Copyright by Syed Ashad Mustufa Younus Copyright by Syed Ashad Mustufa Younus

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1 Copyright by Syed Ashad Mustufa Younus Copyright by Syed Ashad Mustufa Younus

2 Microcontroller & Applications Week 1 Instructor: Syed Ashad Mustufa Younus HP: +92 (0) :sashad@iqra.edu.pks d@q.p Copyright by Syed Ashad Mustufa Younus

3 MCS-51 Based Embedded System Course Out Line Week-1 Basics of Electronics Analog electronics Digital electronics Power Supply designing Series regulator based supplies. Switch Mode regulator based supplies. (Buck & Boost converters) Week-2 Specification of Digital System (TTL, CMOS, BIMOS & ECL) Classification of Digital Devices Basics Sequential Devices. (Microprocessors, PLCs & Micro controllers) Basics of Combinational Devices. (PLDs) Week-3 Brief overview of RISC based & CISC based Microcontroller. Detail lecture on the Architecture of MCS-51 based Microcontroller. Detail lecture on the Memory Management. Lecture on the Effective utilizations of I/O Ports. Week-4 Detail lecture on the Command set of Assembly Language.

4 MCS-51 Based Embedded System Course Out Line Continue Lecture on the interfacing Techniques of LEDs, Seven Segment Displays, Switches & Relay using Assembly Language. Lecture on the professional Hardware Designing. Week-5 Lectures on the Different Modes of the Timers in the MCS-51 based controllers. Lecture on the proficient usage of Timers. Practical Projects related Timers applications. Week-6 Lectures on the Timer s Interrupt of the MCS-51 based controllers. Lectures on the External Interrupts of the MCS-51 based controllers. Practical Projects related Timers and external interrupts. t Week-7 Lecture on the difference b/w the Parallel and Serial Communications. Detail lectures on different Protocols of Serial Communications. Lectures on the Different Modes of the Serial Communications using interrupt and without interrupt in the MCS-51 based controllers. Lecture Serial interfacing techniques with Microprocessor and Slave Micro controllers Week-8 Advance interfacing Techniques using LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), Stepper Motors, ADC & DAC

5 Few Consideration.. The Eight weeks are not sufficient to cover this whole course, we have to do hard work form the begging of the course Please do all the assignments on time Each students develop own trainer. Please don t take any sort of leave during the course. If any Query Ask during the class, don t wait for the end of the class This is not GPA gaining i Course try to understand d the basic concepts During or after this course feel free to your queries

6 Expectations. If you work hard and did all assignments on time then On completion of this course your are able to under stand the programming Able to understand the Circuit diagrams Able to design small Controller base application Able to write firmware in Assemble and C languages Able to fabricate and test the hardware. Easily Understand the Architecture of other Controller with small change

7 Week-1 Basics of Electronics Analog electronics Digital electronics Power Supply designing Series regulator based supplies. Switch Mode regulator based supplies. (Buck & Boost converters) Week-1

8 Why basics Typical Application of Embedded System has Few Digital Inputs & Outputs Few Analog Inputs for Sensors Few Analog outputs for Actuators Parallel channels PCI, LPT Serial channels I2C, RS232, RS , SPI, USB, JTAG, Ethernet Wireless channels Bluetooth, Wi-fi, Infrared, RF Display LED, LCD, VGA

Basics of Electronics What is Electronics Electronics is the study of the flow of charge through various materials and devices such as, semiconductors, resistors, inductors, capacitors,

Although considered to be a theoretical branch of physics, the design and construction of electronic circuits to solve practical problems is an essential technique in the fields of electronics

9 Basics of Electronics What is Electronics Electronics is the study of the flow of charge through various materials and devices such as, semiconductors, resistors, inductors, capacitors, nano-structures, and vacuum tubes. All applications of electronics involve the transmission of either information or power. Although considered to be a theoretical branch of physics, the design and construction of electronic circuits to solve practical problems is an essential technique in the fields of electronics engineering and computer engineering. Quantum Interference Effect Transistor (QuIET) 3-kV SiC pn diode at a forward current of 5 A. The typical, blue light visibly indicates the flow of current in forward operation 3-kV SiC pn diode at a forward current of 5 A. The typical, blue light visibly indicates the flow of current in forward operation

Analog electronics In analog electronics,

the value of the current or voltage at a

Some examples of analog electronic signals

frequency-modulated (FM) radio broadcast

10 Analog electronics In analog electronics, the signals to be manipulated take the form of continuous currents or voltages. The information in the signal is carried by the value of the current or voltage at a particular time t. Some examples of analog electronic signals are amplitude-modulated (AM) and frequency-modulated (FM) radio broadcast signals, thermocouple temperature data signals, and standard audio cassette recording signals. EEG Signals

11 Sinusoidal wave Half wave Rectifier Vdc = Vp Full wave Rectifier Vdc = Vp Supply Design

12 Continues. Typical Power Supply design

13 Brain Storming Draw the wave form of AC Vrms=220Volts What is the difference of Vdc & Vrms Why Computer don t work on Analog Voltage levels

14 Brain Storming Draw the wave form of AC Vrms=220Volts What is the difference of Vdc & Vrms Why Computer don t work on Analog Voltage levels

15 Quick Review Diodes Transistors Thyristors OpAmp Converters

16 Electronics Devices Two layer device called Diode Three layer device called Transistor Four Layer device called Thyristors

17 Electronics Devices continues Which one is Thyristor SCR, Triac, GTO, Diac, IGBT

18 Operation Amplifier The term operational amplifier or "op-amp" refers to a class of high-gain DC coupled amplifiers with two inputs and a single output. The operational amplifier (op-amp) was designed to perform mathematical operations. Although now superseded by the digital computer, op-amps are a common feature of modern analog electronics The modern integrated circuit version is typified by the famous 741 op-amp. Some of the general characteristics of the IC version are: High gain, on the order of a million High input impedance, low output impedance Used with split supply, usually +/- 15V Used with feedback, with gain determined by the feedback network

For an amplifier with positive feedback the gain is given by the expression below The large open loop gain of an op-amp makes it inevitable i that the condition i will be reached, and

19 Positive Feedback The use of positive i feedback is useful for producing oscillators. The condition i for positive feedback is that a portion of the output is combined in phase with the input. For an amplifier with positive feedback the gain is given by the expression below The large open loop gain of an op-amp makes it inevitable i that the condition i will be reached, and the gain expression becomes infinite Practically speaking, the gain which applies at low signal amplitudes will be reduced until the output amplitude reaches some constant value. However, that limiting value will be independent of input, allowing the circuit to produce a designed output Note: :The Gain of Non inverting Amplifier always greater r than one

20 Differential Amplifiers The differential amplifier amplifies the difference between two input signals (-) and (+). This amplifier is also referred to as a differential-input single-ended output amplifier. It is a precision voltage difference amplifier, and forms the central basis of more sophisticated instrumentation amplifier circuits. A differential amplifier is shown in figure. The voltage is given by (cf. voltage divider) Note: for inverting amplification negative voltages are required

21 The instrumentation amplifier As suggested before, it is beneficial to be able to adjust the gain of the amplifier circuit without having to change more than one resistor value, as is necessary with the previous design of differential amplifier. The socalled instrumentation builds on the last version of differential amplifier to give us that capability:. This intimidating circuit is constructed from a buffered differential amplifier stage with three new resistors linking the two buffer circuits together. Consider all resistors to be of equal value except for R gain. The negative feedback of the upper-left op-amp causes the voltage at point 1 (top of R gain) to be equal to V1. Likewise, the voltage at point 2 (bottom of R gain) is held to a value equal to V2. This establishes a voltage drop across R gain equal to the voltage difference between V1 and V2. That voltage drop causes a current through R gain, and since the feedback loops of the two input op-amps draw no current, that same amount of current through R gain must be going through the two "R" resistors above and below it. This produces a voltage drop between points 3 and 4 equal to: Note: Instrument Amp is very important application of opamp extensively used in signal conditioning of Biomedical signals and precise transducers

22 Brain Storming Design Problem You have one opamp and only 0V to +V available tell me how to design the attenuator circuit

23 Power Supply Design For Portable Applications Series/ Linear Power Supplies Switch mode Power supplies Buck Converters Boost Converters Buck-Boost Converters

24 Power Supply design for Portable Applications Series/ Linear Power Supplies

25 Series/ Linear Regulator Model

26 Power Supply design continue. Linear Regulators National Semiconductor ON Semiconductor NXP Linear Technology LM317 CAT62XX NX1117XXX LT300X LM337/237 LV56XXX LT1120X LM723 NCP45XX LT158X LM78XX NCV86XX LT3150 LM79XX

27 Power Supply design for portable application Switch Mode Power Supplies

28 Switching Power Supply

29 Power Supply design continue. Switching Regulators National Semiconductor Texas Instrument ON Semiconductors Linear Technology National Semiconductor LM2267X LM2575 LA57XX LTM80XX LM20XXX LM310X SG352X TN5DXXX LTM46XX LM30XXX LM25XX MC33XX CS514XX LM25XXX LM557X

30 Assignment # 1 Why Switch mode power supplies are more efficient then linear power supplies

DIGITAL ELECTRONICS ANALOG ELECTRONICS

DIGITAL ELECTRONICS ANALOG ELECTRONICS DIGITAL ELECTRONICS 1. N10 4 Bit Binary Universal shift register. 2. N22- Random Access Memory (16*4). 3. N23- Read Only Memory. 4. N4-R-S/D-T Flip flop, characteristic and comparison. 5. Master Slave