1. Explain why the base 2 number system is of special relevance in Computer Science.

Transcription

1 Contents 1. Explain why the base 2 number system is of special relevance in Computer Science Draw a diagram of a transistor. Explain why the transistor was key to the proliferation of computers and computing devices Outline four generations of computer hardware. What is the key thing that characterizes the generations of hardware? Draw a diagram of a two input AND gate together with the corresponding truth table. With the help of a schematic diagram, show how AND might be implemented using discrete transistors Draw a diagram of a two input OR gate together with the corresponding truth table. With the help of a schematic diagram, show how OR might be implemented using discrete transistors With the help of supporting diagrams, differentiate clearly between analog and digital signals. Explain how noise (interference) impacts the signal in each case Convert to binary: Convert to hexadecimal: Convert to decimal: Convert the following octal numbers to decimal:... 7 Reference Book Explain why the base 2 number system is of special relevance in Computer Science. Computers use base 2 or binary number system because binary number system uses the numbers zero and one to calculate and computer only understand zero and one numerical value. Binary number system have two electric circuits. On and off are the two eclectic circuits used in the operation of a computer system. Assignment 01 Page 1 of 7

2 2. Draw a diagram of a transistor. Explain why the transistor was key to the proliferation of computers and computing devices. Circuit Diagram Transistor Symbol Transistor are semiconductor device which can be used as switches to turn off and on an electric signal. A transistor is a silicon device with 3 leads, emitter, collector, and base. Transistor also works as a signal amplifier in electric circuit. 3. Outline four generations of computer hardware. What is the key thing that characterizes the generations of hardware? The fourth generation computers were built after The fourth generation computers were the extension of third generation technology. The fourth generation computers emerged with development of the VLSI(Very Large Scale Integration). The computers were designed by using microprocessor. The fourth generation computers have microprocessor based system and its very fast. The speed,accuracy of the computers were improved in fourth generation computers. The fourth generation are the cheapest compare to all computer generation. Networking between the system was developed. IBM 4341 is one of the best example of fourth generation computers. 4. Draw a diagram of a two input AND gate together with the corresponding truth table. With the help of a schematic diagram, show how AND might be implemented using discrete transistors. Assignment 01 Page 2 of 7

3 Truth Table : Two Input AND Gate: Input A Output Input B A B Output Draw a diagram of a two input OR gate together with the corresponding truth table. With the help of a schematic diagram, show how OR might be implemented using discrete transistors Two Input OR Gate: Truth Table: Input A Input B Output A B Output Assignment 01 Page 3 of 7

4 6. With the help of supporting diagrams, differentiate clearly between analog and digital signals. Explain how noise (interference) impacts the signal in each case. Analog Signal: Analog signals are the usual simple signals which can be observed in a normal human voice or the wind in the ambient conditions. Analog signals can be literally called a wave. These signals are what the nature has given humans. The way the water hits the rocks, the manner in which sand moves in the ocean, the essence which defines how bright the sunlight is and several natural factors are one or the other form of analog signals. In commercial applications, analog signal is found in audio and video applications. Being specific into audio, analog signals are what that is released from the speaker or the headphones. Analog signals are used in transmission when the data is required to be sent at smaller distances. Digital Signal: Digital signals are a processed form of analog signals, purely synthetic, which has been created for electronics and communications purposes. These signals are a requirement of transmitting information in a simple ON and OFF format. Digital signals are made using converters and signal levelers that convert an analog signal to a digital one. Creation of digital signals is an expensive task and is only carried out when information has to be sending to longer distance or the data is quite significant that it cannot be lost. In the field of communications, digital signals are used in cellular communications, internet networking. The high data exchange modes such as 3G, Bluetooth etc. are a result of digital communications. In the field of electronics, digital signals are used in creating new codes for computer and mobile circuitry. Assignment 01 Page 4 of 7

5 7. Convert to binary: a) E A b) 3 F Convert to hexadecimal: a) CD = (1*2 0 ) + (0*2 1 ) +(1*2 2 ) + (1*2 3 ) = (0*2 0) +( 0*2 1 ) + (1*2 2 ) + (1*2 3 ) = = = 13 = D = 12 = C b) B5A =(0*2 0 ) + (1*2 1 ) + (0*2 2 ) + (1*2 3 ) = = 10 = A Assignment 01 Page 5 of 7

6 0101 =(1*2 0 ) + (0*2 1 ) + (1*2 2 ) + (0*2 3 ) = = =(1*2 0 ) + (1*2 1 ) + (0*2 2 ) + (1*2 3 ) = =11 = B 9. Convert to decimal: a) d =(0*2 0 ) + (0*2 1 ) + (1*2 2 ) + (1*2 3 ) + (1*2 4 ) + (1*2 5 ) + (0*2 6 ) + (1*2 7 ) = =188 d b) d = (1*2 0 ) + (0*2 1 ) + (1*2 2 ) + (1*2 3 ) + (0*2 4 ) + (1*2 5 ) + (0*2 6 ) + (0*2 7 ) = = 45 d Assignment 01 Page 6 of 7

7 10. Convert the following octal numbers to decimal: a) 172o 122 d = (2*8 0 ) + (7*8 1 ) + (1*8 2 ) =(2*1) + (7*8) + (1*64) = =122 d b) 154o 44 d = (4*8 0 ) + (5*8 1 ) + (1*8 2 ) =(4*1) + (5*8) + (1*64) = =44 d Reference Book Book Name Structured Computer Organization (Fifth Edition) Andrew S. Tanenbum Assignment 01 Page 7 of 7