0. Introduction to Microelectronic Circuits
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1 0. Introduction to Microelectronic Circuits S. S. Dan and S. R. Zinka Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering BITS Pilani, Hyderbad Campus January 18, 2016
2 Outline 1 Introduction 2 Course Contents 3 Lab Contents 4 Handout 5 Miscellaneous
3 Outline 1 Introduction 2 Course Contents 3 Lab Contents 4 Handout 5 Miscellaneous
4 What is Meant by Electronics?
5 What is Meant by Electronics? Electronics is the science of how to control electric energy, energy in which the electrons have a fundamental role.
6 What is Meant by Electronics? Electronics is the science of how to control electric energy, energy in which the electrons have a fundamental role. When the distinction between electronics and electrical sciences started?
7 What is Meant by Electronics? Electronics is the science of how to control electric energy, energy in which the electrons have a fundamental role. When the distinction between electronics and electrical sciences started?
8 What is Meant by Electronics? Electronics is the science of how to control electric energy, energy in which the electrons have a fundamental role. When the distinction between electronics and electrical sciences started? This distinction started around 1906 with the invention by Lee De Forest of the triode, which made electrical amplification of weak radio signals and audio signals possible with a non-mechanical device.
9 What type of electronic components have you studied so far?
10 A few Electronic Components
11 A few Electronic Components Vacuum tubes
12 A few Electronic Components Vacuum tubes Diodes
13 A few Electronic Components Vacuum tubes Diodes Transistors
14 A few Electronic Components Vacuum tubes Diodes Transistors Passive electrical components (such as R, L, and C)
15 A few Electronic Components Vacuum tubes Diodes Transistors Passive electrical components (such as R, L, and C) Can we consider op-amps as individual electronic components just like diodes, transistors, etc?
16 Analog vs Digital Electronics?
17 Analog vs Digital Electronics? First of all, let s try to understand the difference between analog and digital signals...
18 Analog and Digital Signals
19 Analog and Digital Signals First of all, what is meant by the word digit?
20 Analog and Digital Signals First of all, what is meant by the word digit? Now, can you guess the difference between analog and digital?
21 Analog and Digital Signals First of all, what is meant by the word digit? Now, can you guess the difference between analog and digital? If you treat an entire textbook (written in English) as a signal, then is it analog or digital?
22 Analog and Digital Signals First of all, what is meant by the word digit? Now, can you guess the difference between analog and digital? If you treat an entire textbook (written in English) as a signal, then is it analog or digital? Can you give me an example for one of the oldest binary digital systems?
23 Analog vs Digital & Continuous vs Discrete
24 Analog vs Digital & Continuous vs Discrete Let s try to understand the difference more clearly...
25 A Continuous Analog Signal
26 A Continuous Analog Signal x(t) t
27 A Discrete Analog Signal x(t) t
28 A Discrete Digital Signal x(t) t
29 A Continuous Digital Signal x(t) t
30 A Continuous (Binary) Digital Signal PCM x(t) t
31 So, the Difference between Analog and Digital Electronics is...
32 So, the Difference between Analog and Digital Electronics is... Analog electronics are electronic systems with a continuously variable signal, in contrast to digital electronics where signals usually take only two (or a finite number of) levels.
33 So, the Difference between Analog and Digital Electronics is... Analog electronics are electronic systems with a continuously variable signal, in contrast to digital electronics where signals usually take only two (or a finite number of) levels. Give me a few examples for both analog as well digital circuits...
34 Discrete vs Integrated Circuits
35 Discrete vs Integrated Circuits Integrated circuits (ICs) consist mostly of transistors (why?) whereas discrete circuits commonly contain resistors and capacitors as well.
36 Discrete vs Integrated Circuits Integrated circuits (ICs) consist mostly of transistors (why?) whereas discrete circuits commonly contain resistors and capacitors as well. Inductors are used in some high frequency analog circuits, but tend to occupy large chip area if used at low frequencies.
37 Then what is Meant by Microelectronics?
38 Then what is Meant by Microelectronics? Microelectronics is a subfield of electronics. As the name suggests, microelectronics relates to the study and manufacture of very small electronic designs and components.
39 Outline 1 Introduction 2 Course Contents 3 Lab Contents 4 Handout 5 Miscellaneous
40 How many types of electronic circuits have you studied so far?
41 What are We Going to Study in this Course?
42 What are We Going to Study in this Course? 1 Review of Network Theory
43 What are We Going to Study in this Course? 1 Review of Network Theory 2 Introduction to Amplifiers & Feedback
44 What are We Going to Study in this Course? 1 Review of Network Theory 2 Introduction to Amplifiers & Feedback 3 Ideal Op-Amp Circuits
45 What are We Going to Study in this Course? 1 Review of Network Theory 2 Introduction to Amplifiers & Feedback 3 Ideal Op-Amp Circuits 4 MOSFET Circuits, Amplifiers and Frequency Response
46 What are We Going to Study in this Course? 1 Review of Network Theory 2 Introduction to Amplifiers & Feedback 3 Ideal Op-Amp Circuits 4 MOSFET Circuits, Amplifiers and Frequency Response 5 BJT Circuits, Amplifiers and Frequency Response
47 What are We Going to Study in this Course? 1 Review of Network Theory 2 Introduction to Amplifiers & Feedback 3 Ideal Op-Amp Circuits 4 MOSFET Circuits, Amplifiers and Frequency Response 5 BJT Circuits, Amplifiers and Frequency Response 6 Feedback in BJT and MOSFET Circuits
48 What are We Going to Study in this Course? 1 Review of Network Theory 2 Introduction to Amplifiers & Feedback 3 Ideal Op-Amp Circuits 4 MOSFET Circuits, Amplifiers and Frequency Response 5 BJT Circuits, Amplifiers and Frequency Response 6 Feedback in BJT and MOSFET Circuits 7 Passive and Active Current Sources
49 What are We Going to Study in this Course? 1 Review of Network Theory 2 Introduction to Amplifiers & Feedback 3 Ideal Op-Amp Circuits 4 MOSFET Circuits, Amplifiers and Frequency Response 5 BJT Circuits, Amplifiers and Frequency Response 6 Feedback in BJT and MOSFET Circuits 7 Passive and Active Current Sources 8 Differential Amplifiers
50 Why do we need to study all these things?
51 Let s See Internal Circuitry of an Op-Amp
52 Let s See Internal Circuitry of an Op-Amp Q8 Q9 Q12 Q13 Q14 7 V S+ Non-inverting input 3 Q1 Q3 Q7 Q4 Q2 Inverting input 2 39 kω 30 pf 4.5 kω Q kω Q17 25 Ω 50 Ω 6 Output Q10 Q15 Q20 Offset null 1 Q5 1 kω 50 kω 1 kω Q6 5 Offset null 5 kω Q11 Q22 Q19 50 kω 50 Ω 4 V S
53 Let s See Internal Circuitry of an Op-Amp Q8 Q9 Q12 Q13 Q14 7 V S+ Non-inverting input 3 Q1 Q3 Q7 Q4 Q2 Inverting input 2 39 kω 30 pf 4.5 kω Q kω Q17 25 Ω 50 Ω 6 Output Q10 Q15 Q20 Offset null 1 Q5 1 kω 50 kω 1 kω Q6 5 Offset null 5 kω Q11 Q22 Q19 50 kω 50 Ω 4 Differential amplifier V S
54 Let s See Internal Circuitry of an Op-Amp Current mirror Current mirror Q8 Q9 Q12 Q13 Q14 7 V S+ Non-inverting input 3 Q1 Q3 Q7 Q4 Q2 Inverting input 2 39 kω 30 pf 4.5 kω Q kω Q17 25 Ω 50 Ω 6 Output Q10 Q15 Q20 Offset null 1 Q5 1 kω 50 kω 1 kω Q6 5 Offset null 5 kω Q11 Q22 Q19 50 kω 50 Ω 4 Differential amplifier Current mirror V S
55 Let s See Internal Circuitry of an Op-Amp Current mirror Current mirror Q8 Q9 Q12 Q13 Q14 7 V S+ Non-inverting input 3 Q1 Q3 Q7 Q4 Q2 Inverting input 2 39 kω 30 pf 4.5 kω Q kω Q17 25 Ω 50 Ω 6 Output Q10 Q15 Q20 Offset null 1 Q5 1 kω 50 kω 1 kω Q6 5 Offset null 5 kω Q11 Q22 Q19 50 kω 50 Ω 4 Differential amplifier Current mirror Classs A gain stage V S
56 Let s See Internal Circuitry of an Op-Amp Current mirror Current mirror Q8 Q9 Q12 Q13 Q14 7 V S+ Non-inverting input 3 Q1 Q3 Q7 Q4 Q2 Inverting input 2 30 pf 39 kω Voltage level shifter 4.5 kω Q kω Q17 25 Ω 50 Ω 6 Output Q10 Q15 Q20 Offset null 1 Q5 1 kω 50 kω 1 kω Q6 5 Offset null 5 kω Q11 Q22 Q19 50 kω 50 Ω 4 Differential amplifier Current mirror Classs A gain stage V S
57 Let s See Internal Circuitry of an Op-Amp Current mirror Current mirror Q8 Q9 Q12 Q13 Q14 7 V S+ Non-inverting input 3 Q1 Q3 Q7 Q4 Q2 Inverting input 2 30 pf 39 kω Voltage level shifter 4.5 kω Q kω Q17 25 Ω 50 Ω Output stage 6 Output Q10 Q15 Q20 Offset null 1 Q5 1 kω 50 kω 1 kω Q6 5 Offset null 5 kω Q11 Q22 Q19 50 kω 50 Ω 4 Differential amplifier Current mirror Classs A gain stage V S
58 One Final Thing...
59 One Final Thing... As you can observe by now, a major theme of this course is study of various types of amplifiers...
60 One Final Thing... As you can observe by now, a major theme of this course is study of various types of amplifiers... Why amplifiers are so important?
61 Amplification & Impedance Matching
62 Amplification & Impedance Matching
63 Amplification & Impedance Matching
64 Amplification & Impedance Matching
65 Amplification & Impedance Matching
66 Amplification & Impedance Matching Voltage Amplifier
67 Outline 1 Introduction 2 Course Contents 3 Lab Contents 4 Handout 5 Miscellaneous
68 Lab Experiments
69 Lab Experiments Introduction to electronics laboratory: (a) Passive components (b) Measurement equipment Applications of diode (a) Diode Characteristics (b) Clippers and Peak detector Performance measurement of regulated DC power supply Characteristics of MOSFET in common-source (CS) configuration Frequency Response of common-source (CS) MOSFET amplifier
70 Lab Experiments... Cont d Characteristics of BJT in common-emitter (CE) configuration Characteristics of BJT in common-base (CB) and common-collector (CC) configurations Frequency response of common-emitter BJT amplifier Design of current mirror using SPICE Design of differential amplifier using SPICE
71 Outline 1 Introduction 2 Course Contents 3 Lab Contents 4 Handout 5 Miscellaneous
72 Course Plan
73 Course Plan S. No. Topic Learning Objective No. of Lectures Ref. From the Text Introduction to amplifiers, review of basic network theory, and feedback Ideal Operational Amplifiers Models and physics of MOSFET MOSFET Amplifiers and Frequency response Models and physics of BJT Characteristic of T1: amplifiers and feedback 6 concepts T1: Design and characterization of ideal 5 T1: OP-AMP circuits MOS device physics 3 T1: Discrete MOSFET Amplifier design 5 T1: BJT device physics 3 T1:
74 Course Plan... Cont d S. No. Topic Learning Objective No. of Lectures Ref. From the Text BJT Amplifiers and 6 frequency response Feedback in BJT and 7 MOSFET circuits 8 Differential amplifiers Passive and active 9 current mirrors Review & Overview of 10 state of the art IC manufacturing Discrete BJT Amplifier design 3 T1: Study of Feedback 3 T1: Design of differential amplifiers 6 T1: T1: 6.3, 6.4, Design of IC bias circuits Building of Electronic To be 1 Systems Announced
75 Textbooks and References
76 Textbooks and References Text Book: A. S. Sedra, K. C. Smith, Microelectronic Circuits, Oxford University Press, Sixth Edition, [T1]
77 Textbooks and References Text Book: A. S. Sedra, K. C. Smith, Microelectronic Circuits, Oxford University Press, Sixth Edition, [T1] Reference Books: R. C. Jaeger, Microelectronic Circuit Design, Tata McGraw-Hill Companies Inc., International Edition. [R1] R. J. Baker, H. W. Li, D. E. Boyce, CMOS circuit Design Layout and simulation. IEEE Press series on Microelectronic Systems, PHI. [R2]
78 Evaluation Scheme
79 Evaluation Scheme EC No. Components Duration Weightage (%) Date & Time Remarks 1 Test-1 60 min 15 12:30 1:30 PM (24/2) CB 2 Test-2 60 min 15 12:30 1:30 PM (3/4) CB 3 Surprise Quizzes CB 4 Assignment (Take Home) - 20 Continuous OB 5 Comprehensive 3 Hrs 40 14/05 AN CB
80 Outline 1 Introduction 2 Course Contents 3 Lab Contents 4 Handout 5 Miscellaneous
81 Some Useful Resources
82 Some Useful Resources LTspice & Qucs LyX Inkscape Zotero Python + Geany
83 QUCS
84 L Y X
85 Inkscape
86 Zotero
87 Python + Geany IDE
88 Notes
89 Notes Chamber Consultation Hour: S. R. Zinka (Monday 4-5 PM) & S. S. Dan (Monday 4-5 PM)
90 Notes Chamber Consultation Hour: S. R. Zinka (Monday 4-5 PM) & S. S. Dan (Monday 4-5 PM) Make-up Policy: Make-up for any component will be given only in genuine cases. In all cases, prior intimation must be given to IC.
91 Notes Chamber Consultation Hour: S. R. Zinka (Monday 4-5 PM) & S. S. Dan (Monday 4-5 PM) Make-up Policy: Make-up for any component will be given only in genuine cases. In all cases, prior intimation must be given to IC. Notices: All notices related to the course will be put on the CMS only (LS 1).
92 Course Calendar
93 Course Calendar January Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat March Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat February Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat April Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Holiday Test I / Test II PEARL 2016 Different Time-Table
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