Chapter 2 Displaying Characteristics

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1 Chapter 2 Displaying Characteristics

2 Impedance Characteristics of Chip Beads Chip beads are parts used to prevent EMI and control decoupling of LSI power source lines and to control over/under shooting of digital signals. Select MMZ1005B121C from the Product List. Z : Magnitude of Impedance 8 X:Reactance of Impedance R: Resistance of Impedance Select the [Impedance] tab, and then click the Z, R, or X button. The R / X cross point depends on the type of chip bead. The cross point affects the noise removal effectiveness and waveform strain. By changing the DC bias in the [Impedance] tab, it is possible to see the frequency characteristics for the applied DC bias.

3 Impedance Characteristics of Common Mode Filters Common mode filters are used for power source circuits and differential transmission lines. Select a mode F(Common/Differential) to display the impedance characteristics. Select ACM P from the Product List. Zc : Magnitude of Common Mode Impedance 9 Zd : Magnitude of Differential Mode Impedance Select [Mode] from the [Impedance] tab, and then click the Z button. Common mode filter characteristics generally need to be Zc >> Zd. Other characteristics such as R and Ls are also displayed according to the mode. For example, Lsc indicates the equivalent series inductance for common mode.

4 Impedance and ESR Characteristics of Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors Multilayer ceramic capacitors are used for various purposes such as matching RF circuits and decoupling LSI power source lines. ESR (Equivalent Series Resistance) value of capacitors, which are used for decoupling, are evaluated in order to understand the influence of voltage variation. In recent years, some have been designed to have an arbitrary ESR value to reduce the influence of voltage variation. Select CERD2CX5R0G106M (ESR Control Type) from the Product List. Z : Magnitude of Impedance 10 R: Resistance of Impedance (ESR) Select the [Impedance] tab, and then click the Z or R button. Generally, the ESR of multilayer ceramic capacitors depends on the size and capacity, but is usually from several mω to tens of mω. However, ESR control type products are from tens of mω to several Ω.

5 ESL Characteristics of Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors In order to reduce the influence of voltage variation due to LSI switching, the ESL (Equivalent Series Inductance) value of capacitors used for decoupling needs to be as small as possible. Select C0816JB1C104K (LW Flipped Type) from the Product List. (Reference) Standard Type 11 LW Flipped Type Select the [Impedance] tab, and then click the Ls button. The ESL for standard multilayer ceramic capacitors depends on the size and capacity, but it is usually from 0.5 to 1nH. Low ESL type capacitors such as flip type are from several tens of ph to 0.2nH.

6 tan (Dielectric Loss Tangent) Characteristics of Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors The tan δ is evaluated as the value indicating the purity of the capacitor reactance. The smaller the value, the smaller the power loss of the capacitor (Ideal capacitors have no power loss.). Select C3216X7R1H474K from the Product List. Self-Resonant Frequency Capacitor tan δ 12 The tan δ is normally displayed as a %. Select the [Impedance] tab, and then click the D (tan δ) button.

7 Inductance and Q Characteristics of Inductors Inductors used for RF circuit matching need to have a high Q in order to transmit the RF signal with minimal loss. Inductance differs according to the frequency, so it is important to know the inductance at the used frequency instead of the nominal inductance value. -Ls 1.002nH at 100MHz 0.938nH at 2.4GHz Select MLG0603Q1N0CT (Multilayer Ceramic / High-Q Type) from the Product List. 13 -Q High-Q Type Select the [Impedance] tab, and then click the Ls or Q button. (Reference) Standard Type

8 S-parameter Characteristics (Return Loss, Insertion Loss) of Three-Terminal Filters Three-terminal filters allows for multiple inductors and capacitors to be integrated into one chip, which makes it possible for the signal to be quickly attenuated, and the attenuation amount can be increased. The impedance characteristics of three-terminal filters cannot express the overall characteristics, so the single-end S-parameter is normally used to express attenuation amount in db. 14 Single-end S-parameter Sij Output Port Input Port (Example) S11 The amount of the incident signal from Port 1 is reflected to Port 1 (Return Loss) S21 The amount of the incident signal from Port 1 is transmitted to Port 2 (Insertion Loss) The relationship between the part terminal and Port No. is described in the Port Assignment at the bottom left of the SEAT screen. S11 (Return Loss) Select MEM2012S25R0T001 from the Product List. While confirming the Port Assignment, select the Output / Input Port from the [S-parameter] tab, and then click the S button. S21 (Insertion Loss)

9 S-parameter Characteristics (Crosstalk) of Three-Terminal Filter Arrays A three-terminal filter array contains multiple integrated filters, which consist of multiple inductors and capacitors in one chip. They can greatly reduce the mounting area, so they are often used for high-density mounting equipment such as mobile phones. However, filters are located close to each other, so when the frequency is high, the influence of crosstalk can become a problem. Select MEA1210D501R from the Product List. S21 (Near-End Crosstalk) 15 S31 (Far-End Crosstalk) While confirming the Port Assignment, select the Output / Input Port from the [S-parameter] tab, and click the S button.

10 S-parameter Characteristics (Series-thru & Shunt-thru) of Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors Either Series-thru or Shunt-thru can be selected as the S-parameter for some multilayer ceramic capacitors and chip varistors that are listed in SEAT. Be sure not to make a mistake when displaying the characteristics. Select C1005JB1H221K from the Product List. S21 (Series-thru) S21 (Shunt-thru) 1 2 While confirming the Port Assignment, select either Series / Shunt and the Output / Input Port from the [S-parameter] tab, and then click the S button.

11 Mixed Mode S-parameter Characteristics (Return Loss, Insertion Loss) of Common Mode Filters Common mode filters were formerly evaluated using common mode / differential mode impedance. In recent years, differential transmission has become faster and is now evaluated using the mixed mode S-parameter. It is expressed using a single-end S-parameter and mode additional characters (such as c and d). Mixed Mode S-parameter Input Mode Input Port Smnij Output Mode Output Port (Example) Scd21 Amount of the applied Differential Mode signal from logical Port 1 converted to Common Mode and transmitted to logical Port 2. The Mixed Mode S-parameter Port No. is shown in red as the Logical Port. 17 Select TCM1210H-900-2P from the Product List. While confirming the Port Assignment, select the Mode and Output / Input Port from the [S-parameter] tab, and then click the S button. Scc21 (Common Mode Insertion Loss) Sdd21 (Differential Mode Insertion Loss) Sdd11 (Differential Mode Return Loss)

12 Mixed Mode S-parameter Characteristics (Crosstalk) of Common Mode Filter Arrays A common mode filter array is used for portions where multiple channels of differential transmission lines are laid such for DVIs. However, when high-speed signals are handled, the influence of crosstalk cannot be ignored. Select TCM1608G-900-4P from the Product List. Sdd21 (Differential Mode Near-End Crosstalk) 18 Sdd31 (Differential Mode Far-End Crosstalk) While confirming the port schematic, select the Mode and the Output / Input Port from the [S-parameter] tab, and then click the S button.

13 Description of Frequency Characteristics Buttons - 1 Impedance Magnitude of Impedance Reactance Magnitude of Admittance Susceptance Equivalent Series Inductance Equivalent Series Capacitance Quality Factor Smith Chart Resistance Impedance Phase Conductance Admittance Phase Equivalent Parallel Inductance Equivalent Parallel Capacitance Dissipation Factor (Loss) 19 S-parameter Magnitude of S-parameter Group Delay Smith Chart Power Loss S-parameter Phase Standing Wave Ratio Power Scattering

14 Description of Frequency Characteristics Buttons - 2 Image Impedance Image Impedance Imaginary Part Magnitude of Image Impedance 20 Image Impedance Real Part Image Impedance Phase Rejection Ratio Common Mode Rejection Ratio Balun Amplitude Balance Common Mode Rejection Ratio Differential Mode Rejection Ratio Phase Balance Differential Mode Rejection Ratio

15 DC Bias Characteristics of Inductors Generally, the value that is measured using a small amplitude signal of a particular frequency at room temperature is used as the representative value for inductor inductance. However, it is used under conditions where the DC is superimposed at the power source circuit. Therefore, the inductance can change greatly. Select VLC5045T-6R8M from the Product List. 20 C 105 C Ambient Temperature: -20 C 21 From the [DC Bias Characteristic] Group of the [DC-Bias/Temp. Chara.] tab, select and set the Frequency, Oscillation Level, and Ambient Temperature, and then click the Ls button.

16 DC Bias Characteristics of Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors Generally, the value that is measured using a small amplitude signal of a particular frequency at room temperature is used as the representative value for multilayer ceramic capacitor capacitance. However, when DC bias is applied the same as the decoupling circuit, the capacitance can change greatly. Select C3216X5R1H105K from the Product List. Ambient Temperature: 20 C 22 From the [DC Bias Characteristic] Group of the [DC-Bias/Temp. Chara.] tab, select the Frequency, Oscillation Level, and Ambient Temperature, and then click the Cs button. The nominal capacitance for multilayer ceramic capacitors is measured based on conditions such as 1kHz-1Vrms and 120Hz-0.5Vrms. The following are the major rated voltage symbols for multilayer ceramic capacitors. 0G: 4V 0J: 6.3V 1A: 10V 1C: 16V 1E: 25V 1H: 50V 2A: 100V 2E: 250V 2J: 630V

17 Temperature Characteristics of Inductors Generally, the value that is measured using a small amplitude signal of a particular frequency at room temperature is used as the representative value for inductor inductance. However, the inductance can change greatly depending on the ambient temperature. Select VLC5045T-6R8M from the Product List. DC Bias: 0A 1.6A 0.8A 23 From the [Temperature Characteristic] Group of the [DC-Bias/ Temp. Chara.] tab, select and set the Frequency, Oscillation Level, and DC Bias, and then click the Ls button.

18 Temperature Characteristics of Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors Generally, the value that is measured using a small amplitude signal of a particular frequency at room temperature is used as the representative value for multilayer ceramic capacitor capacitance. However, the capacitance can change greatly depending on the ambient temperature. Select C3216X5R1H105K from the Product List. DC Bias: 0V 25V 24 From the [Temperature Characteristic] Group of the [DC-Bias/Temp. Chara.] tab, select the Frequency, Oscillation Level, and Ambient Temperature, and then click the Cs button. The following are the major temperature characteristic symbols for multilayer ceramic capacitor JB: -25 to +85 C/±10% JF: -25 to +85 C/+30,-80% X5R: -55 to +85 C/±15% X6S: -55 to +105 C/±22% X7R: -55 to +125 C/±15% X8R: -55 to +150 C/±15% Y5V: -30 to +85 C/+22,-82%

19 Current vs. Voltage Characteristics of Chip Varistors Chip varistors are nonlinear devices that normally behave like multilayer ceramic capacitors. However, when a large voltage is applied, the resistance suddenly decreases and the current flows. In order to confirm those characteristics, the current vs. voltage characteristics are displayed. Select AVR-M1608C080MTAAB from the Product List. 25 From around this point, the current suddenly flows. From the [Other Chara.] tab, click the I-V button.

20 Resistance vs. Temperature Characteristics of NTC Thermistors The resistance of NTC thermistors changes according to the temperature, and they are used as temperature sensors. The N in NTC stands for Negative, so they have a negative temperature coefficient (the higher the temperature, the smaller the resistance). The B constant is used as the representative characteristic for NTC thermistors. The B constant indicates the change rate according to the temperature. Therefore, the larger this value, the more sensitive to temperature the device is. Select NTCG203EH471J from the Product List. (Reference) 4150K Gradient is large. 26 B Constant: 3250K From the [Other Chara.] tab, click the R-T button.

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