DESIGN AND LAYOUT SHORT CIRCUIT DETECTT NETWORK ONE PHASE

Transcription

1 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 9, Issue 13, December 2018, pp , Article ID: IJCIET_09_13_0900 Available online at aeme.com/ijciet/issues.asp?jtypeijciet&vtype 9&IType13 ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed DESIGN AND LAYOUT SHORT CIRCUIT DETECTT NETWORK ONE PHASE *Albert Panjaitan, Painoand Usman Department of Teknik Listrik Bandar Udara Akademi Teknikk dan Keselamatan Penerbangan, Medan, Indonesia Rossi Peter Simanjuntak and Muhammad Safril Department of Teknik Listrik Bandar Udara Akademi Teknikk dan Keselamatan Penerbangan, Medan, Indonesia Darmeli Nasution Universitas Pembangunan Panca Budi. ABSTRACT This study aimed to design a tool that can be used in the detection of short-circuit interruption Network 1 phase. This circuit is only to detect the location of the short circuit network one phase. Issuing a single power supply voltage 12 V will be in converted into a second voltage source, the voltage (+) and voltage (-). This voltage is used to supply a series of parallel resistance which used to find the difference in the voltage to be measured. The voltage difference is sent to the op-amp. The op-amp used by the IC TL084 CN has four op-amps and only uses one op-amp. After the voltage output from the op-amp, it is sent to the interface (ADC). The signals issued by the opcan only receive amp is still in the form of analog signals. While we use a PC which digital signals. So that the interface circuit (ADC) is needed so that the PC can receive signals from the circuit. The cable used to send the signal uses a RS 232 cable or serial USB cable. After the PC receives the signal results via a serial USB cable, then the signal is processed in Visual Basic 6.0. Before testing the tool, calibration beforehand to generate data results in more accurate that will be displayed in Visual Basic 6.0. Keywords: Short circuit, AMP OP, Visual Basic, Isolation, Cable. Cite this Article: Albert Panjaitan, Painoand Usman, Rossi Peter Simanjuntak, Muhammad Safril and Darmeli Nasution, Design and Layout Short Circuit Detect Network One Phase, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) 9(13), 2018, pp et/issues.asp?jtypeijciet&vtype9&itype e editor@iaeme.com

2 Design and Layout Short Circuit Detect Network One Phase 1. INTRODUCTION Protection systems are an essential component to maintain the continuity and reliability of electric energy distribution. Protection system serves to protect equipment from damage in the event of disruption and localized disturbances from spreading. With a good protection system, the unwanted loss can avoid, especially on vital equipment such as electronic equipment in an office building. In electricity, it is inseparable from the use of cables as a means of connecting and means of channeling power from the center to consumers, namely households and installations which are generally planted on walls which aim for security or avoid things that endanger safety. But not infrequently impaired, such as a short circuit between wires that lead to disruption of the electrical system and this can be harmful to humans. So, we need an efficient tool and can be used to determine any short circuit at the same time find out where the short circuit in the wiring. It can be formulated main points that will be used as writing material for the formulation of the problem, namely: How to design a layout tool intrusion detection network 1-phase short circuit? How is the concept of the design and workings of an intrusion detection tool layout short circuit? How to test the intrusion detection tool layout short circuit on one phase network? 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1. Short-circuit theory The insulation material is divided into 3, among others: solid, liquid or gas. The insulation will happen electricity breaks or short circuit if the damage in result of internal and external. Cable insulation is classified as solid insulation, and solid insulation will be damaged due to basic failure, electromechanical, streamer, thermal, and erosion. If the electrical discharges that occur due to the breakdown of solid insulation material then said there was a break, damage the solid insulation material always leave scars permanent damage. Such interference is also called a permanent disturbance. Based on the long disturbance: a. Transient disturbance, a disorder that disappear by itself when the circuit breaker is open from the transmission line for a short time and then reconnected. Causes of temporary disorders, for example: Due to lightning and others. Because of the birds, leaves, kite string, and so on. b. Permanent interference is a disturbance that is not lost or persists if the power breaker is open on the transmission line for a short time and after that is connected again. Causes of permanent disturbances: Due to the occurrence of overvoltage (lightning, etc.) that exceed the strength of the insulation. Due to mechanical damage to the insulation. Due to the worsening of the isolation process itself. For example, because of the humidity and heating. Due to incorrect operation editor@iaeme.com

3 Albert Panjaitan, Painoand Usman, Rossi Peter Simanjuntak, Muhammad Safril and Darmeli Nasution If based on symmetric, interference can be divided into two parts: asymmetrical interruption, the interruption resulting voltage and the current flowing in each phase becomes unbalanced, and this disorder consists of: Short circuit one phase to ground Short circuit in two phases Short circuit two-phase to ground Symmetrical interference, where interference occurs in all phases so that the current and voltage of each phase remain balanced after the interference occurs. This disorder consists of: Short circuit of three phase Short circuit three-phase to ground Disruption is also called non-system disorders. Single Disruption of Phase to Ground in a Power System For a single disturbance from phase to ground, each phase of the three channels is connected as shown in 2.1. The following relationships are embedded with the disorder point: Ib 0 Ic 0 Va 0 These three equations are the same as those used for interference from phase to the ground. So for a disturbance from the ground phase. Ia1 Ia2 Ia0 (2.1) Ia1. (2.2) Figure 1 Diagram phases connection to a disturbance from phase to ground Equations 2.1 and 2.2 show that the three sequence lines must be connected to a series through the point of disturbance in order to simulate a single disturbance from phase to ground. Figure 2 diagram of the phase-to-phase connection of an inter-phase disturbance editor@iaeme.com

4 Design and Layout Short Circuit Detect Network One Phase Disturbances between phases on the power system For an interference between phases, each phase of the three channels in disorders connected as shown in Figure 2.3. In these disorders are the following relationships Vb Vc Ia 0 Ib -Ic The above equations are identical in shape to the equations used for an inter-phase interference in an isolated generator. Va1 Va2.. (2.3) Ia1. (2.4) Equations (2.3) and (2.4) shows that net positive and negative sequence should be connected in parallel at the point of interruption in order to mimic an inter-phase interference. Dual interference from phase to the ground in a power system For a dual phase ground disturbance, the phases are connected as shown in figure 2.3. There are relationships following the disruption: Vb Vc 0 Ia 0 By comparing the reduction is made, obtained Va1 Va2 Va0.. (2.4) Ia1 /( )... (2.5) Figure 3 Diagram of connection phases for a double interference from phase to ground 3. RESEARCH METHODS The method used in the study by the detector layout designer short circuit-based networks first phase of computer interfaces. Computers are used as units to get a display of the location of a short circuit. The interface serves as an analog to digital signal converter so that the computer can read the signals from the tool. The action of this resistor is as a voltage divider both from the resistor and the cable resistance itself and OP AMP functions as a voltage amplifier editor@iaeme.com

5 Albert Panjaitan, Painoand Usman, Rossi Peter Simanjuntak, Muhammad Safril and Darmeli Nasution Figure 4 Block diagram of a short circuit location detector 4. RESULTS & DISCUSSION 4.1. The design of a circuit. This chapter discusses the design and manufacture of detectors occurrence of the short circuit layout. The system design includes the design of hardware and software. Hardware design includes the design resistors, power supply, the amplifier which serves to amplify the voltage in order to read the ADC, the third part is ADC which serves to convert analog data into digital data and PC. While the software includes Visual Basic 6.0, some other aspects that need to be explained in this chapter are to determine the specifications of the designed system, block diagram and working principle of the system. Hardware Power supply circuit The series of the useful power supply is used to provide enough power so that the entire circuit can perform its function correctly. The power supply circuit consists of several parts: Lowering voltage. Lowering the voltage used is a step-down transformer kind of center tap (CT). This transformer serves to lower the 220 V AC voltage into AC voltage of 12 V. where the amount of flow that will be used to supply a series of such tools. Then the output voltage is rectified by the diode and stabilize to 12 V using 12 V regulator IC (7812) Voltage rectifier Rectifier diode silicon is used as a full-wave rectifier that converts AC into DC waveforms with a frequency value 2x50Hz, namely 100Hz. Diodes are used as much as two pieces diode to rectify the positive wave and ceter tap (CT) as a negative output diode current capacity being used by 1 A so that the diode does not work too hard. This diode output has been a surge in the same direction, but the waveform is still in a state of pure or in other words, there is still a wave ripple. Where the peak voltage is: V 0, 707xV RMS VRMS V P 0,707 V P 12v 0,707 P editor@iaeme.com

6 Design and Layout Short Circuit Detect Network One Phase VP 16,97 So that the DC voltage generated (still in the form of a DC ripple voltage) is: V 0, 636xV Volt V DC 0,636 x 16,97 V V DC 10,79 Volt Filter The filter used is electrolytic capacitors. These capacitors serve to filter or to smooth the output voltage of the diode so that the output filter produces flat unidirectional waveform (pure) with an output voltage of 5 VDC. These capacitors are worth 220μF / 25V. Once installed capacitors, the VDC is: V DC V P V 2 Where to set the voltage ripple (Vripple) amounting to 10% of VP then obtained: So V DC becomes: ripple 10 V ripple x16, 97V 100 V DC 1,697 Volt 1,697 16,97 2 VDC 16,12 Volt With a known voltage ripple and load current, which for the load current is determined based on the maximum current used is 500 ma. Thus, the value of the capacitor can be determined as follows: 0,75xI V ripple f. C where 0.75 is a constant value So from the above formula to calculate the capacitor value is: C 0,75xI f. V ripple 0,75x0,5 100x1,697 0, ,9 µf because the capacitor does not exist in the market, the value of 220 μf capacitor selected. To use the regulator IC, the output capacitor value is added to the filtered again according to the datasheet value regulator IC to be used, in this case, used IC DC P editor@iaeme.com

7 Albert Panjaitan, Painoand Usman, Rossi Peter Simanjuntak, Muhammad Safril and Darmeli Nasution IC Regulator IC regulator used is IC LM7812 for 12 VDC as a voltage stabilizer which has 3 feet or terminal. Leg 1 function of the input voltage (Vin) from the positive pole (+) battery, Leg 2 serves as a ground (GND) or negatively associated with the negative pole (-), and Leg 3 serves as an output (Vout). The regulator IC in use to obtain a constant output voltage. Therefore, the necessary circuit which stabilizes the voltage to 12V. b). Single power supply. In this circuit indispensable in the power supply voltage issued a positive (+) and negative voltage (-). This voltage is used for the voltage source in the voltage divider circuit and an opamp. Input voltage op-amp consists of a positive (+) and negative voltage (-). Figure 5 Single power supply Resistor Resistor function as a voltage divider. The value of a resistor is expressed in units of Ohm (Ω) of a resistor, the greater the resistance of the resistor. In this series, resistor is used as a voltage divider in order to obtain a voltage difference that will be sent to the op-amp. Vcc Figure 6 A voltage divider circuit Where to find the incoming voltage is: Rt Ω,Ω Ω,Ω 2803Ω editor@iaeme.com

8 Design and Layout Short Circuit Detect Network One Phase Vr I x Rt 0,001 x ,803 V So, Vin to supply the load is: Vin V Vr 6v - 2,8v 3,2v Wherein the voltage generated each resistance is: R2 R1+R2 Vin 3,2Ω 3,2v 5600Ω + 3,2Ω 3,2Ω 3,2v 5603,2 Ω 0,00057 x 3,2 V(-) 0,002 V V+ Vin Ω ΩΩ 3,2 v Ω Ω 3,2 v V(+) 0,0047 Op-Amp circuit as a voltage amplifier Operational Amplifiers (Op-Amp) is an analog electronics component which serves as a multipurpose amplifier in the form of IC and has a symbol as follows:: 1) Large Input Impedance (Zi) 2) Small Output Impedance (Z0) 0 3) High Voltage Strength (Av) 4) Band Width wide frequency response 5) V0 0 if V1 V2 and does not depend on the size of V1. 6) The operational characteristics of amplifiers (Op-Amp) do not depend on the temperature editor@iaeme.com

9 Albert Panjaitan, Painoand Usman, Rossi Peter Simanjuntak, Muhammad Safril and Darmeli Nasution Figure 7 basic circuit of an op-amp In the above there are two differential amplifier input signals (input) is the V1 and V2. Under ideal conditions, when the two inputs are identical (vid 0), the output Vod 0. This is because IB1 IB2 so IC1 IC2 and IE1 IE2. Because the output voltage (VC1 and VC2) cost the same so Vod 0. If there is a difference between the signals V1 and V2, then Vid V1 - V2. This case will cause the difference between IB1 and IB2 The voltage released in the circuit is: Vout A {Vin(+) Vin(-)} Where, A. " 1110 times 1110 (0,0047 0,002) Vout V ADC The voltage received by the ADC is 2 v, it will be processed into data: Where, data #$ % 1024,( x 1024 Data 613,78 after the data is obtained, the data will be sent to the PC via a serial USB cable Data Communication Media Data communication media used in this design is to use a serial USB cable connected to a PC. Where, data,() * 153, it is the data that will be sent to Visual Basic. After that, the distance cannot be sure because it is still data. The results of such data must be calibrated by dividing 3.8. Then the cable distances short circuit occurs can be sure to be at the point 40 M editor@iaeme.com

10 Design and Layout Short Circuit Detect Network One Phase Software Visual Basic 6.0 General steps for creating a program: Placing the components needed on windows forms using existing tools in the toolbox window, set the component layout. Sets the component properties through the properties window Write down the program code in the code window, according to the event an event that will be felt by the component. For example, click on and so forth. Design the main form for display toolbars: Put a command button control that functions as the buttons to view the data. The labels used to write information. The textbox is used to write down the name of the facility or number MS Comm is used as computer communication with external devices connected to available applications Weakness of design Figure 8 display of short circuit location measurements This design can only measure or detect the location of the short circuit on the first phase of network paths only. If we want to measure using other types of cable diameter and the other, then we have to calibrate the tool and determine the ratio of resistance How the whole circuit works The circuit is designed only to detect the location of the short circuit network 1 phase. In this design, the required voltage is a positive voltage (+) and a negative voltage (-). Single power supply voltage 12v issuing these will be converted into a second voltage source, the voltage (+) and voltage (-). This voltage is used to supply a parallel resistance circuit which functions to find the difference in voltage to be measured. The voltage difference is sent to the op-amp to be processed. The op-amp used is the op-amp on the IC TL084 CN which has four op-amps and only uses one op-amp. After the output voltage of the op-amp, then sent to the interface (ADC). The signals issued by the op-amp is still in the form of analog signals. While we use a PC which can only receive digital signals, therefore we need an interface circuit (ADC) so that the PC can receive signals from the circuit. The cable used to send such a signal is to use a cable RS 232 serial or USB cable editor@iaeme.com

11 Albert Panjaitan, Painoand Usman, Rossi Peter Simanjuntak, Muhammad Safril and Darmeli Nasution After the PC receives the results of the serial signal through a USB cable, then the signal in though in Visual Basic 6.0. Before testing the tool, calibration beforehand that the results of the data generated by the actual distance measurement. Each cable is used, either fiber or single, large or small diameter, then we will be calibrated so that the data which is derived by reality. After calibrating visual basic, then we can measure how far the occurrence of short circuit and the data will be displayed in the Visual Basic CONCLUSIONS & SUGGESTIONS 5.1. Conclusion From the results of the discussion and the workings of the circuit that has been designed, it can take several conclusions, among others: From the design that has made it known that the difference of voltage division that produced or endurance can find out how the location of the short circuit first phase with a view Visual Basic. In the design interface, send the data in analog can be converted into digital in order to be displayed on the PC. This design can accurately measure the data results if the cable length you want to measure the location of the disturbance is above 20 M. The larger the diameter of a cable, the greater the resistance of the cable, therefore the cable used is a small diameter (fiber) Suggestions From the discussion and how these tools work the authors can provide suggestions as follows: Because this tool is used portably only to detect the location of the short circuit, then this design if want to detect a short circuit occurs and the location of the short circuit (in permanent design on the source), it can be replaced by a microcontroller with LCD. REFERENCES [1] George Loveday, Intisari Elektronika, (Jakarta: Elex Media Komputindo, 1986) [2] Soeparno dan Bambang Soepatah, Mesin Listrik 3, ( Jakarta : Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 1979) [3] Cekmas & Taufik, Rangkaian Listrik, (Yogyakarta: ANDI, 2013) [4] Owen Bishop, Dasar-Dasar Elektronika, (Jakarta: Erlangga, 2008) [5] Cekmas & Taufik, Rangkaian Listrik, (Yogyakarta: ANDI, 2013) [6] Zuhal & Zhanggischan, Prinsip Dasar Elektro Teknik, (Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama, 2004) [7] D.chattopadhyay, Dasar Elektronika, (Jakarta: penerbit Universitas Indonesia, 1989) [8] George Clayton & Steve Winder, (Jakarta Operational Amplifiers, Erlangga, 2004) [9] Microsofis Visual Basic 6.0 untuk pemula,( penerbit andi,2008) [10] Subari & Yuswanto, panduan lengkap pengoprasiaanvisual Basic 6.0,(Jakarta: Cardas Pustaka Publisher,2008) [11] Owen Bishop, Dasar-Dasar Elektronika, Erlangga, Jakarta, 2008, hal editor@iaeme.com