Optic Cable Tracking and Positioning Method Based on Distributed Optical Fiber Vibration Sensing
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1 08 5th Intenational Confeence on Electical & Electonics Engineeing and Compute Science (ICEEECS 08) Optic Cable Tacking and Positioning Method Based on Distibuted Optical Fibe Vibation Sensing Zhang Chao, a, Guo Min, b Noth China Electic Powe Univesity, Baoding, Hebei, China Inne Mongolia Univesity of Technology, Hohhot, Inne Mongolia, China a @qq.com, b @qq.com Keywods: optical fibe, distibuted, sensing, vibation, phase demodulation, positioning Abstact: Distibuted optical fibe sensing technology developed apidly in the late 970s with the development of optical fibe sensing technology and optical fibe communication technology. Distibuted optical fibe sensing technology is vey suitable fo the monitoing of long-distance tunk as it can obtain continuous distibuted infomation along the space and time in the physical field. At pesent, this technology has become one of the most pomising technologies in optical fibe sensing technology. The fibe distibuted vibation senso system put fowad in this pape is a new kind of distibuted optical fibe sensing system, which can ealize eal-time extaction of abitay vibation signal. It is exeted to the sensing optical fibe and can accuately detemine the position of the sensing optical fibe on the vibation signal; it can also be used in the monitoing of long-distance communication lines. This pape analyzes the fibe optic cable tacking and positioning analysis based on distibuted fibe vibation sensing.. Intoduction Maintaining the secuity of infastuctue is a basic equiement fo social stability and apid economic development. At pesent, China s monitoing of infastuctue such as oil and gas pipelines, powe gid and communication netwok mainly elies on some poduction paametes of the facility itself, manual inspection and epots of passes-by, and othe methods. These means commonly have such shotages as low technology content, low efficiency, poo eal-time pefomance, long eaction time, low anti-intefeence ability, and so on; usually alams ae given afte the monitoing facilities have damages, and its pacticality is esticted by both natual and human factos. As fo the monitoing of long-distance communication lines, especially with the influence of electomagnetic intefeence, it is impossible to take electical means to conduct sensing monitoing; optical fibe sensing technology will become the main technical means to implement the safety monitoing of such industies as electic powe, communication, and oil and gas pipeline, and to pevent man-made sabotage. Howeve, most optical fibe senso systems ae based on point sensos; thus, fo lage aea o long distance, it needs to be equipped with a lage numbe of sensos, esulting in highe cost and moe complexity, with limited application. Distibuted optical fibe sensing technology has a bette application pospect with its elatively small numbe of sensos and elatively simple system. Due to the timing equiement of low powe shot light pulse evese tansmission time, most technologies can only conduct a few static monitoing o some monitoing with small paamete changes, and the application scope of the system is naow. Howeve, as fo the tunk safety monitoing system, the eal-time, semi-static o dynamic monitoing infomation and its location should be obtained. Theefoe, a new intefeometic distibuted optical fibe sensing system is put fowad; though the digital signal pocessing, the system can make accuate positioning of any size of vibation signals on the sensing optical fibe in a eal-time and dynamical way. This pape makes the analysis of fibe optic cable tacking and positioning analysis based on distibuted fibe vibation sensing. Copyight (08) Fancis Academic Pess, UK 76
2 . Modeling of distibuted optical fibe vibation senso system. System modeling method () Theoetical modeling. Theoetical modeling means that people analyzes the intenal mechanism accoding to the chaacteistics of objective things, based on the basic theoy of mechanics, electomagnetism, themodynamics and chemisty, to claify the causality; unde appopiate simplified assumptions, the analysis and abstaction ae made on the measued system; the mathematical model of descibing things is obtained though using appopiate mathematical tools, such as diffeential equation, aplace tansfom, tansfe function, fequency esponse function and time domain esponse cuve, etc.. () Expeimental modeling. When the intenal mechanism and chaacteistics of the things cannot be accuately obtained, we can undestand the input and output data of system by using the method of expeimental test; measuement data is pocessed by using the methods of mathematical statistics and a mathematical model of the system is built. The pocess above is the basic connotation of the expeimental modeling method, and it is egaded as black box by the measued system; the modeling is only accoding to its extenal chaacteistics. (3) Finite element modeling. The basic idea of finite element analysis is to use a set of discete sets of units to eplace the continuous body, and this kind of sets of units ae called as the mechanical model of the stuctue. If the foces and displacements of each unit ae known, the chaacteistics of the integated stuctue can be deived and the popeties of the integated stuctue can be studied accoding to the condition of the defomation continuity of the nodes and the equilibium conditions of the nodes. The chaacteistics of finite element is that it always takes the fom of matix as a mathematical expession, easy in pogamming, and a lot of wok is done by compute; as long as the compute capacity is enough, the unit subdivision can be abitay, and adaptive to any complicated geomety, vaious load and any bounday conditions.. Foced vibation of optical fibe Afte the suface impact foce is exeted to the soil laye, the vibation wave geneated in the vicinity of the suface is mainly tansmitted in the fom of R wave, which acts on the fibe optic cable and causes the vibation of the optical cable. As is needed, the test optical cable is usually buied in the suface, suounded by the dense soil laye, and the foced vibation is mainly used in the vetical plane. Theefoe, the buied optical cable can be egaded as a single degee-of-feedom linea system, i.e. the numbe of independent coodinates equied by the system in the geomety of the space can be completely detemined duing the whole vibation pocess. Fo the linea damping system, the diffeential equation of system vibation unde the excitation of simple hamonic sine is: Fomula can be expessed as.... m x+ c x+ kx = F 0 sin ϖt () k F0 c c c p =, X 0 =, ξ = = = () m K pm mk C c Figue Sketch map of optical cable unde the foced damped vibation 77
3 The vibation model of the ideal single degee-of-feedom linea system of optical cable is shown in Figue. The model is actually a linea damping system, and the simple hamonic excitation is diectly applied to the mass module m in the fom of cosine tigonometic functions. The sping stiffness (elastic coefficien is k, which embodies the elastic popety of the system. The equivalent damping coefficient of the system is C. The amplitude of steady-state solution of foced vibation of the system can be witten as: A = m ( k.3 The foced vibation of optical cable k Z A Nw( z) z mϖ ) + 4ξ. mϖ k Optical fibe defomation Assuming that the two measuing fibes in the optical cable ae placed up and down, whee the axes ae () and (3) espectively; two optical fibe closely contact, and the paallel distance between the contact aea () and the two optical axes ae the optical fibe adius a, as shown in Figue. Figue Sketch map of fibe defomation diagam. The length of the optical cable is x micoelement; bending angle is θ and adius is in the foced longitudinal vibation, and we have: θ = x = z( x, x Assuming the impact ange of the foce on the optical fibe is %, the total optical fibe defomation caused by longitudinal vibation is: xm xm αx xm z( x, ( = xm ldx = dx = 4α xdx x Optical cable tacking and positioning based on distibuted optical fibe vibation sensing A. signal analysis The seal cup of the fibe optical cable is closely connected with the inne wall of the pipe, which causes fiction with the pipe wall duing opeation. At the same time, the seal cup vibates when it goes acoss the welding line. The time domain wave fom of geneated vibation signal when the optical cable goes acoss the fibe position l has obvious time-vaiant chaacteistic (Figue 3); when the optical cable goes acoss, the amplitude change is obvious and the inteval pesents some egulaity; the time inteval of the vibations is between. ~.6 s, accoding to the unning speed of the optical cable in the natual gas pipeline, we can conclude that the vibation of the cable is mainly geneated by its impact with the pipe welding line. 78
4 Figue 3 Time domain wave fom cuve of optical cable vibation signal Accoding to the time domain chaacteistics of the vibation signal of the optical cable, though detecting the uppe and lowe envelope cuve of the time domain wavefom, the vibation signal is enhanced by means of getting the diffeence between the uppe and lowe envelope cuves. The fast ising and slow declining cuve f ( and the fast declining and slow ising cuve g ( at the t moment in the optical fibe position l ae as follows: f (, iff ( f ( f ( = lf ( + ( l) f (, else g(, ifg( g( g( = lg( + ( l) g(, else When thee is optical cable vibation signa the diffeence between the uppe and lowe envelope cuves becomes lage. When thee is no vibation signa the diffeence between the uppe and lowe envelope cuves is smalle (Figue 4). Figue 4 Diffeence cuve between the uppe and lowe envelope cuves of the time domain signal duing optical cable vibation. It can be seen fom Figue 4 that the shap peak signal is visible, and the atio between the peak amplitude of the diffeence cuve and the backgound noise amplitude is SNR, i.e., SNR=0log ( V signal /V noise ). Take the maximum noise of the ange nea that point as backgound noise, it can be concluded that the signal-to-noise atios of the 6 vibation signals in the time domain wave fom cuve of vibation signal ae:.4 db,.54 db,. db,.6db,.7db, and.65db; the signal-to-noise atios of 6 the 6 vibation signals in the diffeence cuve ae: 3.76 db, 4.36 db, 3.7 db, 5.98dB, 3.76dB, and 4.5dB; this method has obvious enhancing effect in the signal-to-noise atio. 4. Conclusions This pape poposes the optical cable tacking and positioning method though using a pipe line to un along with the optical cable; based on the pinciple of Rayleigh scatteing, this pape uses one-coe fibe in the optical cable which unes along with a pipe line to build distibuted optical fibe vibation senso; when the optical cable uns in the pipe, it causes impact with the pipe welding line and vibation is poduced; the vibation effects on the distibuted optical fibe vibation 79
5 senso, causing sudden changes of light signals; though detecting the changed signals, the eal-time tacking and positioning of optical cable can be ealized. Refeences [] i Xiaojuan, Yang Zhi. Classification and Development of Billouin Distibuted Optical Fibe Sensing Technology [J]. Telecommunications fo Electic Powe System, 0,0: [] Wang Jianfeng, iu Honglin, Zhang Shuqin, Yu Xiangdong, Sun Zhongzhou, Jin Shangzhong, Zhang Zaixuan. A New Distibuted Optical Fibe Tempeatue Senso Based on Raman Scatteing and its Application [J]. Spectoscopy and Spectal Analysis, 03,04: [3] Huang Senlin, Wang Zhengshuai, Chai Jing. Study on the Installment and Positioning of Distibuted Optical Fibe in Simila Modeling Expeiment [J]. China Enegy and Envionmental Potection,08,03:-5. [4] Xiao Yu. Cloud Resouce Rational Stoage Map Design of Distibuted Optical Fibe Sensing Data [J]. ase Jouna06,:5-55. [5] Wang Chuanqi, Wu iwen, iu Yang. Reseach Development of Distibuted Optical Fibe Tempeatue and Stain Sensing System [J]. Tansduce and Micosystem Technologies, 07, 04:
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