Seeing in Biology. Resolving Power of Optical Devices. Bio 101 Laboratory 2. Microscope Intro to Cell Cycle Mitosis
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1 Bio 101 Laboratory 2 Microscope Intro to Cell Cycle Mitosis 1 Seeing in Biology There are many different tools that biologists/anatomists can use to see biological samples at high resolution. Some include: Light microscope (2-D)* Electron microscope* Transmission electron microscopy (2-D) Scanning electron microscopy (3-D) Confocal laser scanning microscope (optical sections through a 3-D specimen; good for 3-D) Atomic force microscope (one of the most powerful tools for determining the surface topography of native biomolecules at subnanometer resolution) 2 Resolving Power of Optical Devices From: 3 1
2 Resolving Power Need a refresher on the metric system? See our course Web site in the Study Guides and Helpers Section From: 4 Light Microscope White blood cell (Leukocyte) (Erythrocytes) Nucleus 7.5 m (Use as a guide to size) 5 Transmission Electron Micrograph RBC Two-dimensional representation of a 3-D object From: 6 2
3 The Scanning Electron Microscope No, although the hairdo is similar, this is NOT your instructor!! From: 7 The Compound Light Microscope It would be a bonus for you to be able to name these parts of the microscope on the lab exam, given a photograph of a microscope like this or the one in your lab manual. 8 Parts of the Microscope Microscope Part Arm Base Ocular Body Tube Revolving Nose Piece Function Supports the body tube and lenses. Use the arm to carry your microscope. Supports the entire microscope. Broad and heavy, the base gives the instrument stability. The lens in the upper part of the microscope. Monocular microscopes have one ocular, while binocular microscopes have two oculars. Holds the ocular at one end and the nosepiece at the other. A prism housed in the body tube helps to reflect light towards the eye. Located at the lower end of the body tube. A revolving device that holds the objectives. Objective Lenses Stage Substage Condenser Located on the revolving nosepiece. There are typically three objective lenses on a toy microscope. Only one objective may be used at a time. The selected lens is rotated into position by turning the nosepiece. The horizontal platform upon which the slide rests. Lens found beneath the stage that concentrates light before it passes through the specimen to be viewed. Typically has to be turned to activate the light on a toy microscope. Light Focus Adjustment Knob Provides illumination of the specimen. Typically located within the condenser region of a toy microscope. Located on either side of the arm. Moves the stage (or body tube) up or down to the correct distance from the objective for viewing. Your scopes will have just one kind of focus knob (on each side of the microscope)... the ones we have at STCC have both coarse and fine focus knobs. From: 9 3
4 University of Delaware Microscope Tutorial The link to this site is on our Main Web page (under Links to Other Web sites ) From: 10 University of Delaware Microscope Tutorial 12 9 Microscope field 3 6 From: 11 The Cell Cycle series of changes a cell undergoes from the time it forms until the time it divides stages interphase mitosis cytoplasmic division differentiation G 0 Differentiated cells may spend all their time in G 0 (neurons, skeletal muscle, red blood cells) Stem cells may never enter G
5 The Cell Cycle and Mitosis Review from Biology What is the cell cycle? Why does mitosis happen? INNKEEPER, POUR ME ANOTHER TEQUILA! 13 The Cell Cycle and Mitosis INNKEEPER (INTERPHASE) POUR (PROPHASE) ME (METAPHASE) ANOTHER (ANAPHASE) TEQUILA (TELOPHASE/CYTOKINESIS) 14 Interphase Cell 15 5
6 Prophase What structure joins the sister chromatids together? 16 Metaphase 17 Anaphase 18 6
7 Telophase (and Cytokinesis) 19 What you should do today 1. Get a double-arm microscope from the microscope cabinets Carry it with TWO HANDS! Plug it in using only the MINIMUM amount of cord you need to reach the plug. Leave the rest wound. 2. Follow the Instructions for Laboratory 2 and complete Activities 2 through 5 and attempt to answer the questions in your Laboratory Manual 3. Get a Whitefish Blastula slide and locate cells in all the stages of the cell cycle: Interphase, Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophasae/Cytokinesis 20 Reminders about using the microscope Reminders for using microscope Hold the microscope slide up to the room light to be sure there s something on the slide (sometimes faint) and determine where you want to look first. Start at low power and locate a promising area to view at higher power, center the object of interest, use the COARSE FOCUS, THEN go to higher power. When you focus on an area under higher power, be sure to move ONLY the FINE focus up and down slightly to be sure you see everything you need to see. Use both eyes (it s less fatiguing, but takes practice) 21 7
8 For next lab Epithelial Tissue and Integument (This is a microscope-intensive lab, which is why you should thoroughly understand how to use the microscope after today s lab!!) Read Exercises 6 and 7 in Marieb & Mitchell Lab Manual Look at the histological photos in your Lab Manual and in your textbook Epithelial: Fig. 4.3 Integument: Fig
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