X2Y Capacitors for Instrumentation Amplifier RFI Suppression

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "X2Y Capacitors for Instrumentation Amplifier RFI Suppression"

Transcription

1 XY Capacitors for Instrumentation mplifier Summary Instrumentation amplifiers are often employed in hostile environments. Long sensor lead cables may pick-up substantial RF radiation, particularly if they are not well shielded. When applied to the input of an instrumentation amplifier, RF C common mode voltages can result in DC rectification, and a consequential shift in the output operating point of the instrument amplifier. This application note compares a traditional solution vs. a new solution using XY Technology for RFI suppression to improve common mode rejection and prevent DC rectification in instrumentation amplifiers (In-amps). Standard Solutions To prevent DC rectification, RFI filters may be employed at the input to the instrument amplifier. n ideal RFI filter: Inserts no attenuation or phase distortion within the signal pass band. Inserts infinite attenuation outside the pass band. Is perfectly balanced, i.e. it introduces no conversion of common mode noise to differential signals. common starting point is to simply apply a pair of low-pass filters, one to each leg of the differential input: R 4.0K % C 0pF Sig_in Sig_out R C 0pF 4.0K % Figure. 'Y' Common Mode RFI Filter. The common mode and differential pass band that results is simply: F pole _ cm = n R C DISCLIMER: Information and suggestions furnished in this document by XY ttenuators, LLC are believed to be reliable and accurate. XY ttenuators, LLC assumes no responsibility for its use, nor for any infringements of patents or other rights of third parties which may result from its use. XY is a registered trademark. ll other brand or product names mentioned in this document are trademark or registered trademarks of their respective holders. These notes are subject to change without notice. Copyright XY ttenuators, LLC all rights reserved. Note# 008, v.0, 4/8/05 Page of 9

2 XY Capacitors for Instrumentation mplifier However, mismatches between the R / C, and R / C networks result in unequal attenuation and phase approaching and above the respective poles. This converts a substantial amount of common mode signal and noise to differential noise from well below the point where common mode filtering affords any significant attenuation. Mode conversion from this filter arrangement can easily reduce the d CMRR of a high quality instrumentation amplifier to 0d or less. To overcome this problem a large value X capacitor is used to bridge across the two Y capacitors, and thereby equalize differences: R Sig_in 4.0K % C 0pF C 0nF Sig_out R C 0pF 4.0K % Figure. 'X' + 'Y' Common Mode RFI Filter. The X shunt has two effects: a. The desired effect of common mode balancing, b. n undesired side effect of differential signal filtering To be effective, we need C >> C. The differential signal pole appears at: F pole _ dm = F pole _ cm C C ( * C ) + C C The greater the mismatch between the two R X / C X networks, the greater the required ratio between C and C and hence the more differential signal bandwidth we surrender in the name of RFI filtering. Typically, high quality film capacitors are limited to +/-% tolerance. Note# 008, v.0, 4/8/05 Page of 9

3 XY Capacitors for Instrumentation mplifier Figure. Signal vs. RFI Filtering: 4kHz => X + Y, 0pF Y. XY Capacitors XY capacitors are three terminal devices with four external connections:,, G, and G. Figure 4. XY Capacitor. G G G G Figure 5. XY Construction. G and G connect internally within the device. The internal plate structure of the XY capacitor forms an Integrated Passive Circuit with very interesting properties. Note# 008, v.0, 4/8/05 Page of 9

4 XY Capacitors for Instrumentation mplifier Electrostatically, the three electrical nodes form two capacitors that share the G and G terminals. The manufacturing process automatically matches both capacitors very closely. G G Figure 6. XY Electrostatic Model. The more layers in the capacitor, the better this matching is. However, the magnetic circuits within an XY capacitor make these parts even more novel. The XY structure includes an effective autotransformer / common mode choke. t frequencies above the SRF, the autotransformer dominates behavior. This transformer structure contains no ferrous metals, and by its geometry is effective into the GHz. The ESR of XY multi-layer capacitors varies from about 00 milliohms for the smallest capacitances, down to a few milliohms for the largest capacitance values. t frequencies well above or below the SRF the ESR has little effect and may be largely ignored. To illustrate the common mode choke behavior, we redraw with both the ESR and capacitance shorted (Figure 7): G/G G/G Difference potentials see an inductor of X 'turns', = 4X inductance of a single 'winding'. Common potentials generate opposing fields, and see only the leakage inductance. Figure 7. utotransformer / common mode choke behavior of the XY structure. Note# 008, v.0, 4/8/05 Page 4 of 9

5 XY Capacitors for Instrumentation mplifier For to difference signals the autotransformer appears as an inductor with twice the turns as the G/G winding, and hence four times the inductance. Conversely, for common mode potentials from / to G/G the fields oppose, and the remaining inductance is the difference of the G/G inductance, and coupling factor times the G/G inductance. This magnetic coupling serves to balance the currents in each leg and therefore the complex common mode impedance presented by each leg. Combined with the inherently tightly matched capacitance, the XY capacitor preserves high CMRRs, not only at audio frequencies but up into the low GHz. nd it does so without a performance compromising X capacitor. For example, consider a typical three capacitor X + Y filter: J J PE454 R 4.0K % R C 0pF C 0pF C 0nF RC 499 % C 0nF 4 U C4 0nF CON J PE K % 5 C5 0nF C6 0nF Figure 8. Traditional 'X' + 'Y' RFI Filter. nd, contrast this with a filter, using only one 0nF rated XY capacitor: J J PE454 R 4.0K % R C 0nF RC 499 % C 0nF 4 U C4 0nF CON J PE K % 5 C5 0nF C6 0nF Figure 9. XY RFI Filter. Note# 008, v.0, 4/8/05 Page 5 of 9

6 XY Capacitors for Instrumentation mplifier The X capacitor in our conventional circuit appears in the differential signal path. The minor aberrations of even an X7R type dielectric will cause unwanted signal distortion. So, an expensive and fragile plastic film capacitor is called for. For the values shown, differential roll-off begins at khz, while common mode filtering does not begin until 40KHz. On the other hand, the XY circuit contains only two Y capacitors, and so the cut-off frequency for both the common mode and differential signals is now the same: 4kHz. ecause of the tight balance between capacitor halves, piezoelectric effects are equal and opposite, canceling out. This allows us to use ceramics with XY with little or no signal distortion, where we could not with the traditional discrete filter. Figure 0. Signal vs. RFI Filtering: 4kHz => 0nF. For both circuits, common mode rejection increases from the common mode cutoff at 0d / decade until the self-resonant frequency of the mounted capacitor is reached. ttenuation then decreases at 0d / decade until stabilizing at the ratio of device mounted ESL divided by the combined ESL and the circuit series inductance. The Y configuration of the XY capacitor, and lower effective inductance together afford much greater RFI attenuation than a discrete solution with similar signal bandwidth. For the circuits shown below, the XY solution maintains a d advantage from 00KHz to over 00MHz, and a significant advantage at all higher frequencies. In this example the XY signal bandwidth is twice that of the discrete circuit. Setting the signal bandwidths equal would increase the XY advantage to 9d+. Note# 008, v.0, 4/8/05 Page 6 of 9

7 XY Capacitors for Instrumentation mplifier Specialized pplications Figure. RFI attenuation, XY vs. X + Y. Under certain circumstances, the series filter resistors may be eliminated. If the signal source includes significant, controlled and matched impedance, such as a strain gauge bridge, and the cables are not very long, then we can scale the capacitor value, and eliminate the series resistors: J VCC J PE454 J PE454 C 00nF RC 499 % C 0nF 4 U C4 0nF CON J PE454 5 C5 0nF C6 0nF Figure. Strain Gauge Filter. Some caution is warranted with cables long enough to behave as transmission lines to impinging RFI. The low impedance of the filter capacitor does not properly terminate a transmission line. In such cases, the series resistors should be retained to decouple the suppression capacitor from the cable and prevent formation of standing waves. XY Capacitors for Decoupling The unique construction of XY capacitors makes them not only unsurpassed for RFI filtering, but also for decoupling. y simply tying the / terminals together, we get the XY Circuit configuration. s we saw before, voltages common to both terminals result in currents with opposing magnetic fields, sic very low effective inductance. XY capacitors in the Circuit configuration demonstrate ESL well under 00pH, compared to pH for quality 060 devices. Note# 008, v.0, 4/8/05 Page 7 of 9

8 XY Capacitors for Instrumentation mplifier J C 00nF* CON J PE454 R 4.0K % R C 0nF R 499 % 4 U J PE K % 5 C 00nF* Test Results Figure. XY Filter, w/ XY Decoupling. Test circuits were constructed using both the traditional X + Y capacitor configuration shown in Figure 8, and the XY filter shown in Figure 9. The inputs were shorted together with a 50 ohm shunt to ground and driven with a V p-p, KHz to 0MHz sweep signal as measured at the input shunt. In both cases the filters performed as expected, suppressing RFI rectification that would be visible as a shift in the DC output. oth circuits exhibited very good common mode rejection. Table. Comparisons of test circuit performance, XY vs. discrete. Parameter XY 0nF Discrete 0nF+nF+nF Comments DC offset shift <0.uV <0.uV Referred to input Common mode rejection 9d 9d Conclusion The novel construction and equivalent circuit of the XY Integrated Passive Circuit, uniquely suit it to instrumentation RFI suppression applications. Only XY capacitors have the combined features: tightly matched capacitors and integrated GHz common mode magnetics. Note# 008, v.0, 4/8/05 Page 8 of 9

9 XY Capacitors for Instrumentation mplifier Compared to the traditional X + Y filter The XY solution is: Simpler, using fewer components to achieve the same result. Smaller, one XY vs. three standard components uses significantly less space on the printed circuit board. Lower cost, the discrete solution uses specialized tight-tolerance film capacitors, which raises the cost of the filtering. The XY MLCC uses standard X7R dielectric and tight tolerance (balance) is inherent in the XY design, yielding a 70-80% cost savings. Superior at all frequencies, XY exhibits broad band performance characteristics vs. the narrow band discrete counterpart. In addition to use as RFI input filters, XY capacitors provide unmatched performance as decoupling capacitors, allowing for further: simplification, size reduction and cost savings. Note: Performance results reported in this and other application notes can only be achieved with patented XY components sourced from XY licensed manufacturers or their authorized distribution channels. Contact Information Direct inquiries and questions about this application note or XY products to xy@xy.com or telephone: XY ttenuators, LLC 70 West st Street Erie, P Phone: Fax: To visit us on the web, go to uthor cknowledgement XY ttenuators, LLC would like to thank Steve Weir for authoring this application note and for the test board development shown. Steve has over 5 years industry experience, holds numerous patents, and is a frequent contributor to the si_list. Steve Weir Steve Weir Design Engineering Petaluma, C weirspde@comcast.net Note# 008, v.0, 4/8/05 Page 9 of 9

Internal Model of X2Y Chip Technology

Internal Model of X2Y Chip Technology Internal Model of X2Y Chip Technology Summary At high frequencies, traditional discrete components are significantly limited in performance by their parasitics, which are inherent in the design. For example,

More information

"Improve Instrument Amplifier Performance with X2Y Optimized Input Filter"

Improve Instrument Amplifier Performance with X2Y Optimized Input Filter "Improve Instrument Amplifier Performance with X2Y Optimized Input Filter" By Wm. P. (Bill) Klein, PE Senior Technical Staff Johanson Dielectrics, Inc ABSTRACT: The common-mode rejection ability of an

More information

X2Y versus CM Chokes and PI Filters. Content X2Y Attenuators, LLC

X2Y versus CM Chokes and PI Filters. Content X2Y Attenuators, LLC X2Y versus CM Chokes and PI Filters 1 Common Mode and EMI Most EMI compliance problems are common mode emissions. Only 10 s of uas in external cables are enough to violate EMC standards. 2 Common Mode

More information

Heat sink. Insulator. µp Package. Heatsink is shown with parasitic coupling.

Heat sink. Insulator. µp Package. Heatsink is shown with parasitic coupling. X2Y Heatsink EMI Reduction Solution Summary Many OEM s have EMI problems caused by fast switching gates of IC devices. For end products sold to consumers, products must meet FCC Class B regulations for

More information

IC Decoupling and EMI Suppression using X2Y Technology

IC Decoupling and EMI Suppression using X2Y Technology IC Decoupling and EMI Suppression using X2Y Technology Summary Decoupling and EMI suppression of ICs is a complex system level engineering problem complicated by the desire for faster switching gates,

More information

Measurement and Comparative S21 Performance of Raw and Mounted Decoupling Capacitors

Measurement and Comparative S21 Performance of Raw and Mounted Decoupling Capacitors Measurement and Comparative S21 Performance of Raw and Mounted Decoupling Capacitors Summary Introduction Capacitors All IC power systems require some level of passive decoupling. The ability to accurately

More information

X2Y for Today s Circuits

X2Y for Today s Circuits X2Y for Today s Circuits Circuit designers today are challenged with maintaining Signal and Power Integrity amid increasing Electro-Magnetic Compliance (EMC) requirements, while at the same time lowering

More information

Filter Considerations for the IBC

Filter Considerations for the IBC APPLICATION NOTE AN:202 Filter Considerations for the IBC Mike DeGaetano Application Engineering Contents Page Introduction 1 IBC Attributes 1 Input Filtering Considerations 2 Damping and Converter Bandwidth

More information

Outcomes: Core Competencies for ECE145A/218A

Outcomes: Core Competencies for ECE145A/218A Outcomes: Core Competencies for ECE145A/18A 1. Transmission Lines and Lumped Components 1. Use S parameters and the Smith Chart for design of lumped element and distributed L matching networks. Able to

More information

AN-671 APPLICATION NOTE One Technology Way P.O. Box 9106 Norwood, MA Tel: 781/ Fax: 781/

AN-671 APPLICATION NOTE One Technology Way P.O. Box 9106 Norwood, MA Tel: 781/ Fax: 781/ APPLICATION NOTE One Technology Way P.O. Box 910 Norwood, MA 0202-910 Tel: 781/329-4700 Fax: 781/32-8703 www.analog.com Reducing RFI Rectification Errors in In-Amp Circuits By Charles Kitchin, Lew Counts,

More information

Passive Components around ADAS Applications By Ron Demcko, AVX Fellow, AVX Corporation

Passive Components around ADAS Applications By Ron Demcko, AVX Fellow, AVX Corporation Passive Components around ADAS Applications By Ron Demcko, AVX Fellow, AVX Corporation The importance of high reliability - high performance electronics is accelerating as Advanced Driver Assistance Systems

More information

Decoupling capacitor uses and selection

Decoupling capacitor uses and selection Decoupling capacitor uses and selection Proper Decoupling Poor Decoupling Introduction Covered in this topic: 3 different uses of decoupling capacitors Why we need decoupling capacitors Power supply rail

More information

Example of a ferrite bead being replaced by an X2Y component. Metal enclosure closed (Left); CMD-11E1 in metal enclosure.

Example of a ferrite bead being replaced by an X2Y component. Metal enclosure closed (Left); CMD-11E1 in metal enclosure. Summary Laptop computers, digital cameras and other consumer electronic devices currently require the use of a bulky ferrite filter on the power cord to meet FCC Subpart B or equivalent EMC regulations.

More information

Alternative X2Y Component Attachment for Power Filtering

Alternative X2Y Component Attachment for Power Filtering Alternative X2Y Component Attachment Summary The purpose of this application note is to specifically address the performance results of the X2Y Technology when the power return is referenced to the chassis

More information

The Ins and Outs of Audio Transformers. How to Choose them and How to Use them

The Ins and Outs of Audio Transformers. How to Choose them and How to Use them The Ins and Outs of Audio Transformers How to Choose them and How to Use them Steve Hogan Product Development Engineer, Jensen Transformers 1983 1989 Designed new products and provided application assistance

More information

The shunt capacitor is the critical element

The shunt capacitor is the critical element Accurate Feedthrough Capacitor Measurements at High Frequencies Critical for Component Evaluation and High Current Design A shielded measurement chamber allows accurate assessment and modeling of low pass

More information

Mini Evaluation Board for Filterless Class-D Audio Amplifier EVAL-SSM2301-MINI

Mini Evaluation Board for Filterless Class-D Audio Amplifier EVAL-SSM2301-MINI Mini Evaluation Board for Filterless Class-D Audio Amplifier EVAL-SSM30-MINI FEATURES DC power supply accepts.5 V to 5.5 V Single-ended and differential input capability Extremely small board size allows

More information

CHQ SERIES. Surface Mount Chip Capacitors: Ultra High Frequency

CHQ SERIES. Surface Mount Chip Capacitors: Ultra High Frequency 26 High Frequency Measurement and Performance of High Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors Introduction Capacitors used in High Frequency applications are generally used in two particular circuit applications:

More information

TRANSDUCER INTERFACE APPLICATIONS

TRANSDUCER INTERFACE APPLICATIONS TRANSDUCER INTERFACE APPLICATIONS Instrumentation amplifiers have long been used as preamplifiers in transducer applications. High quality transducers typically provide a highly linear output, but at a

More information

Suppression Techniques using X2Y as a Broadband EMI Filter IEEE International Symposium on EMC, Boston, MA

Suppression Techniques using X2Y as a Broadband EMI Filter IEEE International Symposium on EMC, Boston, MA Suppression Techniques using X2Y as a Broadband EMI Filter Jim Muccioli Tony Anthony Dave Anthony Dale Sanders X2Y Attenuators, LLC Erie, PA 16506-2972 www.x2y.com Email: x2y@x2y.com Bart Bouma Yageo/Phycomp

More information

6 db Differential Line Receiver

6 db Differential Line Receiver a FEATURES High Common-Mode Rejection DC: 9 db typ Hz: 9 db typ khz: 8 db typ Ultralow THD:.% typ @ khz Fast Slew Rate: V/ s typ Wide Bandwidth: 7 MHz typ (G = /) Two Gain Levels Available: G = / or Low

More information

AN-742 APPLICATION NOTE One Technology Way P.O. Box 9106 Norwood, MA Tel: 781/ Fax: 781/

AN-742 APPLICATION NOTE One Technology Way P.O. Box 9106 Norwood, MA Tel: 781/ Fax: 781/ APPLICATION NOTE One Technology Way P.O. Box 9106 Norwood, MA 02062-9106 Tel: 781/329-4700 Fax: 781/461-3113 www.analog.com Frequency Domain Response of Switched-Capacitor ADCs by Rob Reeder INTRODUCTION

More information

Differential-Mode Emissions

Differential-Mode Emissions Differential-Mode Emissions In Fig. 13-5, the primary purpose of the capacitor C F, however, is to filter the full-wave rectified ac line voltage. The filter capacitor is therefore a large-value, high-voltage

More information

Chapter.8: Oscillators

Chapter.8: Oscillators Chapter.8: Oscillators Objectives: To understand The basic operation of an Oscillator the working of low frequency oscillators RC phase shift oscillator Wien bridge Oscillator the working of tuned oscillator

More information

Ferrites for High Frequency Noise Suppression Chapter 9

Ferrites for High Frequency Noise Suppression Chapter 9 TMPST ngineering and Hardware Design Dr. Bruce C. abrielson, NC 1998 Ferrites for High Frequency Noise Suppression Chapter 9 Introduction The drive for higher speed devices and the proliferation of widespread

More information

Rail-to-Rail, High Output Current Amplifier AD8397

Rail-to-Rail, High Output Current Amplifier AD8397 Rail-to-Rail, High Output Current Amplifier FEATURES Dual operational amplifier Voltage feedback Wide supply range from 3 V to 24 V Rail-to-rail output Output swing to within.5 V of supply rails High linear

More information

Using Ferrites for High Frequency Noise Suppression

Using Ferrites for High Frequency Noise Suppression Using Ferrites for High Frequency Noise Suppression Bruce C. abrielson, PhD Security ngineering Services PO Box 550, Chesapeake Beach, Maryland 20732 Introduction The drive for higher speed devices and

More information

CHAPTER - 3 PIN DIODE RF ATTENUATORS

CHAPTER - 3 PIN DIODE RF ATTENUATORS CHAPTER - 3 PIN DIODE RF ATTENUATORS 2 NOTES 3 PIN DIODE VARIABLE ATTENUATORS INTRODUCTION An Attenuator [1] is a network designed to introduce a known amount of loss when functioning between two resistive

More information

Advanced Topics in EMC Design. Issue 1: The ground plane to split or not to split?

Advanced Topics in EMC Design. Issue 1: The ground plane to split or not to split? NEEDS 2006 workshop Advanced Topics in EMC Design Tim Williams Elmac Services C o n s u l t a n c y a n d t r a i n i n g i n e l e c t r o m a g n e t i c c o m p a t i b i l i t y e-mail timw@elmac.co.uk

More information

Categorized by the type of core on which inductors are wound:

Categorized by the type of core on which inductors are wound: Inductors Categorized by the type of core on which inductors are wound: air core and magnetic core. The magnetic core inductors can be subdivided depending on whether the core is open or closed. Equivalent

More information

Input Stage Concerns. APPLICATION NOTE 656 Design Trade-Offs for Single-Supply Op Amps

Input Stage Concerns. APPLICATION NOTE 656 Design Trade-Offs for Single-Supply Op Amps Maxim/Dallas > App Notes > AMPLIFIER AND COMPARATOR CIRCUITS Keywords: single-supply, op amps, amplifiers, design, trade-offs, operational amplifiers Apr 03, 2000 APPLICATION NOTE 656 Design Trade-Offs

More information

Title : X2Y Integrated Passive Devices : A Breakthrough in High Speed Decoupling and Broadband Filtering.

Title : X2Y Integrated Passive Devices : A Breakthrough in High Speed Decoupling and Broadband Filtering. Title : X2Y Integrated Passive Devices : A Breakthrough in High Speed Decoupling and Broadband Filtering. Rob Derksen, Bart Bouma, Jim Muccioli, Dave Anthony Rob Derksen, Bart Bouma Phycomp/Yageo Bredeweg

More information

AN4819 Application note

AN4819 Application note Application note PCB design guidelines for the BlueNRG-1 device Introduction The BlueNRG1 is a very low power Bluetooth low energy (BLE) single-mode system-on-chip compliant with Bluetooth specification

More information

Balanced Line Driver & Receiver

Balanced Line Driver & Receiver Balanced Line Driver & Receiver Rod Elliott (ESP) Introduction Sometimes, you just can't get rid of that %$#*& hum, no matter what you do. Especially with long interconnects (such as to a powered sub-woofer),

More information

Lab E5: Filters and Complex Impedance

Lab E5: Filters and Complex Impedance E5.1 Lab E5: Filters and Complex Impedance Note: It is strongly recommended that you complete lab E4: Capacitors and the RC Circuit before performing this experiment. Introduction Ohm s law, a well known

More information

Single Supply, Rail to Rail Low Power FET-Input Op Amp AD820

Single Supply, Rail to Rail Low Power FET-Input Op Amp AD820 a FEATURES True Single Supply Operation Output Swings Rail-to-Rail Input Voltage Range Extends Below Ground Single Supply Capability from + V to + V Dual Supply Capability from. V to 8 V Excellent Load

More information

When input, output and feedback voltages are all symmetric bipolar signals with respect to ground, no biasing is required.

When input, output and feedback voltages are all symmetric bipolar signals with respect to ground, no biasing is required. 1 When input, output and feedback voltages are all symmetric bipolar signals with respect to ground, no biasing is required. More frequently, one of the items in this slide will be the case and biasing

More information

Description. Output Stage. 5k (10k) - + 5k (10k)

Description. Output Stage. 5k (10k) - + 5k (10k) THAT Corporation Low Noise, High Performance Audio Preamplifier IC FEATURES Low Noise: 1 nv/hz input noise (60dB gain) 34 nv/hz input noise (0dB gain) (1512) Low THD+N (full audio bandwidth): 0.001% 40dB

More information

AN-1098 APPLICATION NOTE

AN-1098 APPLICATION NOTE APPLICATION NOTE One Technology Way P.O. Box 9106 Norwood, MA 02062-9106, U.S.A. Tel: 781.329.4700 Fax: 781.461.3113 www.analog.com Methodology for Narrow-Band Interface Design Between High Performance

More information

CHAPTER 4 MEASUREMENT OF NOISE SOURCE IMPEDANCE

CHAPTER 4 MEASUREMENT OF NOISE SOURCE IMPEDANCE 69 CHAPTER 4 MEASUREMENT OF NOISE SOURCE IMPEDANCE 4.1 INTRODUCTION EMI filter performance depends on the noise source impedance of the circuit and the noise load impedance at the test site. The noise

More information

X2Y Attenuators, LLC. X2Y Technology in DC Motors

X2Y Attenuators, LLC. X2Y Technology in DC Motors X2Y Attenuators, LLC X2Y Technology in DC Motors X2Y Technology Overview 1. X2Y Technology Overview Company and manufactures Technology General Overview Internal/External Design Differences Technology

More information

LDO Regulator Stability Using Ceramic Output Capacitors

LDO Regulator Stability Using Ceramic Output Capacitors LDO Regulator Stability Using Ceramic Output Capacitors Introduction Ultra-low ESR capacitors such as ceramics are highly desirable because they can support fast-changing load transients and also bypass

More information

LCR Parallel Circuits

LCR Parallel Circuits Module 10 AC Theory Introduction to What you'll learn in Module 10. The LCR Parallel Circuit. Module 10.1 Ideal Parallel Circuits. Recognise ideal LCR parallel circuits and describe the effects of internal

More information

Probe Considerations for Low Voltage Measurements such as Ripple

Probe Considerations for Low Voltage Measurements such as Ripple Probe Considerations for Low Voltage Measurements such as Ripple Our thanks to Tektronix for allowing us to reprint the following article. Figure 1. 2X Probe (CH1) and 10X Probe (CH2) Lowest System Vertical

More information

Technology in Balance

Technology in Balance Technology in Balance A G1 G2 B Basic Structure Comparison Regular capacitors have two plates or electrodes surrounded by a dielectric material. There is capacitance between the two conductive plates within

More information

Examining a New In-Amp Architecture for Communication Satellites

Examining a New In-Amp Architecture for Communication Satellites Examining a New In-Amp Architecture for Communication Satellites Introduction With more than 500 conventional sensors monitoring the condition and performance of various subsystems on a medium sized spacecraft,

More information

Low Cost Instrumentation Amplifier AD622

Low Cost Instrumentation Amplifier AD622 a FEATURES Easy to Use Low Cost Solution Higher Performance than Two or Three Op Amp Design Unity Gain with No External Resistor Optional Gains with One External Resistor (Gain Range 2 to ) Wide Power

More information

Chapter 2. The Fundamentals of Electronics: A Review

Chapter 2. The Fundamentals of Electronics: A Review Chapter 2 The Fundamentals of Electronics: A Review Topics Covered 2-1: Gain, Attenuation, and Decibels 2-2: Tuned Circuits 2-3: Filters 2-4: Fourier Theory 2-1: Gain, Attenuation, and Decibels Most circuits

More information

LISN UP Application Note

LISN UP Application Note LISN UP Application Note What is the LISN UP? The LISN UP is a passive device that enables the EMC Engineer to easily distinguish between differential mode noise and common mode noise. This will enable

More information

Lecture 14 Interface Electronics (Part 2) ECE 5900/6900 Fundamentals of Sensor Design

Lecture 14 Interface Electronics (Part 2) ECE 5900/6900 Fundamentals of Sensor Design EE 4900: Fundamentals of Sensor Design 1 Lecture 14 Interface Electronics (Part 2) Interface Electronics (Part 2) 2 Linearizing Bridge Circuits (Sensor Tech Hand book) Precision Op amps, Auto Zero Op amps,

More information

Evaluation Board Analog Output Functions and Characteristics

Evaluation Board Analog Output Functions and Characteristics Evaluation Board Analog Output Functions and Characteristics Application Note July 2002 AN1023 Introduction The ISL5239 Evaluation Board includes the circuit provisions to convert the baseband digital

More information

High Common-Mode Rejection. Differential Line Receiver SSM2141 REV. B FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM FEATURES. High Common-Mode Rejection

High Common-Mode Rejection. Differential Line Receiver SSM2141 REV. B FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM FEATURES. High Common-Mode Rejection a FEATURES High Common-Mode Rejection DC: 100 db typ 60 Hz: 100 db typ 20 khz: 70 db typ 40 khz: 62 db typ Low Distortion: 0.001% typ Fast Slew Rate: 9.5 V/ s typ Wide Bandwidth: 3 MHz typ Low Cost Complements

More information

Keysight Measuring High Impedance Sources Using the U8903B Audio Analyzer. Application Note

Keysight Measuring High Impedance Sources Using the U8903B Audio Analyzer. Application Note Keysight Measuring High Impedance Sources Using the U8903B Audio Analyzer Application Note Introduction This note details the input impedance of the U8903B Audio Analyzer, and shows that this needs to

More information

Designing Microphone Preamplifiers. Steve Green 24th AES UK Conference June 2011

Designing Microphone Preamplifiers. Steve Green 24th AES UK Conference June 2011 Designing Microphone Preamplifiers Steve Green 24th AES UK Conference June 2011 This presentation is an abbreviated version of a tutorial given at the 2010 AES Conference in San Francisco. The complete

More information

AD8232 EVALUATION BOARD DOCUMENTATION

AD8232 EVALUATION BOARD DOCUMENTATION One Technology Way P.O. Box 9106 Norwood, MA 02062-9106 Tel: 781.329.4700 Fax: 781.461.3113 www.analog.com AD8232 EVALUATION BOARD DOCUMENTATION FEATURES Ready to use Heart Rate Monitor (HRM) Front end

More information

Interference & Suppression Page 59

Interference & Suppression Page 59 INTERFERENCE Interference & Suppression Page 59 Front-End Overload, Cross-Modulation What is meant by receiver overload? Interference caused by strong signals from a nearby transmitter What is one way

More information

AltiumLive 2017: Component selection for EMC

AltiumLive 2017: Component selection for EMC AltiumLive 2017: Component selection for EMC Martin O Hara Victory Lighting Ltd Munich, 24-25 October 2017 Component Selection Passives resistors, capacitors and inductors Discrete diodes, bipolar transistors,

More information

Zero-Drift, High Voltage, Bidirectional Difference Amplifier AD8207

Zero-Drift, High Voltage, Bidirectional Difference Amplifier AD8207 Zero-Drift, High Voltage, Bidirectional Difference Amplifier FEATURES Ideal for current shunt applications EMI filters included μv/ C maximum input offset drift High common-mode voltage range 4 V to +65

More information

A Novel Control Method to Minimize Distortion in AC Inverters. Dennis Gyma

A Novel Control Method to Minimize Distortion in AC Inverters. Dennis Gyma A Novel Control Method to Minimize Distortion in AC Inverters Dennis Gyma Hewlett-Packard Company 150 Green Pond Road Rockaway, NJ 07866 ABSTRACT In PWM AC inverters, the duty-cycle modulator transfer

More information

Op Amp Booster Designs

Op Amp Booster Designs Op Amp Booster Designs Although modern integrated circuit operational amplifiers ease linear circuit design, IC processing limits amplifier output power. Many applications, however, require substantially

More information

Dual, Current Feedback Low Power Op Amp AD812

Dual, Current Feedback Low Power Op Amp AD812 a FEATURES Two Video Amplifiers in One -Lead SOIC Package Optimized for Driving Cables in Video Systems Excellent Video Specifications (R L = ): Gain Flatness. db to MHz.% Differential Gain Error. Differential

More information

Improve Simulation Accuracy When Using Passive Components

Improve Simulation Accuracy When Using Passive Components Improve Simulation Accuracy When Using Passive Components A better IC model can improve PSpice simulation accuracies, but other components, such as, passive components, can influence simulation accuracy

More information

1 of 11 30/08/2011 8:50 AM

1 of 11 30/08/2011 8:50 AM 1 of 11 30/08/2011 8:50 AM All Ferrite Beads Are Not Created Equal - Understanding the Importance of Ferrite Bead Material Behavior August 2010 Written by Chris Burket, TDK Corporation A common scenario:

More information

Evaluation Board for Filterless Class-D Audio Amplifier EVAL-SSM2335

Evaluation Board for Filterless Class-D Audio Amplifier EVAL-SSM2335 Evaluation Board for Filterless Class-D Audio Amplifier EVAL-SSM2335 FEATURES Single-ended and differential input capability User-friendly interface connection Optimized EMI suppression filter assembled

More information

Low Cost, General Purpose High Speed JFET Amplifier AD825

Low Cost, General Purpose High Speed JFET Amplifier AD825 a FEATURES High Speed 41 MHz, 3 db Bandwidth 125 V/ s Slew Rate 8 ns Settling Time Input Bias Current of 2 pa and Noise Current of 1 fa/ Hz Input Voltage Noise of 12 nv/ Hz Fully Specified Power Supplies:

More information

LF to 4 GHz High Linearity Y-Mixer ADL5350

LF to 4 GHz High Linearity Y-Mixer ADL5350 LF to GHz High Linearity Y-Mixer ADL535 FEATURES Broadband radio frequency (RF), intermediate frequency (IF), and local oscillator (LO) ports Conversion loss:. db Noise figure:.5 db High input IP3: 25

More information

AN-1106 Custom Instrumentation Amplifier Design Author: Craig Cary Date: January 16, 2017

AN-1106 Custom Instrumentation Amplifier Design Author: Craig Cary Date: January 16, 2017 AN-1106 Custom Instrumentation Author: Craig Cary Date: January 16, 2017 Abstract This application note describes some of the fine points of designing an instrumentation amplifier with op-amps. We will

More information

Simple Quartz Crystal Models: A Review

Simple Quartz Crystal Models: A Review Simple Quartz Crystal Models: A Review Wes Hayward, w7zoi, 2 May 2017 A recent Internet posting ask about quartz crystals and the way the properties, mainly stability, change as the package and size change,

More information

Class-D Audio Power Amplifiers: PCB Layout For Audio Quality, EMC & Thermal Success (Home Entertainment Devices)

Class-D Audio Power Amplifiers: PCB Layout For Audio Quality, EMC & Thermal Success (Home Entertainment Devices) Class-D Audio Power Amplifiers: PCB Layout For Audio Quality, EMC & Thermal Success (Home Entertainment Devices) Stephen Crump http://e2e.ti.com Audio Power Amplifier Applications Audio and Imaging Products

More information

Very Low Distortion, Precision Difference Amplifier AD8274

Very Low Distortion, Precision Difference Amplifier AD8274 Very Low Distortion, Precision Difference Amplifier AD8274 FEATURES Very low distortion.2% THD + N (2 khz).% THD + N ( khz) Drives Ω loads Excellent gain accuracy.3% maximum gain error 2 ppm/ C maximum

More information

University of Jordan School of Engineering Electrical Engineering Department. EE 219 Electrical Circuits Lab

University of Jordan School of Engineering Electrical Engineering Department. EE 219 Electrical Circuits Lab University of Jordan School of Engineering Electrical Engineering Department EE 219 Electrical Circuits Lab EXPERIMENT 4 TRANSIENT ANALYSIS Prepared by: Dr. Mohammed Hawa EXPERIMENT 4 TRANSIENT ANALYSIS

More information

OBSOLETE. Active RF Splitter ADA FEATURES FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM APPLICATIONS GENERAL DESCRIPTION

OBSOLETE. Active RF Splitter ADA FEATURES FUNCTIONAL BLOCK DIAGRAM APPLICATIONS GENERAL DESCRIPTION FEATURES Single V supply 4 MHz to 86 MHz CATV operating range 4.6 db of gain per output channel 4.4 db noise figure 2 db isolation between output channels 16 db input return loss CSO of 73 dbc (13 channels,

More information

High Speed Clock Distribution Design Techniques for CDC 509/516/2509/2510/2516

High Speed Clock Distribution Design Techniques for CDC 509/516/2509/2510/2516 High Speed Clock Distribution Design Techniques for CDC 509/516/2509/2510/2516 APPLICATION REPORT: SLMA003A Boyd Barrie Bus Solutions Mixed Signals DSP Solutions September 1998 IMPORTANT NOTICE Texas Instruments

More information

Low Cost Mixer for the 10.7 to 12.8 GHz Direct Broadcast Satellite Market

Low Cost Mixer for the 10.7 to 12.8 GHz Direct Broadcast Satellite Market Low Cost Mixer for the.7 to 12.8 GHz Direct Broadcast Satellite Market Application Note 1136 Introduction The wide bandwidth requirement in DBS satellite applications places a big performance demand on

More information

What is New about Thin Laminates in 2013?

What is New about Thin Laminates in 2013? PCBDesign 007 QuietPower column What is New about Thin Laminates in 2013? Istvan Novak, Oracle, February 2013 It is almost two years ago that the QuietPower column Thin Laminates: Buried Capacitance or

More information

MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE TIRUCHIRAPALLI

MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE TIRUCHIRAPALLI MAHALAKSHMI ENGINEERING COLLEGE TIRUCHIRAPALLI-621213. QUESTION BANK DEPARTMENT: EEE SUBJECT CODE: EE2203 SEMESTER : III SUBJECT NAME: ELECTRONIC DEVICES &CIRCUITS UNIT 4-AMPLIFIERS AND OSCILLATORS PART

More information

13.56MHz Antennas APPLICATION-NOTE. OBID i-scan. Construction and tuning of 13.56MHz antennas for Reader power levels up to 1W

13.56MHz Antennas APPLICATION-NOTE. OBID i-scan. Construction and tuning of 13.56MHz antennas for Reader power levels up to 1W OBID i-scan APPLICATION-NOTE 13.56MHz Antennas Construction and tuning of 13.56MHz antennas for Reader power levels up to 1W final public (B) 2003-01-15 N20901-2e-ID-B.doc Note Copyright 2002 by FEIG ELECTRONIC

More information

150 μv Maximum Offset Voltage Op Amp OP07D

150 μv Maximum Offset Voltage Op Amp OP07D 5 μv Maximum Offset Voltage Op Amp OP7D FEATURES Low offset voltage: 5 µv max Input offset drift:.5 µv/ C max Low noise:.25 μv p-p High gain CMRR and PSRR: 5 db min Low supply current:. ma Wide supply

More information

AN-1364 APPLICATION NOTE

AN-1364 APPLICATION NOTE APPLICATION NOTE One Technology Way P.O. Box 916 Norwood, MA 262-916, U.S.A. Tel: 781.329.47 Fax: 781.461.3113 www.analog.com Differential Filter Design for a Receive Chain in Communication Systems by

More information

Examining a New In-Amp Architecture for Communication Satellites

Examining a New In-Amp Architecture for Communication Satellites White Paper Examining a New In-Amp Architecture for Communication Satellites Introduction With more 500 conventional sensors monitoring the condition and performance of various subsystems on a medium sized

More information

Device Interconnection

Device Interconnection Device Interconnection An important, if less than glamorous, aspect of audio signal handling is the connection of one device to another. Of course, a primary concern is the matching of signal levels and

More information

Low-inductance MLCCs for high-speed digital systems

Low-inductance MLCCs for high-speed digital systems Low-inductance MLCCs for high-speed digital systems attenuation (db) -2-4 X7R 126/22nF -6 X7R 126/1nF X7R /22nF X7R /1nF -8 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 frequency (Hz) Low-inductance MLCCs for high-speed digital

More information

EMC output filter recommendations for MA120XX(P)

EMC output filter recommendations for MA120XX(P) EMC output filter recommendations for MA120XX(P) About this document Scope and purpose This document provides EMC output filter recommendations that are tailored to the Merus Audio s MA12040, MA12040P,

More information

PA74/PA76 PA74A/76A. Power Dual Operational Amplifiers PA74/76 PA74A/76A FEATURES APPLICATIONS PA74, PA76, PA74A, PA76A 8-PIN TO-3 PACKAGE STYLE CE

PA74/PA76 PA74A/76A. Power Dual Operational Amplifiers PA74/76 PA74A/76A FEATURES APPLICATIONS PA74, PA76, PA74A, PA76A 8-PIN TO-3 PACKAGE STYLE CE PA74, PA76, PA74A, PA76A PA74/PA76 PA74A/76A PA74/76 PA74A/76A Power Dual Operational Amplifiers FEATURES LOW COST WIDE COMMON MODE RANGE Includes negative supply WIDE SUPPLY VOLTAGE RANGE Single supply:

More information

How to Monitor Sensor Health with Instrumentation Amplifiers

How to Monitor Sensor Health with Instrumentation Amplifiers White Paper How to Monitor Sensor Health with Instrumentation Amplifiers Introduction Many industrial and medical applications use instrumentation amplifiers (INAs) to condition small signals in the presence

More information

Seattle & Oregon Chapters "New X2Y Filter Technology Emerges as Single Component Solution For Noise Suppression

Seattle & Oregon Chapters New X2Y Filter Technology Emerges as Single Component Solution For Noise Suppression "New X2Y Filter Technology Emerges as Single Component Solution For Noise Suppression Presentation: approx. 60 min Introduction: A new capacitive technology introduced by X2Y Attenuators LLC, Erie, Pa.,

More information

Inductors, Chokes, Reactors, Filters

Inductors, Chokes, Reactors, Filters Inductors, Chokes, Reactors, Filters What s in a name? Author: Anthony J. Kourtessis 2 Inductors, Chokes, Reactors, Filters What s in a name? These ubiquitous terms are familiar to most engineers and are

More information

Understanding and Optimizing Electromagnetic Compatibility in Switchmode Power Supplies

Understanding and Optimizing Electromagnetic Compatibility in Switchmode Power Supplies Understanding and Optimizing Electromagnetic Compatibility in Switchmode Power Supplies 1 Definitions EMI = Electro Magnetic Interference EMC = Electro Magnetic Compatibility (No EMI) Three Components

More information

Application Note Receivers MLX71120/21 With LNA1-SAW-LNA2 configuration

Application Note Receivers MLX71120/21 With LNA1-SAW-LNA2 configuration Designing with MLX71120 and MLX71121 receivers using a SAW filter between LNA1 and LNA2 Scope Many receiver applications, especially those for automotive keyless entry systems require good sensitivity

More information

CHAPTER 3. Instrumentation Amplifier (IA) Background. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Instrumentation Amplifier Architecture and Configurations

CHAPTER 3. Instrumentation Amplifier (IA) Background. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Instrumentation Amplifier Architecture and Configurations CHAPTER 3 Instrumentation Amplifier (IA) Background 3.1 Introduction The IAs are key circuits in many sensor readout systems where, there is a need to amplify small differential signals in the presence

More information

Common Mode Filter Inductor Analysis

Common Mode Filter Inductor Analysis Document 2-1 Common Mode Filter Inductor Analysis Abstract Noise limits set by regulatory agencies make solutions to common mode EMI a necessary consideration in the manufacture and use of electronic equipment.

More information

Controlling Input Ripple and Noise in Buck Converters

Controlling Input Ripple and Noise in Buck Converters Controlling Input Ripple and Noise in Buck Converters Using Basic Filtering Techniques, Designers Can Attenuate These Characteristics and Maximize Performance By Charles Coles, Advanced Analogic Technologies,

More information

SIMULATION of EMC PERFORMANCE of GRID CONNECTED PV INVERTERS

SIMULATION of EMC PERFORMANCE of GRID CONNECTED PV INVERTERS SIMULATION of EMC PERFORMANCE of GRID CONNECTED PV INVERTERS Qin Jiang School of Communications & Informatics Victoria University P.O. Box 14428, Melbourne City MC 8001 Australia Email: jq@sci.vu.edu.au

More information

Low Distortion Mixer AD831

Low Distortion Mixer AD831 a FEATURES Doubly-Balanced Mixer Low Distortion +2 dbm Third Order Intercept (IP3) + dbm 1 db Compression Point Low LO Drive Required: dbm Bandwidth MHz RF and LO Input Bandwidths 2 MHz Differential Current

More information

200 ma Output Current High-Speed Amplifier AD8010

200 ma Output Current High-Speed Amplifier AD8010 a FEATURES 2 ma of Output Current 9 Load SFDR 54 dbc @ MHz Differential Gain Error.4%, f = 4.43 MHz Differential Phase Error.6, f = 4.43 MHz Maintains Video Specifications Driving Eight Parallel 75 Loads.2%

More information

Application Note SAW-Components

Application Note SAW-Components RF360 Europe GmbH A Qualcomm TDK Joint Venture Application Note SAW-Components App. Note #18 Abstract: Surface Acoustic Wave filters are crucial to improve the performance of Remote Keyless Entry (RKE)

More information

PA92. High Voltage Power Operational Amplifiers PA92

PA92. High Voltage Power Operational Amplifiers PA92 PA9 High Voltage Power Operational Amplifiers FEATURES HIGH VOLTAGE V (±V) LOW QUIESCENT CURRENT ma HIGH OUTPUT CURRENT A PROGRAMMABLE CURRENT LIMIT APPLICATIONS PIEZOELECTRIC POSITIONING HIGH VOLTAGE

More information

Models 900CT & 900BT. Tunable Active Single Channel Certified Filter Instrument

Models 900CT & 900BT. Tunable Active Single Channel Certified Filter Instrument Tunable Active Single Channel Certified Filter Instrument Description Frequency Devices instruments are single channel; 8-pole low-pass or high-pass, front panel tunable filter instruments. The controls

More information

Oscillators. An oscillator may be described as a source of alternating voltage. It is different than amplifier.

Oscillators. An oscillator may be described as a source of alternating voltage. It is different than amplifier. Oscillators An oscillator may be described as a source of alternating voltage. It is different than amplifier. An amplifier delivers an output signal whose waveform corresponds to the input signal but

More information

Ileana-Diana Nicolae ICMET CRAIOVA UNIVERSITY OF CRAIOVA MAIN BUILDING FACULTY OF ELECTROTECHNICS

Ileana-Diana Nicolae ICMET CRAIOVA UNIVERSITY OF CRAIOVA MAIN BUILDING FACULTY OF ELECTROTECHNICS The Designing, Realization and Testing of a Network Filter used to Reduce Electromagnetic Disturbances and to Improve the EMI for Static Switching Equipment Petre-Marian Nicolae Ileana-Diana Nicolae George

More information