus but othe topologies have been * Coesponding autho. Tel.: () ; fax: (7) addess:.taleb@univchlef.dz The Authos. Published by Elsevie Ltd. This is an open access aticle unde the CC BYNCND license ( Peeeview unde esponsibility of the EuoMediteanean Institute fo Sustainable Development (EUMISD) doi:.6/j.egypo.5.7.8

2 R. Taleb et al. / Enegy Pocedia 74 ( 5 ) attempted this last decade fo diffeent kinds of applications. Among them, Neutal Point Clamped (NPC) invetes, flying capacitos invetes also called imbicated cells, and seies connected cells invetes called cascaded Hbidge invetes []. This pape is a study about a theephase multilevel convete based on seies connected single phase invetes (patial cells) in each phase. A multilevel convete with k patial invetes connected in seial is pesented by Fig.. In this configuation, each cell of ank j k is supplied by a dcvoltage souce u dj. It has been shown that feeding patial cells with unequal dcvoltages (asymmetic feeding) inceases the numbe of levels of the geneated output voltage without any supplemental complexity to the existing topology [4, 5]. These invetes ae efeed to as Cascaded Hbidge Asymmetical Multilevel Invetes o CHBAMI. a b c u d u d u d u d u d u d u dk u dk u dk O Fig.. Theephase stuctue of a multilevel convete with k Hbidge invetes seies connected pe phase Some applications such as active powe filteing need invetes with high pefomances [6]. These pefomances ae obtained if thee ae still any hamonics at the output voltages and cuents. Diffeent PulseWidth Modulation (PWM) contoltechniques have been poposed in ode to educe the esidual hamonics at the output and to incease the pefomances of the invetes [7, 8]. The most popula one is pobably the Sinusoidal PWM technique (SPWM) which shifts the hamonics to high fequencies by using highfequency caies [9, ]. To minimize the Total Hamonic Distotion (THD), and to incease the maximum amplitude fundamental of the output voltage of the CHBAMI, we have applied the Thid Hamonic Injection PWM stategy (THIPWM) []. In this study we compae the SPWM stategy and THIPWM stategy applied to the contol of a Sevenlevel Unifom Step Cascaded Hbidge Asymmetical Invete (7level USCHBAI). As well we compae the pefomances elated to the association 7level USCHBAIHPIM fo both stategies. Simulation esults demonstate the bette pefomances and technical advantages of the THIPWM contolle in feeding a high powe induction moto.. Unifom Step Cascaded Hbidge Asymmetical Multilevel Invete (USCHBAMI) Multilevel invetes geneate at the acteminal seveal voltage levels as close as possible to the input signal. Fig. fo example illustates the N voltage levels u s, u s...u sn composing a typical sinusoidal output voltage wavefom. The output voltage step is defined by the diffeence between two consecutive voltages. A multilevel convete has a unifom o egula voltage step, if the steps u between all voltage levels ae equal. In this case the step is equal to the smallest dcvoltage, u d [4]. This can be expessed by

3 846 R. Taleb et al. / Enegy Pocedia 74 ( 5 ) u u u u u u u u () d s s s s... sn s( N ) If this is not the case, the convete is called a non unifom step CHBAMI o iegula CHBAMI. An USCHBAMI is based on dcvoltage souces to supply the patial cells (invetes) composing its topology which espects to the following conditions: u u d dj u d... u j udl l dk () whee k epesents the numbe of patial cells pe phase and j... k. The numbe of levels of the output voltage can be deduced fom k u dj j N () This elationship fundamentally modifies the numbe of levels geneated by the multilevel topology. Indeed, the value of N depends on the numbe of cells pe phase and the coesponding supplying dcvoltages. u sn u s(n) u s.. θ θ θ p π/ π π/ π u s u s Fig.. Typical output voltage wavefom of a multilevel invete Equation () accepts diffeent solutions. With k fo example, thee ae two possible combinations of supply voltages fo the patial invetes in ode to geneate a level global output, i.e., (u d, u d, u d ) (,, 4), (,, ), and thee ae thee possible combinations to geneate a 5level global output, i.e., (u d, u d, u d ) (,, 5), (,, 4), (,, ). Fig. shows the possible output voltages of the two patial cells of the 7level USCHBAI with k. The dcvoltages of the two cells ae u d p.u. and u d p.u. The output voltages of each patial invete ae noted u p and u p and can take thee diffeent values: u p,, and u p,,. The esult is a geneated output voltage with 7levels: u s,,,,,,. Some levels of the output voltage can be geneated by diffeent commutation sequences. Fo example, thee ae two possible commutation sequences esulting in u s p.u.: (u p, u p ) (, ), (, ). The dashed lines in Fig. show the commutation sequence (u p, u p ) (, ). These edundant combinations can be selected in ode to optimize the switching pocess of the invete [5]. These diffeent possibilities offeed by the output voltage of the patial invetes, and the edundancies among them to delive a same output voltage level, can be consideed as degees of feedom which can be exploited in ode to optimize the use of a USCHBAMI.

4 R. Taleb et al. / Enegy Pocedia 74 ( 5 ) us up up pacial cells u p Fig.. Possible output voltages of each patial invete to geneate N 7 levels with k cells pe phase (u d p.u. and u d p.u). Multilevel Invetes Contol Stategies Among seveal modulation stategies, the multicaie subhamonic PWM technique has been eceiving an inceasing attention fo symmetical multilevel convetes [6]. This modulation method can also be used to contol asymmetical multilevel powe convetes. Othe kinds of modulation techniques can also be used in the case of CHBAMI. This section pesents the both stategies SPWM and THIPWM, these contol stategies will be compaed by compute simulations... Sinusoidal PulseWidth Modulation (SPWM) The SPWM is also known as the multicaie PWM because it elies on a compaison between a sinusoidal efeence wavefom and vetically shifted caie wavefoms. N caies ae theefoe equied to geneate N levels. The caies ae in continuous bands aound the zeo efeence. They have the same amplitude A c and the same fequency f c. The sine efeence wavefom has a fequency f and an amplitude A. At each instant, the esult of the compaison is if the tiangula caie is geate than the efeence signal and othewise. The output of the modulato is the sum of the diffeent compaisons which epesents the voltage level. The stategy is theefoe chaacteized by the two following paametes, espectively called the modulation index and the modulation ate [, 7]: f c m (4) f A N A (5) c The efeence voltages ae given as follows: u i u max sin( f t ( j ) ), ( i, j) ( a,), ( b, ), ( c, ) (6) We popose to develop a sevenlevel unifom step cascaded Hbidge asymmetical invete composed of k patial invetes pe phase with the following dcvoltage souces: u d p.u. and u d p.u.. The output voltages u pa and u pa of each patial invete, the esulting voltage u a fo the fist phase and its fequency epesentation ae pesented by Fig. 4 fo.85, with m 5 and 6.

5 848 R. Taleb et al. / Enegy Pocedia 74 ( 5 ) upa (p.u.) upa (p.u.) upa (p.u.) upa (p.u.) ua (p.u.) ua (p.u.) Ampl. / Fund Ampl. / Fund hamonic anks 4 5 hamonic anks We note that: Fig. 4. Output voltages of each patial invete, total output voltage u a and its fequency epesentation of the 7level USCHBAI contolled by the SPWM fo m 5 (left) and m 6 (ight) Fo odd m, we have symmety to, theefoe only the odd hamonics exist, fo even m, we have any symmety, so thee ae both, the odd hamonics and the even hamonics; The voltage hamonics ae gouped into centeed families aound multiple fequencies 6mf. The fist centeed family aound the mf fequency is the most impotant amplitude; Inceasing the modulation index m allows pushing the hamonics to high fequencies and theefoe easily filteed by the inductance of the induction moto... Thid Hamonic Injection Pulse Width Modulation (THIPWM) As hamonics with ank multiple thee ae null fo the lineline voltages of thee phase invetes, we can then inject these hamonics in the efeence voltages in ode to incease the maximum fundamental amplitude of the output voltage of the 7level USCHBAI. If we only inject the thid hamonic with an injection ate, the new efeence voltages will be: ui u i u max sin( t ) with i ( a, b, c) and f (7)

6 R. Taleb et al. / Enegy Pocedia 74 ( 5 ) To find the optimal value fo allowing u a (i a) to take its maximum value u max, it must that its deivative be null: dua d t u cos( t) u cos( t) (8) max max The solution of equation (8) yields: cos( t) 9 (9) The efeence voltage u a can also be set as follows: ua ( ) u sin( t) 4 u (sin( t)) max max () Substituting (9) into (), we get: u a max 8 u max (( ) ) () The optimal value of ate is equal to the maximum value of u amax, such that: d u a max d u max((6 ) ) ( ) () The value / is excluded because it cancels u amax, this leads us to the optimal value of the injection ate /6. The coesponding voltage u a u max (sin( t) (/6)sin( t)) has a zeo deivative and is maximum fo t / o /. (by contay, fo t /, thee is a minimum between two maxima). Theefoe we get, fo t /: ( ) u max ua max () Which gives u max.54u amax instead of u max u amax, an incease of 5.4%. Thus, the fundamental theoetical maximum amplitude of the output phase voltages passes u max with SPWM stategy to.54u max with THIPWM stategy. Figue 5 shows the signals equied fo geneating a voltage of a thee phase 7level USCHBAI Fig. 5. Diffeent signals THIPWM stategy of the 7level USCHBAI

7 85 R. Taleb et al. / Enegy Pocedia 74 ( 5 ) The output voltages u pa and u pa of each patial invete, the esulting voltage u a fo the fist phase and its fequency epesentation ae pesented by Fig. 6 fo.85, with m 5 and 6. upa (p.u.) upa (p.u.) upa (p.u.) upa (p.u.) ua (p.u.) ua (p.u.) Ampl. / Fund Ampl. / Fund hamonic anks 4 5 hamonic anks We note that: Fig. 6. Output voltages of each patial invete, total output voltage u a and its fequency epesentation of the 7level USCHBAI contolled by the THIPWM fo m 5 (left) and m 6 (ight) Fo even m, we have symmety to, theefoe only the odd hamonics exist, fo odd m, we have any symmety, so thee ae both, the odd hamonics and the even hamonics; The voltage hamonics ae gouped into centeed families aound multiple fequencies 6mf. The fist centeed family aound the mf fequency is the most impotant amplitude; Inceasing the modulation index m allows pushing the hamonics to high fequencies and theefoe easily filteed by the inductance of the induction moto.

8 R. Taleb et al. / Enegy Pocedia 74 ( 5 ) Application of High Powe Induction Moto In ode to evaluate the pefomance of the poposed appoach, a 7level USCHBAI is used to supply a High Powe Induction Moto (HPIM). This appoach is compaed to the SPWM stategy in contolling the 7level USCHBAI. The objective is to use the poposed stategy in ode to minimize the hamonics absobed by the induction moto. Figues 7 and 8 show the esults of a high powe induction moto with the following data: ated powe P n MW, ated voltage 5.5kV, stato esistance R s.97, oto esistance R.8, stato inductance L s.89h, oto inductance L.85H, mutual inductance L m.8h, numbe of pole pais P, oto inetia J 4kg.m, viscous fiction coefficient K f.9nm.s.ad. Pefomances obtained with both methods ae summaized in Table. The analysis of figues and Table, show that: Fo THIPWM stategy: decease 8.4% of THD and incease 5.4% of the fundamental output voltage compaed to the SPWM stategy, the stato cuent close to the sinusoid; Fo SPWM stategy: the electomagnetic toque continuously oscillates at a fequency f (5Hz), because of the hamonics of ank tow which is pesent in the stato cuent. The toque oscillates at f (Hz) with the THIPWM appoach..5 x 4.5 x 5 Stato cuent ias (A).5.5 Toque Te (Nm) x 4 Ampli. / Fund Zoom of Te (Nm) hamonic anks Fig. 7. Pefomance of the HPIM fed by a 7level USCHBAI contolled by the SPWM

9 85 R. Taleb et al. / Enegy Pocedia 74 ( 5 ) x 4.5 x 5 Stato cuent ias (A).5.5 Toque Te (Nm) x 4 Ampli. / Fund Zoom of Te (Nm) hamonic anks Fig. 8. Pefomance of the HPIM fed by a 7level USCHBAI contolled by the THIPWM Table. Pefomances of the contol methods. Contol method u a THD (%) Amplitude of fund. i as THD (%) f Te (Hz) Te (knm) SPWM. u. f 5. THIPWM.7.54u 6.5 f Conclusion The impoved pefomance of a dive system of an induction moto passes though the choice of a best stategy of the contol invete. In this wok, we have shown by simulation that the THIPWM stategy pesents bette pefomances than the SPWM stategy. Indeed, it ensues a highest quality toque, to minimize the cuent hamonics and incease the maximum amplitude of the fundamental output voltage of the 7level USCHBAI. Theefoe the choice of this stategy in contolling a unifom step cascaded Hbidge asymmetical multilevel invete feeding a high powe induction moto.

10 R. Taleb et al. / Enegy Pocedia 74 ( 5 ) Refeences [] J. Rodiguez, S. Benet, P. K. Steime, I. E. Lizama, A Suvey on NeutalPointClamped Invetes, IEEE Tansactions on Industial Electonics, vol. 57, no. 7, pp. 9, July. [] J. Huang, K. A. Cozine, Extended opeation of flying capacito multilevel invetes, IEEE Tansactions on Powe Electonics, vol., no., pp. 447, Januay 6. [] E. Babaei, A cascade Multilevel Convete Topology With Reduced Numbe of Switches, IEEE Tansactions on Powe Electonics, vol., no. 6, pp , Novembe 8. [4] S. Maiethoz, Etude fomelle pou la synthèse de convetisseus multiniveaux asymétiques: topologies, modulation et commande (in fench), Ph.D. thesis, EPFLausanne, Switzeland, 5. [5] J. SongManguelle, Convetisseus multiniveaux asymétiques alimentés pa tansfomateus multisecondaies basseféquence: éactions au éseau d alimentation (in fench), Ph.D. thesis, EPFLausanne, Switzeland, 4. [6] M. A. Ghani, A simple active powe filte with 5level NPC invete, 4th Intenational Confeence on Engineeing Technology and Technopeneuship, ICET 4, pp. 4, Kuala Lumpu, Malaysia, 79 August 4. [7] S. Bonan, W. Zhang, Q. Gao, D. Xu, Reseach on the Contol Stategy of Modula Multilevel Convete, Thid Intenational Confeence on Instumentation, Measuement, Compute, Communication and Contol, IMCCC, pp , Shenyang, Septembe. [8] S. P. Singh, R. K. Tipathi, Pefomance compaison of SPWM and SVPWM technique in NPC bidiectional convete, Students Confeence on Engineeing and Systems, SCES, pp. 6, Allahabad, 4 Apil. [9] R. Taleb, A. Meoufel, A. Massoum, Contol of a Unifom Step Asymmetical Level Invete Using Paticle Swam Optimization, Automatika Jounal fo Contol, Measuement, Electonics, Computing and Communications, vol. 55, no., pp. 7989, 4. [] R. Taleb, A. Meoufel, Contol of asymmetical multilevel invete using atificial neual netwok, Elektonika i Elektotechnika, vol. 96, no. 8, pp. 998, 9. [] D. Baimel, R. Rabinovici, S. Tapuchi, Phase shifted PWM with thid hamonic injection fo ovemodulation ange opeation, pp , Ischia, 8 June 4. [] C. Aghion, O. Usau, M. Lucanu, C. Pavaluta, Moto contol stategy based on ISCPWM and THIPWM, th Intenational Symposium on Signals, Cicuits and Systems, ISSCS, pp. 4, Lasi, June July. [] J. Jose, G. N. Goyal, M. V. Awae, Impoved invete utilisation using thid hamonic injection, Joint Intenational Confeence on Powe Electonics, Dives and Enegy Systems (PEDES) & Powe India, pp. 6, New Delhi, Decembe. [4] R. Taleb, A. Deouazin, USAMI Contol with a Highe Ode Hamonics Elimination Stategy based on the Resultant Theoy, Intenational Confeence on Technologies and Mateials fo Renewable Enegy, Envionment and Sustainability, TMREES 4, Beiut, Lebanon, Apil 4. [5] R. Taleb, A. Bouhani Ben Ziane, T. Bessaad, A. Deouazin, Commande pa la statégie d élimination d hamoniques d un onduleu asymétique à onze niveaux (in fench), d Intenational Semina on New and Renewable Enegies, SIENR 4, Ghadaïa, Algeia, 4 Octobe 4. [6] F. Bouchafaa, Etude et commande de difféentes cascades à ondule à neuf niveaux à stuctue NPC : Application à la conduite d une MSAP (in fench), Ph.D. thesis, ENP, Algies, Algeia, 8. [7] R. Taleb, A. Meoufel, P. Wia, Contol of a unifom step asymmetical 9level invete based on atificial neual netwok stategy, Acta Polytechnica Hungaica, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 756, 9.

Performance Analysis of Z-Source Inverter Considering Inductor Resistance

Performance Analysis of Z-Source Inverter Considering Inductor Resistance Pefomance Analysis of Z-Souce Invete Consideing Inducto Resistance Fatma A. Khea * and Essam Eddin M. Rashad ** Electic Powe and Machines Engineeing Depatment, Faculty of Engineeing, anta Univesity, anta,