Animated Vision Associates. Allan N Hytowitz (N = 1).

Transcription

1 Animated Vision Associates Allan N Hytowitz (N = 1).

2 Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke s Third Law Communication Circa 1800 Circa 1862 Circa 1888 Circa 2011

3 Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke s Third Law Visual Acuity? Circa 1800 Circa 1862 Circa 1888 Circa 2011

4 Allan s Medical Mystery Productivity Chart

5 Allan s Medical Mystery Inherent Dyslexic Vision Loss Astigmatic Area Dyslexic Area Astigmatic Area Dyslexic Area Dyslexic Areas caused blurry and distorted vision and almost four years of functional blindness

6 Allan s Medical Mystery Allan s view with Progressive Lenses Peripheral color distortion reduces comprehension Left Normal colors Right Dyslexic Area Astigmatic color shift Allan s view with Progressive Lenses Dyslexic Area Astigmatic color shift

7 Allan s Medical Mystery ===========================Progressive Lenses ========================= <=Computer Lenses=> The effect of 1 diopter in excess

8 Allan s Medical Mystery Olny srmat poelpe can raed tihs. The phaonmneal pweor of the hmuan mnid, aoccdrnig to a rscheearch at Cmabrigde Uinervtisy, is taht it deosn't mttaer in waht oredr the lterets in a wrod are, the olny iprmoatnt tihng is taht the frist and lsat lteetr be in the rghit pclae. The rset can be a taotl mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit a porbelm. Tihs is bcuseae the huamn mnid deos not raed ervey lteetr by istlef, but the wrod as a wlohe.

9 Allan s Medical Mystery

10 Allan s Solution Original Animated Vision Test Device June 2008

11 Allan s Solution Rotating Segmented Circles July 2008 Original segmented rotating circle Early attempts to create a rotating image

12 Allan s Solution Rotating Segmented Circles July hours Original segmented rotating circle Early attempts to create a rotating image

13 Allan s view with Single Vision Lenses Rotating Segmented Circles July hours + % Focus on the Plus (+), and then MOVE ONLY Original YOUR segmented EYES rotating to circle note which circles appear to be out of focus. The numbers represent screen width percent. 15 diagonal = 20 arc degrees at 28 inches. 22 diagonal = 30 arc degrees at 28 inches.

14 Allan s view with Single Vision Lenses Rotating Segmented Circles July hours + % Original segmented rotating circle As you MOVE ONLY YOUR EYE(S) the dyslexic areas become blurry with color distortion How big should the Rotating Segmented Circles be?

15 Allan s view with Single Vision Lenses Rotating Segmented Circles July hours + Dyslexic Areas % Original segmented rotating circle As you MOVE ONLY YOUR EYE(S) the dyslexic areas become blurry with color distortion How big should the Rotating Segmented Circles be?

16 Dyops Dynamic Optotypes How big should the Rotating Segmented Circles be? You either see the rotational motion at that distance, or you don t.

17 Problems with Current Vision Tests The Snellen Test hidden secret Visual Acuity is identifying 3 out of 5 optotypes A 60% comprehension score is subjective and a failing grade for Optometry AND the patient

18 Problems with Current Vision Tests International Vision Standards Are they precisely 5.0 arc minutes? Is it 5.2 arc minutes or 4.8 arc minutes? Or is it an arbitrary standard?

19 Problems with Current Vision Tests Vision is NOT an arbitrary standard pi = 3? pi =

20 Problems with Current Vision Tests The Snellen Test #1 or #2? How precise do the images need to be?

21 Problems with Current Vision Tests The Snellen Test #1 or #2? A positive White on Black stimulus gives a more precise refraction

22 Problems with Current Vision Tests All Optotypes are not alike Snellen letters must be 15% smaller to be equivalent to the Landolt ring.

23 Problems with Current Vision Tests Culturally based / culturally biased Based upon comprehension and not acuity 5 arc minute standard is not sufficiently precise Tendency for excess refraction Based upon reverse stimulation

24 What is a Dyop? Dyop = Dynamic Optotype (Formerly known as a rotating segmented circle) Dyop Variables

25 What is a Dyop? Dyop = Dynamic Optotype Dyop color = Black on a White background vs. Dyop color = White on a Black background Dyop stroke width = 2.5 % sw to 20% sw? Dyop sectors = 2 sectors to 16 sectors? Dyop 20/20 diameter = 12 mm to 16 mm Dyop shape = dots vs. segments vs. triangles? What is the Optimum Dyop?

26 What is a Dyop? Dyop = Dynamic Optotype What Multiplicity is the of Optimum experimental shapes Dyop?

27 What is a Dyop? How do Dyops work? Field of Vision 7.5 arc minutes The three elements of Dyop Acuity measurement are Image Diameter = Threshold Distance vs. Perception Distance The Perception Distance is the furthest distance where rotation can be detected. As the image gets further away, the Threshold Distance Image Diameter needs to be larger to be able to detect the rotation. The arc degree size of the Threshold Image remains constant. Acuity = Perception Distance / Threshold Distance

28 What is a Dyop? How do Dyops work? The eye is NOT an analog camera The eye is NOT an analog camera

29 What is a Dyop? Dyop stroke width versus Perception Distance Dyop Threshold Image versus Perception Distance as of Stroke widths (& gap widths) of 2.5%, 3.75%, and 5% 8 segments per Dyops with 22.5 degree gap 40 rpm White segments on a Black Background Threshold Image diameter Perception Distance 2.5% stroke width Perception Distance 3.75% stroke width Perception Distance 5% stroke width mm (* see Note) PD - feet* PD - feet* PD - feet* Dyop stroke width versus Perception Distance

30 Anatomy of a digital camera Allan s Theory The eye is akin to a digital camera Anatomy of a digital camera

31 Pixels in the Eye Allan s Theory Acuity is determined by cone photoreceptor perception Pixels in the Eye

32 Dyops - Pixels in the Eye Allan s Theory Dyop stroke width versus photoreceptor stimulus path Thinner Dyop = thinner segment photoreceptor stimulus Thicker Dyop = thicker segment photoreceptor stimulus

33 Dyops - Pixels in the Eye Dr. John Hayes Theory Dyops test spatiotemporal acuity. a. Spatial frequency the number of segments per degree b. Temporal frequency- the number of times the segment is repeated per second Relevant Dyops variables used to define spatiotemporal acuity a. Segment length Outer Dyop circumference divided by total number of segments b. Rotation speed c. Stroke width The window of visibility defines a border (threshold of visibility) made up of the combination spatial and temporal frequencies. ANTICIPATED TESTS

34 Optimum Dyop Stroke Width Optimum Dyop Stroke Width

35 Initial Validation Test Results

36 International Vision Standards 1988

37 Pacific University Validation Initial Validation Test Results Initials cited are those of Pacific University Faculty and/or Staff Members Dr James Sheedy Vision Performance Institute July 2010 Initial Validation Test Results

38 Pacific University Validation Vision Performance Institute Landolt Rings Landolt Rings

39 Pacific University Validation Vision Performance Institute 20% stroke width Dyops 20% Stroke Width Dyops

40 Pacific University Validation Vision Performance Institute Phase 1 Results Landolt comparison vs. 20% stroke width Results with no lenses (plano)

41 Pacific University Validation Vision Performance Institute Phase 1 Results Landolt comparison vs. 20% stroke width Results with diopter lenses

42 Pacific University Validation Vision Performance Institute Phase 1 Results Landolt comparison vs. 20% stroke width Results with diopter lenses

43 Pacific University Validation Vision Performance Institute Validation tests Landolt comparison Optimum stroke width Optimum diameter Optimum background Color perception What is the Optimum Dyop?

44 Optimum Dyop White/Black Dyop on a Gray Background 10 % stroke width arc minutes White/Black Dyop on a Gray Background

45 Optimum Dyop Rapid Dyop Acuity Range Determination You either see the rotation or you don t Rapid Dyop Acuity Range Determination

46 Optimum Dyop Precise Dyop Acuity Determination Acuity precision without excess refraction Precise Dyop Acuity Determination

47 Optimum Dyop Personal acuity compatible with current standards 10 foot Threshold Distance Dyop acuity compatible with current standards

48 Optimum Dyop Professional acuity compatible with current standards 20 foot Threshold Distance

49 International Vision Standards 1988 D. Reference optotype D.1. Since it is impractical and impossible to eliminate the diversity of letters, digits and other symbols used in visual acuity charts, it is desirable that all optotypes in a set be evaluated for equal recognizability and calibrated to a standard test object.

50 International Vision Standards 1988 E. Selection of Clinical Optotypes E.1. The Landolt ring test tends to be poor for general clinical application for the following reasons: For single optotypes, if the break in the ring is presented in other than simple compass or clock directions, it is difficult for patients to describe the position of the break in the ring; lateralization problems may exist for some patients particularly children; if the patients are in doubt (and the "C" is a familiar letter in their alphabet), their bias may be towards stating that the break in the ring is to the right. When multiple optotypes are presented on a line, patients may confuse the tester by not starting at the beginning of the line or by reading backwards when forward reading is expected, or by losing their place and repeating a response. Communication errors such as these can lead to erroneously low estimates of visual acuity.

51 International Vision Standards 1988 E. Selection of Clinical Optotypes E.2. For clinical use, letters or numbers are more widely accepted. Their advantages include: (1) familiarity; (2) the tester may learn the chart by heart and can easily recognize sequence errors; (3) the patient requires minimal instruction. The most important disadvantage is that most letters contain multiple elements of critical detail which are not of the same size. For example: "elements of critical detail" that characterize a "V" are the slope of its sides and the triangular gap. What "element of critical detail" distinguishes a "T" from an "I"? Is it the stroke width of its horizontal bar, the length of half the bar or the length of the full bar? Inter-letter differences are much greater for some letter groups (e.g., A, O, T. V) than for others (e.g., B, R, S, H). Equal sizes of different letters and different letter designs, therefore, do not imply equal recognizability.

52 International Vision Standards 1988 XIV. Review of This Standard XIV.1 A standard is meant to be a stable entity, yet all points are not established by experimental certainty, deficiencies are periodically revealed and need correction, new developments in tests are occurring, etc. Thus, a standard may be an evolving document and needs to be re-viewed periodically and should not be regarded as immutable.

53 Dyop Vision Standard 2011 Advantages of Dyops as the Vision Standard Clinical and Research standards for Dyops are identical Dyops minimize Clinical variations Dyops eliminate cultural and educational bias Dyop tests based upon physiology rather than subjective comprehension Dyop tests are significantly more precise Dyop tests are significantly faster to administer Dyop tests provide a significant increase in low vision testing ability Dyop tests provide infant/non-literate testing relevant to adult acuity

54 Dyop Applications Adult Acuity Test Junior Acuity Test (Infant/Children) Color Perception Test Dyslexia Screening Test Sobriety Test Diagnostic Testing Systems White/Black Dyop on a Gray Background

55 Dyop Adult Acuity Personal Acuity 10 foot Threshold Distance Dyop Infant Acuity 10 foot image

56 Dyop Adult Acuity Personal Acuity 10 foot Threshold Distance Dyop Infant Acuity 10 foot image

57 Dyop Adult Acuity Personal Acuity 10 foot Threshold Distance Dyop Infant Acuity 10 foot image

58 Dyop Adult Acuity Personal Acuity 10 foot Threshold Distance Dyop Infant Acuity 10 foot image

59 Dyop Infant Acuity versus the Teller Test The Teller Acuity Test allows pediatric vision testing to be performed conveniently in a low-stress clinical environment, rather than in a laboratory. The Teller Acuity Test is designed specifically for easy administration. The test takes only about five to 10 minutes to complete for both eyes, and involves no discomfort on the part of the patient. Dyop Infant Acuity vs. the Teller Test

60 Dyop Infant Acuity versus the Teller Test

61 Dyop Infant Acuity Infant Acuity 10 foot image Start Part 1 sitting 5 feet from a 22 inch diagonal monitor. The rotating Dyop images move from the left to the right Panel and back again. Dyop Infant Acuity 10 foot image

62 Dyop Infant Acuity Infant Acuity 10 foot image Each Panel Cycle the images get 2 feet smaller in their Threshold Distance. Following the motion from monitor side to side indicates perception Dyop Infant Acuity 10 foot image

63 Dyop Infant Acuity Infant Acuity 8 foot image Dyop perception continues as the images get smaller Dyop Infant Acuity 8 foot image

64 Dyop Infant Acuity Infant Acuity 8 foot image Dyop perception continues as the images move to the other monitor side Dyop Infant Acuity 8 foot image

65 Dyop Infant Acuity Infant Acuity 6 foot image At a distance of 5 feet with 20/20 vision the 6 foot Dyop Threshold Images are perceptible Dyop Infant Acuity 6 foot image

66 Dyop Infant Acuity Infant Acuity 6 foot image At a distance of 5 feet a subject with 20/20 vision notices the change in Dyop location Dyop Infant Acuity 6 foot image

67 Dyop Infant Acuity Infant Acuity 4 foot image They ve disappeared!!!!! At a distance of 5 feet a subject with 20/20 vision cannot determine the location of the 4 foot Threshold Images Dyop Infant Acuity 4 foot image

68 Dyop Infant Acuity Infant Acuity 4 foot image At a 3 foot viewing distance the motion is followed At a distance of 3 feet a subject with 20/20 vision CAN determine the location of the 4 foot Threshold Images Dyop Infant Acuity 4 foot image

69 Dyop Color Acuity Dyop Color Perception Differences in Color 12.5% Stroke Width colored Dyops on a Black background White = Yellow = Green = 100% Red = 90% Blue = 80%

70 Dyslexia Screening Perceptual Dyslexia treatment with colored transparencies Potential Dyop Dyslexia Screening Test Placebo or diagnostic tool? Perceptual Dyslexia colored transparencies

71 Dyop Dyslexia Applications Types of Perceptual Dyslexia Blurry Effect Halo Effect Shaky Effect Swirl Effect Rivers Effect Seasaw Effect Washout Effect Overlapping Writing Perceptual Dyslexia Blurry & Halo

72 Dyop Color Acuity Potential Perceptual Dyslexia screening test Possible dyslexia connection Dyop Color Acuityto HYPER-perception of colored Dyop Threshold Images

73 Dyop Diagnostic Testing Dyop Sobriety Test 1 Getting correct less than 8 out of 10 Dyops choices gets you a ride Dyop Sobriety Test

74 Dyop Diagnostic Testing Dyop Sobriety Test 2 Getting correct less than 8 out of 10 Dyops choices gets you a ride Dyop Sobriety Test

75 Dyop Diagnostic Testing Dyop Sobriety Test 3 Getting correct less than 8 out of 10 Dyops choices gets you a ride

76 Dyop Diagnostic Testing Dyop Sobriety Test 4 Getting correct less than 8 out of 10 Dyops choices gets you a ride Dyop Sobriety Test

77 Dyop Diagnostic Testing Dyop Sobriety Test 5 Getting correct less than 8 out of 10 Dyops choices gets you a ride Dyop Sobriety Test

78 Dyop Diagnostic Testing Dyop - ipad Sobriety Test Dyop Sobriety Test - on ipad Getting correct less than 8 out of 10 Dyops choices gets you a ride

79 Dyop Diagnostic Testing Dyop - ipad Drivers License Testing Dyop Drivers License Testing on ipad

80 Dyop Diagnostic Testing Dyop - Screener for Drivers License Testing Dyop Drivers License Testing with Depisteo scanner

81 Dyop Diagnostic Testing Dyop - ipad Comprehension Test Dyop Comprehension Test on ipad

82 Dyop Calibration Testing Dyop - ipad Calibration Test Dyop Comprehension Test on ipad

83 Dyop Calibration Testing Dyop - ipad Calibration Test Dyop Comprehension Test on ipad

84 Dyop Applications Oscar Scheiss Tail Light 6 inch Dyop = 200 foot visibility 55 mph = 80 feet per second 5 foot tail light separation merges at 2000 feet Dyop Oscar Scheiss Tail Light

85 Dyop Applications Oscar Scheiss Tail Light 6 inch Dyop = 200 foot visibility 55 mph = 80 feet per second 80 mph = 117 feet per second = Oh Scheiss! Auto stopping distance

86 Dyop Applications Oscar Scheiss Street Light 9 inch Dyop = 300 foot visibility 55 mph = 80 feet per second Dyop Oscar Scheiss Street Light

87 Cyclops World s Largest Visual Acuity Test BSA Camp Rainey Mountain, Georgia Proof of Concept Publication in 20/20 magazine Cyclops - World s Largest Visual Acuity Test

88 Cyclops Map of Camp Rainey Mountain Big Rock Admin Bldg Map distance of 3600 feet Map of Camp Rainey Mountain

89 Cyclops Front view 10 foot maximum diameter Cyclops Front view 10 foot maximum diameter

90 Cyclops Rear view with location of Big Rock Big Rock Parade Field Back of Cyclops Rear view with location of Big Rock

91 Cyclops Location of Big Rock Big Rock Location of Big Rock

92 Cyclops 60 foot distance 60 feet Admin Bldg 60 foot distance

93 Cyclops 160 foot distance 160 feet Admin Bldg 160 foot distance

94 Cyclops 270 foot distance 270 feet 270 foot distance

95 Cyclops 700 foot distance 700 feet 700 foot distance

96 Cyclops Cyclops World s Largest Visual Acuity Test World s Largest Visual Acuity Test 3800 feet

97 Cyclops Cyclops & Allan Cyclops & Allan 3800 feet Allan

98 World s Largest Visual Acuity Test Cyclops World s Largest Visual Acuity Test 3800 feet Distance (feet) Diameter (feet) Yes Rotation No Rotation Control test subjects - July 23, 2010

99 Animated Vision Associates Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Arthur C. Clarke s Third Law

100 The Dyop Revolution Allan Hytowitz Animated Vision Associates The Dyop Revolution