Presented by: Jim P. Muccioli

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1 Dale L. Sanders X2Y Attenuators, LLC Hills Tech Dr. Farmington Hills, MI James P. Muccioli X2Y Attenuators, LLC Hills Tech Dr. Farmington Hills, MI Terry M. North DiamlerChrysler 8 Chrysler Auburn Hills, MI Kevin P. Slattery Intel Corporation JF2-54, 2111 N.E. 25 th Ave. Hillsboro, OR dale@x2y.com james@x2y.com tmn1@dcx.com kevin.p.slattery@intel.com Presented by: Jim P. Muccioli The Quantitative Measurement of the Effectiveness of Decoupling Capacitors in Controlling Switching Transients from Microprocessors 2/23/25 Presented at CARTS 25 - Palm Springs, CA 1

2 Panel Discussion on Bypass Capacitors Are you missing the boat? Low-Inductance caps are useless I m waiting for a majority before I take a stand on the issue Inductance should be measured in system Here we go again The real issue is Big V vs. Little V Carpet Bombing with capacitors reduces design time Inductance is over-exaggerated

3 Coplanar PCB Test Fixture & DUTs Coplanar S21 w/o DUT Frequency Insertion Loss (db) 3 khz 1 GHz.6dB 1 GHz 5 GHz 4dB 5 GHz 8.5 GHz 12.5dB Type DUTs Cap. Value (uf) Volt. Rating (VDC) Dielectric Package Aluminum electrolytic Capacitor 1. 5 AL EL B Aluminum electrolytic Capacitor AL EL B Aluminum electrolytic Capacitor AL EL C Aluminum electrolytic Capacitor 1 5 AL EL D Aluminum electrolytic Capacitor 47 5 AL EL G Aluminum electrolytic Capacitor 1 5 AL EL G Tantalum Chip Capacitor Tan A Tantalum Chip Capacitor Tan A Tantalum Chip Capacitor Tan A Tantalum Chip Capacitor 1 16 Tan B Tantalum Chip Capacitor Tan D Tantalum Chip Capacitor 1 16 Tan D MLCC 1. 1 Y5V 63 MLCC Y5V 85 MLCC Y5V 85 MLCC 1 1 Y5V 126 MLCC X5R 121 MLCC X5R 1812 MLCC.1 16 X7R 63 InterDigitated Capacitors (IDC) MLCC 1. 1 Y5V 612 InterDigitated Capacitors (IDC) MLCC X5R 612 Reverse Aspect Ratio, MLCC (Low-inductance).22 1 Y5V 36 Reverse Aspect Ratio, MLCC (Low-inductance) 1. 1 X5R 58 Reverse Aspect Ratio, MLCC (Low-inductance) X5R 612 Rated Total X2Y MLCC X7R 126 X2Y MLCC X7R 121 X2Y MLCC X7R 1812 X2Y MLCC X7R 126 X2Y MLCC X7R 121 X2Y MLCC X7R 1812 X2Y MLCC Y5V 121 X2Y MLCC Y5V 121 2/23/25 Presented at CARTS 25 - Palm Springs, CA 3

4 Time-Domain Experiment Set-up & Input Waveforms Duty Cycle 5/5 8/2 Rise/Fall time 1 ns 5 ns Frequency 1 khz 1 MHz 1 MHz Amplitude 5 V 2.2 V 2/23/25 Presented at CARTS 25 - Palm Springs, CA 4

5 Electrolytic Capacitors -1-2 s21 [Insertion Loss] (db) Electrolytic 1.uF "B" Electrolytic 2.2uF "B" Electrolytic 4.7uF "C" Electrolytic 47uF "G" Electrolytic 1uF "D" Electrolytic 1uF "G" Frequency (MHz) 8/2 Duty Cycle 5ns rise/fall time 2/23/25 Presented at CARTS 25 - Palm Springs, CA 5

6 Electrolytic Capacitors Reference - 8/2 Duty Cycle 5/5 Duty Cycle 1 MHz 2.2 V Amplitude 1 KHz * *Note 5ns rise/fall time equipment limitations 2/23/25 Presented at CARTS 25 - Palm Springs, CA 6

7 Tantalum Capacitors -1-2 s21 [Insertion Loss] (db) Tantalum 1.uF "A" -6 Tantalum 2.2uF "A" Tantalum 4.7uF "A" -7 Tantalum 47uF "D" -8 Tantalum 1uF "B" Tantalum 1uF "D" Frequency (MHz) 8/2 Duty Cycle 5/5 Duty Cycle 2/23/25 Presented at CARTS 25 - Palm Springs, CA 7

8 Standard MLCC -1-2 s21 [Insertion Loss] (db) MLCC 1.uF 63 MLCC 2.2uF 85-6 MLCC 4.7uF 85 MLCC 1uF MLCC 47uF MLCC 1uF 1812 MLCC.1uF Frequency (MHz) 8/2 Duty Cycle 5/5 Duty Cycle 2/23/25 Presented at CARTS 25 - Palm Springs, CA 8

9 Reverse-Aspect-Ratio (Low-Inductance [LL]) MLCC -1-2 s21 [Insertion Loss] (db) LL MLCC.22uF 36 LL MLCC 1.uF 58 LL MLCC 1.uF Frequency (MHz) 8/2 Duty Cycle 5/5 Duty Cycle 2/23/25 Presented at CARTS 25 - Palm Springs, CA 9

10 IDC TM MLCC -1-2 s21 [Insertion Loss] (db) IDC MLCC 1.uF 612 IDC MLCC 2.2uF Frequency (MHz) 8/2 Duty Cycle 5/5 Duty Cycle 2/23/25 Presented at CARTS 25 - Palm Springs, CA 1

11 X2Y MLCC s21 [Insertion Loss] (db) X2Y.47uF 126 X2Y.56uF 121 X2Y.47uF 1812 X2Y.82uF 126 X2Y.82uF 121 X2Y 1.uF 1812 X2Y 5.uF 121 X2Y 6.5uF Frequency (MHz) 8/2 Duty Cycle 5/5 Duty Cycle 2/23/25 Presented at CARTS 25 - Palm Springs, CA 11

12 Additional High Frequency Test #1 Component Electrolytic 1uF Tantalum 1uF Std. MLCC 1uF LL MLCC 1.uF IDC TM 1.uF X2Y.56uF (1.12uF total) X2Y 5.uF (1uF total) X2Y 6.5uF (13uF total) Square Wave Peak-to-Peak 571 mv 319 mv 134 mv 128 mv 25.3 mv 19.6 mv 16.7 mv 13.2 mv 2/23/25 Presented at CARTS 25 - Palm Springs, CA 12

13 Additional High Frequency Test #2 Component Electrolytic 1uF Tantalum 1uF Std. MLCC 1uF LL MLCC 1.uF IDC TM 1.uF X2Y.56uF (1.12uF total) X2Y 5.uF (1uF total) X2Y 6.5uF (13uF total) Random Peak-to-Peak 597 mv 311 mv 134 mv 116 mv 25.3 mv 15.5 mv 17.2 mv 14.2 mv 2/23/25 Presented at CARTS 25 - Palm Springs, CA 13

14 X2Y Circuit Multi-Plane Decoupling 1-1 PCB Fixture s11 s12 s13 s14 s21 s22 s23 s24 s31 s32 s33 s34 s41 s42 s43 s X2Y 63 1nF s11 s12 s13 s14 s21 s22 s23 s24 s31 s32 s33 s34 s41 s42 s43 s /23/25 Presented at CARTS 25 - Palm Springs, CA 14

15 X2Y Circuit Multi-Plane Decoupling 4 Ch 1 Input Ch 2 Input.4 Ch 1 X2Y Ch 2 X2Y Amplitude (volts) 1 Amplitude (volts) E+ 5.E-8 1.E-7 1.5E-7 2.E-7 2.5E-7 3.E-7 3.5E-7 4.E-7.E+ 5.E-8 1.E-7 1.5E-7 2.E-7 2.5E-7 3.E-7 3.5E-7 4.E-7 Time (sec) Time (sec) 2/23/25 Presented at CARTS 25 - Palm Springs, CA 15

16 X2Y Circuit 1 - Multi-Plane Decoupling (crosstalk) Ch 1 X2Y Ch 2 X2Y Crosstalk Board Crosstalk X2Y.1 Amplitude (volts) E+ 5.E-8 1.E-7 1.5E-7 2.E-7 2.5E-7 3.E-7 3.5E-7 4.E-7 Time (sec) 2/23/25 Presented at CARTS 25 - Palm Springs, CA 16

17 Questions? Please Contact: X2Y Attenuators, LLC Hills Tech Dr. Farmington Hills, MI IPCs are the foremost capacitor technology that can supply the instantaneous current needs and HF transient filtering for ICs. NEMI Roadmap shows IPC also offer cost savings advantages to OEMs. X2Y is the premier IPC for performance and cost. 2/23/25 Presented at CARTS 25 - Palm Springs, CA 17

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